Lymphocytosis

Lymphocytosis
Lymphocytosis, peripheral blood smear (40x)
Specialty Hematology Edit this on Wikidata

Lymphocytosis is an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the blood. In adults, lymphocytosis is present when the lymphocyte count is greater than 4000 per microliter (4.0 x 109/L), in older children greater than 7000 per microliter and in infants greater than 9000 per microliter.[1] Lymphocytes normally represent 20 to 40% of circulating white blood cells.

Causes

Lymphocytosis is a feature of infection, particularly in children. In the elderly, lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphomas, often present with lymphadenopathy and a lymphocytosis.

Causes of absolute lymphocytosis include:

Causes of relative lymphocytosis include: age less than 2 years; acute viral infections; connective tissue diseases, thyrotoxicosis, Addison's disease, and splenomegaly with splenic sequestration of granulocytes.

Diagnosis

Lymphocytosis is usually detected when a complete blood count is obtained. If not provided the lymphocyte count can be calculated by multiplying the total white blood cell (WBC) count by the percentage of lymphocytes found in the differential count.[5] The lymphocyte count can also be directly measured by flow cytometry.

See also

  • Lymphocytopenia – the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood

References

  1. ↑ Miale, John B. Laboratory Medicine: hematology. 5th. St. Louis: C.V. Mosby, 1977.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Table 12-6 in: Mitchell, Richard Sheppard; Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Fausto, Nelson. Robbins Basic Pathology. Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2973-7. 8th edition.
  3. ↑ Juneja, S; Januszewicz, E; Wolf, M; Cooper, I (1995). "Post-splenectomy lymphocytosis". Clinical and laboratory haematology. 17 (4): 335–7. PMID 8697729.
  4. ↑ Freedman, DS; Flanders, WD; Barboriak, JJ; Malarcher, AM; Gates, L (July 1996). "Cigarette smoking and leukocyte subpopulations in men". Annals of epidemiology. 6 (4): 299–306. doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(96)00024-5. PMID 8876840.
  5. ↑ For example, if the total WBC count is 30,000, and the %lymphocytes is 30, the absolute lymphocyte count is 9,000 per microliter.
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