List of paraphilias

Paraphilia
Classification and external resources
Specialty Psychiatry
ICD-10 F65.0

Paraphilias are sexual interests in objects, situations, or individuals that are atypical. The American Psychiatric Association, in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM), draws a distinction between paraphilias (which it describes as atypical sexual interests) and paraphilic disorders (which additionally require the experience of distress or impairment in functioning).[1][2] Some paraphilias have more than one term to describe them, and some terms overlap with others. Paraphilias without DSM codes listed come under DSM 302.9, "Paraphilia NOS (Not Otherwise Specified)".

In his 2008 book on sexual pathologies, Anil Aggrawal compiled a list of 547 terms describing paraphilic sexual interests. He cautioned, however, that "not all these paraphilias have necessarily been seen in clinical setups. This may not be because they do not exist, but because they are so innocuous they are never brought to the notice of clinicians or dismissed by them. Like allergies, sexual arousal may occur from anything under the sun, including the sun."[3]

Most of the following names for paraphilias, constructed in the nineteenth and especially twentieth centuries from Greek and Latin roots (see List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes), are used in medical contexts only.

Paraphilias

Paraphilia Focus of erotic interest
Abasiophilia People with impaired mobility[4]
Acrotomophilia People with amputations[5][6]
Agalmatophilia Statues, mannequins and immobility[7]
Algolagnia Pain, particularly involving an erogenous zone; differs from masochism as there is a biologically different interpretation of the sensation rather than a subjective interpretation[8]
Andromimetophilia Trans men[4][9]
Anililagnia Attraction by young men to older women[10]
Anthropophagolagnia Raping and then cannibalizing another person.[11]
Anthropophagy Ingesting human flesh[11]
Apotemnophilia Being an amputee[5][12]
Asphyxiophilia Being asphyxiated or strangled[5]
Attraction to disability People with one or more physical disabilities.[13]
Autagonistophilia Being on stage or on camera[14][15]
Autassassinophilia Being in life-threatening situations[5]
Autoerotic asphyxiation Self-induced asphyxiation, sometimes to the point of near unconsciousness[15]
Autogynephilia Sexual arousal of a biological male in response to the image of himself as female.[16]
Auto-haemofetishism Bleeding oneself (does not involve ingestion of blood). Type of autovampirism.[17]
Autonepiophilia The image of one's self in the form of an infant.[14]
Autopedophilia The image of one's self in the form of a child.[18]
Autoplushophilia The image of one's self in the form of a plush or anthropomorphized animal.[18]
Autovampirism/Vampirism The image of one's self in the form of a vampire.[19][20][21] Involves ingesting or seeing one's own blood.[17]
Autozoophilia The image of one's self in the form of an animal or anthropomorphized animal.[18]
Biastophilia/Raptophilia Raping a person, possibly consensual rape fantasy.[5][14]
Capnolagnia Smoking.[22]
Chremastistophilia Being robbed or held up[14]
Chronophilia Partners of a widely differing chronological age[14]
Coprophilia Feces; also known as scat, scatophilia or fecophilia[2][23]
Dacryphilia Tears or crying[24]
Diaper fetishism Diapers; considerable overlap with paraphilic infantilism[25]
Dendrophilia Trees[5]
Emetophilia Vomit[4]
Eproctophilia Flatulence[3]
Erotic asphyxiation Asphyxia of oneself or others[26]
Erotophonophilia Murder, often of strangers (also known as dacnolagnomania).[11]
Exhibitionism Exposing one's genitals to unsuspecting and nonconsenting others[2]
Feederism Eating, feeding, and weight gain.[27]
Formicophilia Being crawled on by insects[14][28]
Forniphilia Turning a human being into a piece of furniture
Frotteurism Rubbing against a non-consenting person[2]
Gerontophilia Elderly people[29]
Gynandromorphophilia/Gynemimetophilia Transsexual or transgender women[4][30]
Hematolagnia Drinking or looking at blood[31]
Heterophilia Idealization of heterosexuality and/or people who are "straight-acting", especially by non-heterosexual people.[32][33][34]
Homeovestism Wearing clothing emblematic of one's own sex[35][36]
Hoplophilia Firearms, guns[37]
Hybristophilia Criminals, particularly for cruel or outrageous crimes[14][38]
Infantophilia Pedophilia with a focus on children less than five years old, a recently suggested term that is not in general use[39]
Kleptophilia Stealing; also known as kleptolagnia[4]
Klismaphilia Enemas, arousal and enjoyment in receiving, administering, or both[4]
Lactophilia Breast milk[40]
Liquidophilia Immersing genitals in liquids[40]
Macrophilia Giant beings; the imagined growth of beings[40]
Maschalagnia Armpits[3]
Mazophilia Highly atypical sexual interest focused on female breasts.
Masochism Suffering or humiliation; being beaten, bound or otherwise abused[2]
Mechanophilia Cars or other machines; also "mechaphilia."[41][42][43]
Melolagnia Music[44]
Menophilia Menstruation[40]
Metrophilia Poetry[44]
Morphophilia Particular body shapes or sizes[15]
Mucophilia Mucus[40]
Mysophilia Dirtiness, soiled or decaying things[4]
Narratophilia Obscene words[4]
Nasophilia Noses[40]
Necrophilia Corpses[2][4][45]
Objectophilia Specific inanimate objects[2]
Oculophilia Eyes and activities directly relating to and/or involving the eyes. Voyeurism does not meet classification for this term.
Olfactophilia Smells and odors emanating from the body, especially the sexual areas.[4][14]
Omorashi Arousal from having a full bladder and/or wetting oneself, or from seeing someone else experiencing a full bladder and/or wetting themselves
Paraphilic infantilism Dressing or being treated like a baby, also known as autonepiophilia[14] or "adult baby syndrome";[46] considerable overlap with diaper fetishism[25]
Partialism Specific, non-genital body parts[2][4]
Pedophilia Prepubescent children, also spelled paedophilia; often confused with hebephilia, ephebophilia, and pederasty[2][47]
Peodeiktophilia Exposing one's penis[5]
Pedovestism Dressing like a child[48]
Podophilia Feet[49]
Pictophilia Pornography or erotic art, particularly pictures[4][14]
Piquerism Piercing the flesh of another person, most commonly by stabbing or cutting the body with sharp objects[50]
Plushophilia Stuffed toy animals (Plushies).[51]
Pygophilia Buttocks,[52] as in a highly atypical sexual interest focused on the buttocks.
Salirophilia Soiling or dirtying others[4]
Sexual fetishism Nonliving objects[2]
Sexual sadism Inflicting pain on others[2]
Somnophilia Sleeping or unconscious people[4][14]
Sophophilia Learning[53]
Sthenolagnia Muscles and displays of strength[40]
Stigmatophilia Body piercings and tattoos[5][40]
Symphorophilia Witnessing or staging disasters such as car accidents[5]
Telephone scatologia Obscene phone calls, particularly to strangers; also known as telephonicophilia[2][14] and scatophilia[54]
Teratophilia Deformed or monstrous people[3]
Toucherism Touching an unsuspecting, non-consenting person with the hand[55]
Toxophilia Archery[44]
Transvestic fetishism Wearing clothes associated with the opposite sex; also known as transvestism[2]
Transvestophilia A transvestite sexual partner[14]
Trichophilia Hair[40]
Troilism Cuckoldism, watching one's partner have sex with someone else, possibly without the third party's knowledge[15][56]
Urolagnia Urination, particularly in public, on others, and/or being urinated on. Also referred to as "water sports"[2][4][14][15]
Vorarephilia The idea of one person or creature eating or being eaten by another; usually swallowed whole, in one piece; also known as vore[57]
Voyeurism Watching others while naked or having sex, generally without their knowledge; also known as scopophilia or scoptophilia[2][15]
Wet and messy fetishism Messy situations, including, but not limited to, being pied, gunged or covered in mud
Zoophilia Animals[2][4][14]
Zoosadism Inflicting pain on or seeing animals in pain[58]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Moran, Mark (May 3, 2013). "DSM to Distinguish Paraphilias From Paraphilic Disorders". Psychiatric News. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. 2000. ISBN 0-89042-025-4.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Aggrawal, Anil (2008). "Appendix 1". Forensic and Medico-legal Aspects of Sexual Crimes and Unusual Sexual Practices. CRC Press. pp. 369–382. ISBN 1-4200-4308-0.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Milner, JS; Dopke CA (2008). "Paraphilia Not Otherwise Specified: Psychopathology and theory". In Laws DR & O'Donohue WT. Sexual Deviance, Second Edition: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. New York: The Guilford Press. pp. 384–418. ISBN 1-59385-605-9.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Money, J (1984). "Paraphilias: Phenomenology and classification". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 38 (2): 164–78. PMID 6234812.
  6. ↑ Money, J; Simcoe KW (1986). "Acrotomophilia, sex, and disability: New concepts and case report". Sexuality and Disability. 7 (1/2): 43–50. doi:10.1007/BF01101829.
  7. ↑ Scobie, A; Taylor J (1975). "Perversions ancient and modern: I. Agalmatophilia, the statue syndrome". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 11 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197501)11:1<49::AID-JHBS2300110112>3.0.CO;2-6. PMID 11609831.
  8. ↑ Kelley, K; Byrne D (1986). Alternative Approaches to the Study of Sexual Behavior. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 13–38. ISBN 0-89859-677-7.
  9. ↑ Money, J; Lamacz, M (1984). "Gynemimesis and gynemimetophilia: Individual and cross-cultural manifestations of a gender-coping strategy hitherto unnamed". Comprehensive Psychiatry. 25 (4): 392–403. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(84)90074-9. PMID 6467919.
  10. ↑ Theroux, Alexander (2008). Laura Warholic. Fantagraphics Books. p. 135. ISBN 978-1-56097-798-8.
  11. 1 2 3 Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  12. ↑ Money, J; Jobaris, Russell; Furth, Gregg (1977). "Apotemnophilia: Two cases of self-demand amputation as a paraphilia". The Journal of Sex Research. 13 (2): 115–125. doi:10.1080/00224497709550967. JSTOR 3811894.
  13. ↑ Smith, R. C. (2004). "Amputee identity disorder and related paraphilias". Psychiatry. 3 (8): 27–30. doi:10.1383/psyt.3.8.27.43394.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Money, John (1988). Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transposition in Childhood, Adolescence, and Maturity. Buffalo, N.Y: Prometheus Books. ISBN 0-87975-456-7.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Seto, MC; Barbaree HE (2000). "Paraphilias". In Hersen M; Van Hasselt VB. Aggression and violence: an introductory text. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 198–213. ISBN 0-205-26721-1.
  16. ↑ Cantor, J. M., & Sutton, K. S. (2014). Paraphilia, gender dysphoria, and hypersexuality. In P. H. Blaney & T. Millon (Eds.), Oxford textbook of psychopathology (3rd ed.) (pp. 589–614). New York: Oxford University Press.
  17. 1 2 Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  18. 1 2 3 Lawrence, A. A. (2009). "Erotic target location errors: An underappreciated paraphilic dimension". The Journal of Sex Research. 46 (2–3): 194–215. doi:10.1080/00224490902747727. PMID 19308843.
  19. ↑ McCully, R. S. (1964). "Vampirism: Historical perspective and underlying process in relation to a case of auto-vampirism". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 139 (5): 440–451. doi:10.1097/00005053-196411000-00004.
  20. ↑ Vanden Bergh, RL; Kelly JF (1964). "Vampirism: A review with new observations". Archives of General Psychiatry. 11 (5): 543–547. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720290085012. PMID 14208658.
  21. ↑ Prins, H (1985). "Vampirism—A clinical condition". British Journal of Psychiatry. 146 (6): 666–668. doi:10.1192/bjp.146.6.666. PMID 4016482.
  22. ↑ Ribisl KM, Lee RE, Henriksen L, Haladjian HH, "A content analysis of Web sites promoting smoking culture and lifestyle", Health Educ Behav. 2003 Feb;30(1):64-78
  23. ↑ Xavier, CM (1955). "Coprophilia: A clinical study". British Journal of Medical Psychology. 28 (2–3): 188–190. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1955.tb00893.x. PMID 14389628.
  24. ↑ Holmes, RM. Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. p. 244. ISBN 0-7619-2417-5. OCLC 48883594.
  25. 1 2 Taormino, T (2002-08-13). "Still in Diapers". The Village Voice. Retrieved 2007-05-08.
  26. ↑ Blanchard, R; Hucker SJ (1991). "Age, transvestism, bondage, and concurrent paraphilic activities in 117 fatal cases of autoerotic asphyxia". British Journal of Psychiatry. 159 (3): 371–7. doi:10.1192/bjp.159.3.371. PMID 1958948.
  27. ↑ Terry, L. L.; Suschinsky, K. D.; Lalumiere, M. L.; Vasey, P. L. (2012). "Feederism: An exaggeration of a normative mate selection preference?". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 41: 249–260. doi:10.1007/s10508-012-9925-7. PMID 22392517.
  28. ↑ Dewaraja, R; Money J (1986). "Transcultural sexology: Formicophilia, a newly named paraphilia in a young Buddhist male". Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy. 12 (2): 139–145. doi:10.1080/00926238608415401. PMID 3723604.
  29. ↑ Hirschfeld, M (1920). Die homosexualität des mannes und des weibes [Homosexuality in men and women] (in German) (2nd ed.). Berlin: Louis Marcus.
  30. ↑ Blanchard, R; Collins PI (1993). "Men with sexual interest in transvestites, transsexuals, and she-males". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 181 (9): 570–575. doi:10.1097/00005053-199309000-00008. PMID 8245926.
  31. ↑ Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  32. ↑ Schwartz, David (1993). "Heterophilia—the love that dare not speak its aim commentary on trop and Stolorows "defense analysis in self psychology: A developmental view""∗". Psychoanalytic Dialogues. 3 (4): 643–652. doi:10.1080/10481889309539000.
  33. ↑ Wood, Mitchell J. (2004). The Gay Male Gaze: Body image disturbance and gender oppression among gay men. In Lipton, Benjamin (ed.) Gay Men Living with Chronic Illnesses and Disabilities: From Crisis to Crossroads. Psychology Press, ISBN 978-1-56023-336-7
  34. ↑ Kantor, Martin (1999). The Paraphilias, in Treating Emotional Disorder in Gay Men, pp. 67 ff. Greenwood Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-275-96333-0
  35. ↑ Zavitzianos G (1972). "Homeovestism: perverse form of behaviour involving wearing clothes of the same sex". The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 53 (4): 471–7. PMID 4664943.
  36. ↑ Zavitzianos G (1977). "The object in fetishism, homeovestism and transvestism". The International Journal of Psychoanalysis. 58 (4): 487–95. PMID 598975.
  37. ↑ Levine, Risen & Althof (2011). Handbook of Clinical Sexuality for Mental Health Professionals. p. 406. ISBN 978-1-135-96749-9.
  38. ↑ Sharma BR (September 2003). "Disorders of sexual preference and medicolegal issues thereof". Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 24 (3): 277–82. doi:10.1097/01.paf.0000069503.21112.d2. PMID 12960665.
  39. ↑ Greenberg DM, Bradford J, Curry S (1995). "Infantophilia--a new subcategory of pedophilia?: a preliminary study". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 23 (1): 63–71. PMID 7599373. .
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Scorolli C, Ghirlanda S, Enquist M, Zattoni S, Jannini EA (2007). "Relative prevalence of different fetishes". Int. J. Impot. Res. 19 (4): 432–7. doi:10.1038/sj.ijir.3901547. PMID 17304204.
  41. ↑ The American Century: Art and Culture, 1900–2000. Part I, 1900–1950: An Exhibition Review, by Kristina Wilson © 2000
  42. ↑ Self-Portrait of the Artist as a Monkey-Hand, by Paul Galvez. 2000 The MIT Press.
  43. ↑ 'Weirdly Beloved: Tales of Strange Bedfellows, Odd Couplings, and Love Gone Bad', Cynthia Ceilán. The Lyons Press, 2008 ISBN 1-59921-403-2
  44. 1 2 3 Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 90. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  45. ↑ Rosman JP, Resnick PJ (1989). "Sexual attraction to corpses: a psychiatric review of necrophilia". Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 17 (2): 153–63. PMID 2667656.
  46. ↑ Pate, JE; Gabbard, GO (2003). "Adult baby syndrome". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (11): 1932–6. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.11.1932. PMID 14594737.
  47. ↑ Krafft-Ebing, R (1998) [1886]. Psychopathia sexualis: A medico-forensic study (1998 translation by Franklin S. Klaf. Arcade Publishing. p. 408. ISBN 1-55970-426-8.
  48. ↑ Lawrence, AA (2006). "Clinical and theoretical parallels between desire for limb amputation and gender identity disorder". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (3): 263–278. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9026-6. PMID 16799838.
  49. ↑ Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 165. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  50. ↑ Davis, MS (2002). The concise dictionary of crime and justice. SAGE Publications. p. 196. ISBN 0-7619-2176-1.
  51. ↑ Kelleher, Kathleen (2001-06-04). "Once Seen as Taboos, Sexual Fetishes Are Gaining Acceptance". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2010-05-22.
  52. ↑ Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex crimes and paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  53. ↑ Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  54. ↑ Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-13-170350-6.
  55. ↑ Freund, K. (1990). Courtship disorders: Toward a biosocial understanding of voyeurism, exhibitionism, toucherism, and the preferential rape pattern. In. L. Ellis & H. Hoffman (Eds.), Crime in biological, social, and moral contexts (pp. 100–114). NY: Praeger.
  56. ↑ Wernik, U (1990). "The nature of explanation in sexology and the riddle of triolism". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. 3 (1): 5–20. doi:10.1007/BF00849719.
  57. ↑ Brenda Brathwaite. "Defining sex". Sex in Video Games (PDF). London: Charles River Media. ISBN 1-58450-459-5. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2013-09-26.
  58. ↑ Williams, CJ; Weinberg MS (2003). "Zoophilia in Men: A study of sexual interest in animals". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 32 (6): 523–535. doi:10.1023/A:1026085410617. PMID 14574096.
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