List of milestones in Kannada literature

This is a list important milestones in Kannada literature starting with Kavirajamarga (850 C.E.). These writings are the earliest available works in each listed genre. Though many notable works have been accomplished in each genre during later years, these writings are the forerunners for later developments.

The list

Milestones in Kannada literature
Genre Writing Author Year Patron
Poetics, RhetoricKavirajamarga[1][2]Amoghavarsha I850Rashtrakuta Empire
Basic GrammarKavirajamarga[3][4]Amoghavarsha I850Rashtrakuta Empire
Narrative Prose (Parables)Vaddaradhane[5][6]Shivakotiacharya900Rashtrakuta Empire
Epic (Jain) Adipurana, Vikramarjuna Vijaya[5][7][8]Adikavi Pampa941Rashtrakuta Empire
ElegySahasa Bhima Vijaya[5][9]Ranna982Western Chalukya Empire
ProsodyChandombudhi[7][10]Nagavarma I990Western Ganga Dynasty
Fiction (Romance)Karnataka Kadambari[7][10]Nagavarma I990Western Ganga
LexiconRannakanda[5][11]Ranna990Western Chalukya
EroticsMadanatilaka[10][12]Chandraraja1025Western Chalukya
EncyclopaediaLokopakara[10][13]Chavundaraya II1025Western Chalukya
CookeryLokopakara (Supasastra)[14]Chavundaraya II1025Western Chalukya
AgricultureLokopakara (Vrksayurveda)[15]Chavundaraya II1025Western Chalukya
FablePanchatantra[10][12]Durgasimha1025Western Chalukya
Free Verse (Vers Libre)Vachana poems[16][17][18]Chennaiah, Kakkaiah and others11th centuryNone
Bhakti poems (early native)Vachana[19][20][21]Chennaiah, Kakkaiah and others1025None
Belles-lettresChandraprabha Charite[10][22]Shridaracharya1049Western Chalukya
AstrologyJatakatilaka[10][12]Shridaracharya1049Western Chalukya
MathematicsVyavaharaganita, Kshetraganita, Lilavati[23][24]Rajaditya1105Hoysala Empire
Veterinary ScienceGovaidya[23][24]Prince Kirtivarma1120Western Chalukya
Medicine (health)Karnataka Kalyanakaraka[24][25]Jagadalla Somanatha1150Western Chalukya
Bhakti poems (mature native)Vachana Sahitya[21][25][26][27]Basavanna and others1160Kalachuris of Kalyani (Southern branch)
Epic (Shaivism)Girijakalyana[25][26][28]Harihara1160Hoysala Empire
Epic (Vaishnavism)Jagannatha Vijaya[25][28][29]Rudrabhatta1180Hoysala Empire
AnthologySuktisudharnava[25][30]Mallikarjuna1245Hoysala Empire
Mature GrammarShabdamanidarpana[25][30]Kesiraja1260Hoysala Empire
Bhakti poems (mystic, Vaishnavism)Haridasa Sahitya[31][32][33]Naraharitirtha1281Hoysala Empire
MeteorologyRattasutra[30][34]Rattakavi1300Hoysala Empire
ToxicologyKhagendramanidarpana[30][34]Mangaraja I1360Vijayanagara Empire
Epic (Mahabharata)Gadugina Bharata[32][35]Naranappa (Kumara Vyasa)1425Vijayanagara Empire
Epic (Ramayana)Torave Ramayana[35][36]Narahari (Kumara Valmiki)1500Vijayanagara Empire
Epic (native folk)Ramanatha Charite (Kumararama Charite)[35][37]Nanjunda Kavi1525Vijayanagara Empire
Classical devotionalCarnatic music[38][39]Purandara Dasa16th centuryVijayanagara Empire
Theatre (folk, Yakshagana)Virata Parva[40][41]Vishnu Varamballi1564None
Drama (social)Mitravinda Govinda[42][43]Singaraya1680Mysore Kingdom
BiographyKanthirava Narasaraja Vijaya[44][45]Govinda Vaidya1648Mysore Kingdom
HistoryChikkadevaraja Vamshavali[45][46]Tirumalarya II1698Mysore Kingdom
Grammar (modern)Kannada grammar[47]Rev. William Carrey1817Princely Mysore
Novel (Historical prose)Mudramanjusha[48][49]Kempu Narayana1823Princely Mysore
Dictionary (modern)Kannada-English Dictionary[47]Rev. W. Reeve1832Princely Mysore
Journalism (news)Mangalura Samachara[47][50]Hermann Mögling1843Madras Presidency
Novel (modern Romance)Saugandhika Parinaya[51][52]Krishnaraja Wodeyar III1850Princely Mysore
Drama (early modern)Shakuntala[53][54]C. Sehagiri Rao1869Princely Mysore
Ballad (native folk)Sangoli Rayana Dange[55][56]John Faithfull Fleet1874Bombay Presidency
Drama (mature modern)Shurasena Charite (Othello)[53][57]Basavappa Shastry1882Princely Mysore
Epic (early, prose)Adbhuta Ramayana[58][59]Muddanna1885Princely Mysore
Mature Novel (Social)Suryakantha[54][60]Lakshmana Gadagkar1892Bombay Presidency
Poem (modern)English Geethagalu[58][61]B. M. Srikantaiah1910Princely Mysore
Short StoriesKelavu Sanna Kathegalu[62]Masti1920Princely Mysore
Lyrical poemsGari[63][64]D. R. Bendre1936Bombay Presidency
Epic (modern)Sri Ramayana Darshanam[65][66]Kuvempu1949Mysore state

Notes

  1. ↑ Narasimhacharya (1988), p17
  2. ↑ Sastri (1955), p355
  3. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1474, p1699
  4. ↑ Sridhar in Brown & Oglivie, (2009), p577
  5. 1 2 3 4 Sastri (1955), p356
  6. ↑ P.S. Srinivasan in Lal (1992), p4459
  7. 1 2 3 Narasimhacharya (1988), p18
  8. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1180
  9. ↑ M.V.Seetharamiah in Datta (1988), p1150
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sastri (1955), p357
  11. ↑ Mukherjee (1999), p324
  12. 1 2 3 Narasimhacharya (1988), p19
  13. ↑ Murthy in Gopal & Srivastava (2008), pp506-509
  14. ↑ Murthy in Gopal & Srivastava (2008), pp508
  15. ↑ Murthy in Gopal & Srivastava (2008), pp506-508
  16. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1324
  17. ↑ Sadarangani (2004), p20
  18. ↑ Shiva Prakash (1997), pp171–173
  19. ↑ Shiva Prakash in Ayyappapanicker (1997), p171
  20. ↑ Rawat (2011), p11, chapter 1
  21. 1 2 Hart, George L (1976), p.337
  22. ↑ Kamath (1980), pp114-115
  23. 1 2 Narasimhacharya (1988), 19
  24. 1 2 3 Sastri (1955), p358
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Narasimhacharya (1988), p20
  26. 1 2 Sastri (1955), p361
  27. ↑ Shiva Prakash in Ayyappapanicker (1997), pp166-192
  28. 1 2 Rao in Datta (1988), p1181
  29. ↑ Sastri(1955), p364
  30. 1 2 3 4 Sastri (1955), p359
  31. ↑ Shiva Prakash in Ayyappapanicker (1997), p194
  32. 1 2 Sastri (1955), p364
  33. ↑ Rice E.P. (1921), p77
  34. 1 2 Narasimhacharya (1988), p21
  35. 1 2 3 Narasimhacharya (1988), p22
  36. ↑ Sastri (1955), pp364-365
  37. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1182, chapter-Epic(Kannada)
  38. ↑ Thielemann (2002), p22
  39. ↑ R Zydenbos in Cushman S, Cavanagh C, Ramazani J, Rouzer P (2012), p767
  40. ↑ Ashton & Christie (1977), p21
  41. ↑ Karanth (1997), p160
  42. ↑ K. Marulasiddappa in Datta (1988), p1077
  43. ↑ Mukherjee (1998), p235
  44. ↑ Narasimhacharya (1988), p64
  45. 1 2 Rice E.P. (1982), p89
  46. ↑ Narasimhacharya (1988), p23, p64
  47. 1 2 3 Kamath (1980), p279
  48. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp167-168
  49. ↑ Kamath (1980) p280
  50. ↑ Verlag in Wendt (2006), p159
  51. ↑ Narasimhacharya (1988), p26
  52. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp167
  53. 1 2 Kamath (1980), p282
  54. 1 2 Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp169
  55. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp168
  56. ↑ Prashad (2001), page xiii, chapter-Kannada folk epics, a profile
  57. ↑ Guttal in Trivedi & Bartholomeusz (2006), p105
  58. 1 2 Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp170
  59. ↑ Krishnamoorthy & Mukhopadhyay (1991), p94
  60. ↑ Kamath (1980), p281
  61. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1716
  62. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp172
  63. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp173
  64. ↑ Das (1995), p203
  65. ↑ Rao in Datta (1988), p1182
  66. ↑ Murthy in K.M. George (1992), pp174

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