List of honours of Estonia awarded to heads of state and royalty
This article serves as an index – as complete as possible – of all the honorific orders or similar decorations awarded by Estonia, classified by Monarchies chapter and Republics chapter, and, under each chapter, recipients' countries and the detailed list of recipients.
Awards
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png)
Estonia
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png)
- President Lennart Meri (1992-2001): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (10.09.1995, serie 5 - n° ?)
- President Arnold Rüütel (2001–2006): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (08.10.2001, serie 270 - n° 1138)
- President Toomas Hendrik Ilves (2006-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (09.10.2006, serie 692 - n° 1071)
MONARCHIES
- European monarchies
![United Kingdom](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png)
British Royal Family
![United Kingdom](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png)
Queen Elizabeth II: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (19.10.2006, serie 693 - n° 2) [1]
![Norway](../I/m/Flag_of_Norway.svg.png)
Norwegian Royal Family
![Norway](../I/m/Flag_of_Norway.svg.png)
See also decorations pages (mark °): Harald, Sonja, Haakon, Mette-Marit, Mârtha Louise, Astrid & Ragnhild
- Harald V of Norway: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana ° (31.08.1998, serie 75 - n° 397) [2]
- Queen Sonja of Norway: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana° (24.08.1998) [3]
- Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana ° (02.04.2002) [4]
- Mette-Marit, Crown Princess of Norway: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana° (02.04.2002) [5]
![Sweden](../I/m/Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png)
Swedish Royal Family
![Sweden](../I/m/Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png)
They have been awarded :[6][7]
- Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11/09/1995, serie 11 - n° 608) [8] - Collar of the Order of the White Star (18/01/2011)[9]
- Queen Silvia of Sweden :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana(11/09/1995) [10] - Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (18/01/2011)[11]
- Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11/09/1995) [12] - Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (18/01/2011) [13]
- Prince Daniel, Duke of Västergötland: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (18/01/2011)[14]
- Prince Carl Philip, Duke of Värmland: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (18/01/2011)[15]
- Prince Bertil, Duke of Halland († 1997): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11/09/1995) [16]
- Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland († 2013): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11/09/1995) [17]
![Denmark](../I/m/Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png)
Danish Royal Family
![Denmark](../I/m/Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png)
See also decorations pages (click on "Decorations"): Margrethe - Henrik - Frederik - Mary - Joachim - Marie - Benedikte
- Margrethe II of Denmark: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (28/11/1995, serie 23 - n° 640) [18]
- Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (28/11/1995) [19]
- Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (28/11/1995) [20]
![Netherlands](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png)
Dutch Royal Family
![Netherlands](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png)
- Princess Beatrix of the Netherlands: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (14.05.2008, serie 824 - n° 280) [21]
![Belgium](../I/m/Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
Belgian Royal Family
![Belgium](../I/m/Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png)
King & Queen's state visit in Estonia (10 - 12/06/2008)[22]
- King Albert II: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (10.06.2008, serie 837 - n° 290) [23]
- Queen Paola: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (2008) [24]
![Luxembourg](../I/m/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png)
Luxembourgish Grand-Ducal Family
![Luxembourg](../I/m/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png)
- Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (05.05.2003, serie 416 - n° 332) [25]
![Spain](../I/m/Flag_of_Spain.svg.png)
Spanish Royal Family
![Spain](../I/m/Flag_of_Spain.svg.png)
- Juan Carlos I of Spain: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (09.07.2007 serie 741 - n° 168)[26]
- Queen Sofía of Spain: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana[26]
- Felipe, Prince of Asturias: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (July 2007) [27]
- Letizia, Princess of Asturias: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (July 2007) [28]
![Monaco](../I/m/Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png)
Monegasque Princely Family
![Monaco](../I/m/Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png)
To be complete if any ...
![Liechtenstein](../I/m/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png)
Liechtenstein's Princely Family
![Liechtenstein](../I/m/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png)
To be complete if any ...
- Asian monarchies
![Japan](../I/m/Flag_of_Japan.svg.png)
Japanese Imperial Family
![Japan](../I/m/Flag_of_Japan.svg.png)
- Emperor Akihito: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24/05/2007, serie 740 - n° 150)[29]
REPUBLICS
The recipients are :[30][31][32]
- Republics of Europe
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png)
Bulgaria
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png)
- President Georgi Parvanov (2002-2012): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11.06.2003, serie n° 435 - decision n° 414)
- Zorka Petrova Parvanova, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (11.06.2003, serie n° 436 - decision n° 414)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png)
Cyprus
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Cyprus.svg.png)
- President Tassos Papadopoulos (2003–2008): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (08.01.2004, serie n° 449 - decision n° 451)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png)
Czech Republic
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png)
- President Václav Havel (1993–2003): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.02.1997, serie n° 37 - decision n° 725)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Finland.svg.png)
Finland
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Finland.svg.png)
- President Mauno Henrik Koivisto (1982–1994): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.11.2001, serie n° 271 - decision n° 30)
- Tellervo Koivisto, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.11.2001, serie n° 272 - decision n° 30)
- President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16.05.1995, serie n° 1 - decision n° 547)
- Eeva Hyvärinen, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16.05.1995, serie n° 2 - decision n° 547)
- President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16.05.2000, serie n° 123 - decision n° 788)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (14.03.2007, serie n° 2572 - decision n° 137)
- Pentti Arajärvi, her husband :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16.05.2000, serie n° 124 - decision n° 788)
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (14.03.2007, serie n° 2573 - decision n° 137)
- President Sauli Niinistö (2012–): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (09.05.2014, serie n° 1150 - decision n° 429)
- Jenni Haukio, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (09.05.2014, serie n° 1151 - decision n° 429)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_France.svg.png)
France
![](../I/m/Flag_of_France.svg.png)
- President Jacques Chirac (1995-2007): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (23.07.2001, serie n° 243 - decision n° 1124)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png)
Georgia
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Georgia.svg.png)
- President Mikheil Saakashvili: Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.05.2007, serie n° 739 - decision n° 148)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Germany.svg.png)
Germany
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Germany.svg.png)
- President Roman Herzog (1994–1999): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.03.2001, serie n° 104 - decision n° 730)
- President Johannes Rau (1999-2004): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.11.2000, serie n° 131 - decision n° 914)
- Christina Rau, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.11.2000, serie n° 132 - decision n° 914)
- President Joachim Gauck (from 2012): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (03.07.2013, serie n° 1087 - decision n° 305)
- Daniela Schadt, his partner: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (09.07.2013, serie n° 1088 - decision n° 305)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Greece.svg.png)
Greece
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Greece.svg.png)
- President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos (1995–2005): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.05.1999, serie n° 99 - decision n° 586)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png)
Hungary
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png)
- President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (13.05.1997, serie n° 49 - decision n° 134)
- President Ferenc Mádl (2000–2005) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.12.2000, serie n° 177 - decision n° 944)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (11.09.2002, serie n° 1247 - decision n° 227)
- Dalma Némethy, his wife :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.12.2000, serie n° 178 - decision n° 944)
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (11.09.2002, serie n° 1248 - decision n° 227)
- President László Sólyom (2005–2010) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (27.03.2006, serie n° 688 - decision n° 994)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (05.10.2009, serie n° 2747 - decision n° 528)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png)
Iceland
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Iceland.svg.png)
- President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson (1996-incumbent) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (08.06.1998, serie n° 73 - decision n° 351)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (04.05.2004, serie n° 1662 - decision n° 622)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png)
Ireland
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png)
- President Mary McAleese (1997–2011): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.05.2001, serie n° 241 - decision n° 1057)
- Martin McAleese, her husband: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.05.2001, serie n° 242 - decision n° 1057)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Italy.svg.png)
Italy
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Italy.svg.png)
- President Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (22.05.1997, serie n° 51 - decision n° 144)
- President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.04.2004, serie n° 498 - decision n° 581)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png)
Latvia
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png)
- President Guntis Ulmanis (1993–1999) :Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (23.10.1996, serie n° 39 - decision n° 6)
- President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999-2007) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (02.05.2000, serie n° 121 - decision n° 780)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (07.12.2005, serie n° 1914 - decision n° 937)
- Imants Freibergs, her husband :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (02.05.2000, serie n° 122 - decision n° 780)
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (07.12.2005, serie n° 1915 - decision n° 937)
- President Valdis Zatlers (2007–2011): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.04.2009, serie n° 872 - decision n° 460)
- Lilita Zatlere, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.04.2009, serie n° 873 - decision n° 460)
- President Andris Bērziņš (2011-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (05.06.2012, serie n° 1001 - decision n° 99)
- Dace Seisuma, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (05.06.2012, serie n° 1002 - decision n° 99)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png)
Lithuania
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png)
- President Algirdas Brazauskas (1993–1998): * Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.08.1997, serie n° 55 - decision n° 177)
- President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003, 2004–2009) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.09.1999, serie n° 102 - decision n° 632)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (04.10.2004, serie n° 1663 - decision n° 693)
- Alma Adamkienė, his wife :
- President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (27.05.2013, serie n° 1045 - decision n° 266)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Malta.svg.png)
Malta
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Malta.svg.png)
- President Guido de Marco (1999–2004) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (02.05.2001, serie n° 233 - decision n° 1049)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (01.10.2003, serie n° 1414 - decision n° 445)
- Violet de Marco, his wife :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (02.05.2001, serie n° 234 - decision n° 1049)
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (01.10.2003, serie n° 1415 - decision n° 445)
- President Eddie Fenech Adami (2004–2009), when Prime Minister: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (01.10.2003, serie n° 440 - decision n° 445)
- President George Abela (2009-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (31.05.2012, serie n° 988 - decision n° 98)
- Margaret Abela, his wife : Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (31.05.2012, serie n° 989 - decision n° 98)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Poland.svg.png)
Poland
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Poland.svg.png)
- President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (23.02.2006, serie n° 636 - n°976)
- President Aleksander Kwaśniewski :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (28.04.1998, serie n° 72 - decision n° 320)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (18.03.2002, serie n° 1193 - decision n° 121)
- Jolanta Kwaśniewska, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (18.03.2002, serie n° 337 - n°121)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png)
Portugal
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png)
- President Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006) :
- Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.05.2003, serie n° 417 - decision n° 408)
- Collar of the Order of the White Star (28.11.2005, serie n° 1892 - decision n° 936)
- Maria José Rodrigues Ritta, his wife :
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.05.2003, serie n° 418 - decision n° 408)
- Recipient First Class of the Order of the White Star (28.11.2005, serie n° 1893 - decision n° 936)
- President Aníbal Cavaco Silva (2006-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (24.09.2008, serie n° 783 - decision n° 269)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Romania.svg.png)
Romania
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Romania.svg.png)
- President Ion Iliescu (1989–96, 2000–04): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (23.10.2003, serie n° 446 - decision n° 451)
- President Traian Băsescu (2004-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.04.2011, serie n° 968 - decision n° 881)
- Maria Băsescu, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.04.2011, serie n° 969 - decision n° 881)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png)
Slovakia
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png)
- President Ivan Gašparovič (2004-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (12.10.2005, serie n° 599 - decision n° 896)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png)
Slovenia
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png)
- President Milan Kučan (1991-2002): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (16.05.1997, serie n° 50 - decision n° 134)
- Republics of the Middle East
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png)
Turkey
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png)
- President Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.05.1997, serie n° 52 - decision n° 144)
- President Ahmet Necdet Sezer (2000–07): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (18.04.2002, serie n° 377 - decision n° 141)
- Republics of the Far East
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png)
Kazakhstan
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png)
- President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1990-incumbent): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (20.04.2011, serie n° 970 - decision n° 885)
- Republics of America
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png)
Mexico
![](../I/m/Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png)
- President Ernesto Zedillo (1994-2000): Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (27.10.1995, serie n° 22 - decision n° 624)
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)
United States of America
![](../I/m/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png)
- President Gerald Ford (1974–1977): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (07.01.1997, serie n° 29 - decision n° 683)
- President George H. W. Bush (1989-1993): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (15.09.2005, serie n° 524 - decision n° 775)
- President Bill Clinton (1993-2001): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (06.02.2006, serie n° 634 - decision n° 976)
- Hillary Clinton, his wife: Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (06.02.2013, serie n° 1035 - decision n° 224)
- President George W. Bush (2001–2009): Recipient First Class of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (01.02.2012, serie n° 973 - decision n° 48)
See also
- List of honours of the Estonian Presidents by country
References
- ↑ "President Ilves õhtusöögil Saksamaa Liitvabariigi presidendi Joachim Gauck'i riigivisiidi puhul Tallinna Lennusadamas 9. juulil 2013" [The President of the Republic greeted Queen Elizabeth II] (Press release) (in Estonian). Office of the President. 19 October 2008. Retrieved 12 August 2013.
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Harald V
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kuninganna Sonja
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kroonprints Haakon
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kroonprintsess Mette Marit
- ↑ Swedish Royal Website (Swedish), Gala dinner with photos 1-6-7
- ↑ "Noblesse et Royautés" website Archived 2011-01-23 at the Wayback Machine. (French), State visit of Estonian presidential couple in Sweden (18-20/01/2011)
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Carl XVI Gustaf
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Carl XVI Gustaf
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kuninganna Silvia
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Silvia
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kroonprintsess Victoria
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Victoria
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Daniel, Retrieved 19 January 2011.
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Carl Philip
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Prints Bertil
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Printsess Lilian
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kuninganna Margrethe II
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Prints Hendrik
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Kroonprints Frederik
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Beatrix Hollandi kuninganna
- ↑ Belga Pictures, Photo 1, Photo 2 Archived 2012-04-25 at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Albert II
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Paola
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Henri, 05/05/2003
- 1 2 "Noblesse et Royautes" Archived 2013-07-01 at the Wayback Machine. (French), State visit of Spain in Estonia, May 2009
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Felipe
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Letizia
- ↑ Official website of the President of Estonia (Estonian), Estonian State Decorations - Akihito
- ↑ Estonian Presidency, Terra Mariana, Collars (Maarjamaa Risti ketiklassi teenetemärk). Retrieved 03 October 2013
- ↑ Estonian Presidency, Recipients First Class (Maarjamaa Risti I klassi teenetemärk). Retrieved 03 October 2013
- ↑ Estonian Presidency, White Star, Collars (Valgetähe ketiklassi teenetemärk). Retrieved 15 October 2013