List of military equipment used by Syrian opposition forces

List of military equipment^[1][2] used by Syrian opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. This list does not include equipment used by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.

Sources

Large equipment like tanks and vehicles are generally captured from Syrian Army supplies, but small arms are likely a mixture of captured Syrian Army weapons, weapons imported by foreign combatants joining the opposition forces, or other sources. These include funding by private donors (notably from the Gulf region) and equipment supplied by friendly nations.

The U.S. supplied a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition, of both American and Soviet-type from Eastern Europe, to Syrian rebel groups under operation Timber Sycamore. For example, Jane's Defence Weekly reported that in December 2015 the U.S. shipped 994 tonnes of weapons and ammunition (including packaging and container weight).^[3][4]

Small arms

Model	Image	Caliber	Type	Origin	Details
Pistols
TT-33		7.62×25mm Tokarev	Pistol	Soviet Union
Makarov PM		9×18mm Makarov	Pistol	Soviet Union
M1911[5]		.45 ACP	Pistol	United States
TİSAŞ Zigana C45[6]		.45 ACP	Pistol	Turkey
Glock 17		9×19mm Parabellum	Pistol	Austria
Browning Hi-Power		9×19mm Parabellum	Pistol	Belgium
Kral Arms Canas[7]		9 mm	Blank pistol	Turkey	Blank pistol, possibly converted to fire live rounds.
SIG Sauer P226		9×19mm Parabellum	Pistol	Germany
Rifles
Mosin–Nagant[8]		7.62×54mmR	Bolt-action rifle	Soviet Union	Limited usage.
MAS-36[9]		7.5×54mm French	Bolt-action rifle	France	Limited usage.
M1 Garand[10]		.30-06 Springfield	Semi-automatic rifle	United States	Very limited usage.
SKS[11] Type 56 carbine[12]		7.62×39mm	Semi-automatic rifle	Soviet Union  People's Republic of China	Limited usage. Chinese copy of SKS. Limited usage.
Heckler & Koch G3[13][14]		7.62×51mm NATO	Battle rifle	Germany  Turkey	Sourced from Turkey and Saudi Arabia.
FN FAL[14][15][16]		7.62×51mm NATO	Battle rifle	Belgium	Often used as Marksman Rifle and Operations Specialist Weapon, sourced from Libya and UAE.
M14 rifle[17]		7.62×51mm NATO	Battle rifle	United States	Rare.
Assault rifles
StG 44[18][19]		7.92×33mm Kurz	Assault rifle	Nazi Germany	Around 5,000 captured from the Syrian Army, mainly from Syrian stockpiles. Very limited usage.
AK-47[3]		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	Soviet Union
AKM		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	Soviet Union
Type 56		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	People's Republic of China	Chinese variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM.
Zastava M70		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	Yugoslavia	Yugoslavian variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM.
PM md. 63		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	Socialist Republic of Romania
AMD 65[20]		7.62×39mm	Assault rifle	Hungarian People's Republic
vz. 58[21]		7.62×39mm	Assault Rifle	Czechoslovakia
AK-74M		5.45×39mm	Assault rifle	Russia
FB Tantal		5.45×39mm	Assault rifle	Poland
AN-94		5.45×39mm	Assault rifle	Russia
M16		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	United States	Used by Division 30, the New Syrian Army,Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels
M4[14]		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	United States	Used by National Front for Liberation
M14 EBR[22]		7.62×51mm NATO	Designated marksman rifle	United States
Norinco CQ		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	People's Republic of China
FAMAS[23]		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	France	Limited usage.
Heckler & Koch G36		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	Germany
SIG SG 540		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	Switzerland
Heckler & Koch HK416		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	Germany	Used by National Front for Liberation
Steyr AUG[15]		5.56×45mm NATO	Assault rifle	Austria  Australia	Origin unclear; serial numbers removed. Used by Syrian Opposition special forces[24][25]
Sniper rifles
Steyr SSG 69[26]		7.62×51mm NATO	Sniper rifle	Austria
Dragunov SVD		7.62×54mmR	Sniper rifle	Soviet Union
Zastava M91		7.62×54mmR	Sniper rifle	Yugoslavia
PSL		7.62×54mmR 7.62×51mm NATO	Designated marksman rifle	Socialist Republic of Romania
Tabuk Sniper Rifle		7.62×39mm	Designated marksman rifle	Iraq
OSV-96[27]		12.7×108mm	Anti-materiel rifle	Russia
M99[28]		12.7×108mm	Anti-materiel rifle	People's Republic of China	Supplied by Qatar.[29]
PGM Hécate II		12.7×108mm	Anti-materiel rifle	France
Sayad-2		.50 BMG	Anti-materiel rifle	Iran	Unlicensed Iranian produced copy of the Steyr HS .50. Captured from the Syrian Army.[30]
PTRS-41[31]		14.5×114mm	Anti-tank rifle	Soviet Union
PTRD-41		14.5×114mm	Anti-tank rifle	Soviet Union
Submachine guns
Sterling submachine gun[32]		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	United Kingdom
Sten[33]		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	United Kingdom	Limited usage
Sa vz. 23[34]		7.62×25mm Tokarev	Submachine gun	Czechoslovakia
MAB 38[35]		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	Kingdom of Italy
Uzi[36]		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	Israel	Rare.
MP-40[37]		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	Nazi Germany	Rare.
Beretta M12		9×19mm Parabellum	Submachine Gun	Italy
Machine guns
FN MAG[38]		7.62×51mm	General-purpose machine gun	Belgium
RPD[39]		7.62×39mm	Light machine gun	Soviet Union
RPK[40]		5.45×39mm	Light machine gun	Soviet Union
PK[3]		7.62×54mmR	General-purpose machine gun	Soviet Union
PKM		7.62×54mmR	General-purpose machine gun	Soviet Union
Zastava M84		7.62×54mmR	General-purpose machine gun	Yugoslavia	Yugoslavian copy of the PK.
MG-34[17]		7.92×57mm Mauser	General-purpose machine gun	Nazi Germany	Captured from some Syrian stockpiles. Very rare usage.
M240B[41]		7.62×51mm NATO	General-purpose machine gun	Belgium	Used by the NSA and al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield forces
DShK[3] Type 54 HMG		12.7×108mm	Heavy machine gun	Soviet Union  People's Republic of China	Often mounted on technicals. Chinese copy of DShK.
NSV		12.7×108mm	Heavy machine gun	Soviet Union	Often mounted on technicals.
W85[42]		12.7×108mm	Heavy machine gun	People's Republic of China
KPV[43]		14.5×114mm	Heavy machine gun	Soviet Union	Often mounted on technicals.
GShG-7.62		7.62×54mmR	Gatling-type rotary cannon	Soviet Union
M2 Browning[44][45][46][41]		.50 BMG	Heavy machine gun	United States	Used by US-backed FSA groups, including the al-Mu'tasim Brigade and the Hamza Division.
M1919 Browning[47]			Medium machine gun	United States

Grenades, grenade launchers and explosives

Model	Image	Diameter	Type	Origin	Details
F1		55 mm	Hand grenade	Soviet Union
Mk 2 grenade[48]		59 mm	Hand grenade	United States
M26 grenade		57 mm	Hand grenade	United States
RGD-5		58 mm	Hand grenade	Soviet Union
OHG-92[49]		65mm[50]	Hand grenade	Switzerland	Grenades originally delivered to the United Arab Emirates in 2003–2004 and then given to Jordan in 2004. Unclear how the hand grenades reached the Syrian rebels.[51]
AGS-17[52]		30×29mm grenade	Automatic grenade launcher	Soviet Union
Type 87[53]		35×32mm grenade	Automatic grenade launcher	People's Republic of China
Mark 19 grenade launcher[54]		40×53mm grenade	Automatic grenade launcher	United States	Supplied by the USA.
RBG-6[55][56][57]		40×46mm grenade	Grenade launcher	Croatia	Croatian-produced copy of South African Milkor MGL. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[58]
Arsenal MSGL[59]		40×46mm grenade	Grenade launcher	Bulgaria
FN 303		18 mm	Riot gun	Belgium	Used by Free Syrian Police.
IED[60]			Improvised explosive device	/ Syria	Captured from YPG.
Molotov cocktail[60]			Incendiary device	/ Syria

Anti-tank weapons

Model	Image	Diameter	Type	Origin	Details
Shoulder-fired missiles
SPG-82[61]		82 mm	Anti-tank rocket launcher	Soviet Union
RPG-2		82 mm	Recoilless rifle[62]	Soviet Union
RPG-7[3]		40 mm (launcher only, warhead diameter varies)	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union
RPG-18[63]		64 mm	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union
RPG-22[56]		72.5 mm	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union	Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[58]
RPG-26[64]		72.5 mm	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union
RPG-29[65]		105 mm	Rocket-propelled grenade	Soviet Union
RPG-75[66]		68 mm	Rocket-propelled grenade	Czechoslovakia
M72 LAW[16]		66 mm	Anti-tank rocket launcher	United States	Turkish HAR-66 (LAW copy) supplied by Turkey
M79 Osa[56][67]		90 mm	Anti-tank rocket launcher	Yugoslavia	Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[58]
RBR-120 mm M90[68]		120 mm	Anti-tank rocket launcher	Serbia
Anti-tank guided weapons
9M14 Malyutka[69]		125 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Soviet Union	Designated AT-3 Sagger by NATO.
9K111 Fagot[3][70]		120 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Soviet Union	Designated AT-4 Spigot by NATO.
9M113 Konkurs[3][71]		135 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army and supplied by Saudi Arabia.[72] Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO.
9K115 Metis[73]		130 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Soviet Union	Designated AT-7 Spriggan by NATO.
9K115-2 Metis-M[74]		130 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Russia	Designated AT-13 Saxhorn-2 by NATO.
9M133 Kornet[75]		152 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	Russia	Designated AT-14 Spriggan by NATO.
HJ-8[76][77]		120 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	People's Republic of China	Supplied by Qatar and Bolivia.[78]
MILAN[79]		115 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	France  Germany	Captured from the Syrian Army and YPG.[80] Some supplied by Qatar or from Libyan National Army stocks.[81]
BGM-71 TOW[82]		152 mm	Wire-guided anti-tank missile	United States	Allegedly supplied by the U.S., but origin remains "unclear"; serial numbers removed.[83] The TOW missile system has seen extensive use during the Hama Offensive by Syrian opposition forces, mainly against armoured vehicles from both the SAA and NDF.

Anti-aircraft weapons

Model	Image	Diameter	Type	Origin	Details
Towed anti-aircraft guns
ZU-23-2[84]		23 mm	Autocannon	Soviet Union	Often mounted on technicals.
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)[85]		37 mm	Autocannon	Soviet Union	Mounted on technicals.
57 mm AZP S-60[86]		57 mm	Autocannon	Soviet Union
ZPU[60]		14.5×114mm	Anti-aircraft gun	Soviet Union	Based on the Soviet 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun. Often mounted on technicals.
ZPU-4[73]		14.5×114mm	Anti-aircraft gun	Soviet Union	Mostly mounted on Technicals.
ZPU-1[73]		14.5×114mm	Anti-aircraft gun	Soviet Union	mounted on Technicals.
Self-propelled air defense
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"[87]		23 mm	Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun	Soviet Union	Often used against ground targets in urban environments.
9K33 Osa[88]		209.6 mm 9M33 missile	Amphibious SAM system	Soviet Union	Two captured from the Syrian Armed Forces and used by Jaysh al-Islam and Jaysh al-Ahrar.
Man-portable air-defense systems
FN-6[89]		72 mm		People's Republic of China	Supplied by Qatar.[90]
9K32 Strela-2[91]		72 mm	Man-portable air-defense system	Soviet Union	Designated SA-7 Grail by NATO.
9K310 Igla-1[92]		72 mm	Man-portable air-defense system	Soviet Union	Designated SA-16 Gimlet by NATO.
9K338 Igla-S[93]		72 mm	Man-portable air-defense system	Soviet Union	Designated SA-24 Grinch by NATO.
FIM-92 Stinger		100 mm		United States	Supplied by Greece.
Mistral		90 mm		France	Supplied by Qatar.

Artillery and Mortars

Model	Image	Caliber	Type	Origin	Details
Mortars
82-BM-37		82 mm	Infantry mortar	Soviet Union
2B9M Vasilek[94]		82 mm	Gun-mortar	Soviet Union	Possible Chinese copy (W99). At least one in use by Ansar al-Sham. Unclear origin. Also being used by Syrian Turkmen Brigade.[73][94]
M1938 mortar		120 mm	Infantry mortar	Soviet Union
120-PM-43 mortar		120 mm	Infantry mortar	Soviet Union
Improvised mortars		Various	Improvised mortar	/ Syria
Field artillery
10.5 cm leFH 18M		105 mm	Howitzer	Nazi Germany
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)		122mm	Howitzer	Soviet Union	Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
D-30[95]		122 mm	Howitzer	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army
"Hell cannon"[96]		Various	Improvised howitzer	Syria	Improvised howitzer that fires propane gas cylinders. Originated with the Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades, now used widely.
M-46[43]		130 mm	Field gun	Soviet Union
180 mm gun S-23[97]		180mm	Heavy Gun	Soviet Union	Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh
152 mm howitzer 2A65		152mm	Howitzer	Soviet Union
Self-propelled artillery
2S1 Gvozdika[98]		122 mm	Self propelled howitzer	Soviet Union	Armed with D-30 howitzer.
2S3 Akatsiya[99]		152.4 mm	Self propelled howitzer	Soviet Union	Armed with D-22 howitzer.
Recoilless rifles
B-10[100] Type 65		82 mm	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union  People's Republic of China	Chinese copy of B-10.
M60[56]			Recoilless rifle	Yugoslavia	Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[58]
M40[101]		105 mm	Recoilless rifle	United States	Possible Iranian copy.
Carl Gustav 84mm[102]		84 mm	Recoilless rifle	Sweden
SPG-9[103]		73 mm	Recoilless rifle	Soviet Union
L6 Wombat		120 mm	Recoilless rifle	United Kingdom
Rocket artillery
Type 63[74]		106.7 mm	Multiple rocket launcher	People's Republic of China	Possible Iranian copy.[104]
RAK-12[105][106][107]		128 mm	Multiple rocket launcher	Croatia	Croatian built version of Yugoslavian M-63 Plamen with 12 rocket tubes instead of the original 32. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[58]
Katyusha[108][109][110]			Multiple Rocket Launcher	Soviet Union
BM-21 Grad[111][112]		122 mm	Multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union	Initially captured from the Syrian Army,[113] later supplied by Saudi Arabia from Bulgaria and Poland.[114]
Grad-P		122 mm	Light portable rocket system	Soviet Union
Improvised rocket launchers[60]		Various	Rocket launcher	/ Syria
Khaibar		302 mm	Multiple rocket launcher	People's Republic of China Syria

Tanks and armoured vehicles

Model	Image	Type	Origin	Details
T-54[115]		Medium tank Main battle tank	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army, at least one operated by the al-Tawhid Brigade and the Conquest Brigade as of September 2013.
T-55 [116]		Medium tank Main battle tank	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army.
T-62[117]		Main battle tank	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army.
T-72[118]		Main battle tank	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army. At least 8 operated by Jaysh al-Islam. Liwa Dawood had another 6, now owned by ISIL.[119]
T-90[120]		Main battle tank	Russia	1 operated by Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, captured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-1		Infantry fighting vehicle	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army.
BVP-1 AMB-S [121]		Field ambulance	Czechoslovakia	Captured from the Syrian Army.
BMP-2		Infantry fighting vehicle	Soviet Union	Two BMP-2s were captured from Syrian Army when FSA overran Aleppo's Infantry School and another was destroyed in the fight for Aleppo's Central Prison.[122]
BTR-60PB[123]		Wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army.
BRDM-2[124]		Amphibious armoured scout car	Soviet Union	Captured from the Syrian Army.
Humvee[54]		Armored car	United States	some captured from ISIS and YPG/SDF.
Improvised fighting vehicles		Improvised fighting vehicle	Syrian opposition	Examples are the Sham 1 armored pickup truck and the Sham 2 armored car used by the Al-Ansar Brigade.[125]
Safir		Off-road military light utility vehicle	Iran

References