List of doping cases in sport by substance
This is a list of doping in sport cases, or known cases of performance-enhancing substance use by professional athletes.
Anabolic steroids
Boldenone undecylenate
- Baseball: Boldenone is among the substances banned by Major League Baseball, as well as most other major athletic organizations. Los Angeles Angels minor league outfielder Reynaldo Ruiz in September 2010[1] and Philadelphia Phillies minor league pitcher San Lazaro Solano in January 2011[2] each received a 50-game suspension for the 2011 season as a result of testing positive for a metabolite of boldenone. Jenrry Mejia, formerly of the New York Mets, was suspended in July 2015 when he tested positive for boldenone and stanozolol, and in February 2016 he again tested positive for boldenone; this marked Mejia's third positive test for a performance-enhancing drug, for which he received the first PED-related lifetime ban in MLB history.[3] Abraham Almonte was suspended for 80 games before the 2016 season after testing positive for boldenone.[4]
- Mixed martial arts: Stephan Bonnar and Josh Barnett, mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters from the UFC and PRIDE Fighting Championships, have also tested positive for the banned substance.[5] After the World Extreme Cagefighting show on January 20, 2006 Muay Thai turned MMA fighter Kit Cope also tested positive for boldenone.[6] Following the Strikeforce card on June 22, 2007 former PRIDE and UFC fighter Phil Baroni tested positive for boldenone, as well as stanozolol.[7] At a K-1 WGP event in Las Vegas on August 17, 2007 two fighters, Rickard Nordstrand and Zabit Samedov, both tested positive for boldenone.[8] Alexandre Franca Nogueira tested positive for boldenone in July 2008.[9] Antonio Silva tested positive for boldenone after his July 26, 2008 fight against Justin Eilers in the EliteXC promotion. Silva was suspended by the California State Athletic Commission for a year and fined $2500.[10]
- Australian Football League: Justin Charles, a former minor league baseball player with the Florida Marlins, of Richmond FC tested positive for the substance in 1997 and was suspended for 16 matches.[11]
- Major League Soccer: Jon Conway (goal keeper) and Jeff Parke (defender) of the New York Red Bulls both tested positive for the substance in 2008 and were suspended 10 games and fined 10% of their annual income. They are also the first to violate MLS drug policy.[12]
- Horse racing: Leading horse trainer Gai Waterhouse was fined $10,000 after being found guilty on May 15, 2008 of presenting a horse to the races with a prohibited substance in its system. Her horse Perfectly Poised was found to have traces of the banned substance boldenone in its system after finishing second at Canterbury in April 2007.[13]
Metandienone
- Several successful athletes and professional bodybuilders have admitted long-term metandienone use before the drug was banned, including Arnold Schwarzenegger.[14][15]
Metenolone esters
- Barry Bonds allegedly tested positive with metenolone enanthate in 2000 and 2001.[16]
- In February 2009, Sports Illustrated reported that Alex Rodriguez tested positive for two AAS, testosterone and metenolone enanthate, while playing for the Texas Rangers in 2003. He claims to have purchased them over the counter, in the Dominican Republic. However, "boli," as he referred to it, is an illegal substance in the Dominican Republic.[17][16] In an interview with ESPN two days after the SI revelations, Rodriguez admitted to using banned substances from 2001 to 2003, citing "an enormous amount of pressure to perform," but said he had not since then used banned performance-enhancing substances.[18][19] He said he did not know the name(s) of the particular substance(s) he was using, and would not specify whether he took them in injectable form.[18]
- Belarusian shot putter Nadzeya Ostapchuk was stripped of her gold medal after testing positive for metenolone at the London 2012 Olympic Games.[20]
- In February 2013, Hedo Türkoğlu of the Orlando Magic was suspended for 20 games without pay by the league after testing positive for metenolone.[21]
- In December 2013, Natalia Volgina was stripped of her 2013 Old Mutual Two Oceans Marathon title and received a two-year competition ban, subsequent to a final guilty verdict for using metenolone.[22]
- The infamous "duchess" cocktail allegedly administered to Russian athletes at the Sochi Winter Olympics consisted of oxandrolone, a metenolone ester, and a trenbolone ester.[23]
Nandrolone esters
- In November 1994, South Africa's Jamie Bloem was the first rugby league footballer to test positive for nandrolone. He was banned for two years.[24]
- Spain's Pep Guardiola tested positive for nandrolone while playing for Brescia.[25]
- Petr Korda tested positive for nandrolone after his 1998 Wimbledon quarter final match against Tim Henman. Korda was banned from tennis for one year from September 1999.[26]
- Roger Clemens, who was a member of the 2000 World Series winning New York Yankees, was reported to have been injected with nandrolone (Deca-Durabolin) by major league strength coach Brian McNamee during the 2000 baseball season.[27]
- ATP Tennis Pro Guillermo Coria tested positive for nandrolone in 2001, causing him to be suspended for 6 months from the sport[28]
- UFC Hall of Famer Royce Gracie tested positive for nandrolone after defeating his longtime rival Kazushi Sakuraba at K-1 Dynamite!! USA in 2007. He was fined $2,500 and suspended for the remainder of his license.[29]
- Shoaib Akhtar, a Pakistani cricketer, was given a two-year ban in 2006 for testing positive for nandrolone. Shoaib was sent back to Pakistan and missed out competing for the Champions Trophy. The verdict, however, was overturned by a three-man tribunal a month later.[30]
- Sean Sherk, former UFC Lightweight Champion, tested positive for nandrolone following his title defence to Hermes Franca at UFC 73. Franca also tested positive for nandrolone. Sherk passed a lie detector test claiming that he did not knowingly take AAS but the UFC still stripped Sherk of the lightweight title.[31]
- Linford Christie, a British sprinter and 1992 Olympic gold medalist, tested positive for nandrolone in 1999.[32]
- Former Maryland Terrapin and NBA player Juan Dixon tested positive for use of this drug in 2009, which earned him a suspension by the International Basketball Federation.[33]
- In September 2010, Baltimore Orioles minor league shortstop Alfredo Zambrano received a 50-game suspension for the 2011 season as a result of testing positive for metabolites of nandrolone.[1]
- Indian athlete Rani Yadav and Sri Lankan boxer Manju Wanniarachchi tested positive for nandrolone at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.[34]
- British tennis player Greg Rusedski tested positive for nandrolone in January 2004,[35] but was cleared of the charges in a hearing on 10 March 2004.[36]
- In August 2014, New York Mets minor league right handed pitcher Derrick Bernard received a 62-game suspension as a result of testing positive for metabolites of nandrolone.[37]
- In April 2017, Pittsburgh Pirates center fielder Starling Marte received an 80-game suspension for a positive test result of nandrolone.[38]
Oxandrolone
- The infamous "duchess" cocktail allegedly administered to Russian athletes at the Sochi Winter Olympics consisted of oxandrolone, a metenolone ester, and a trenbolone ester.[23]
Stanozolol
- Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medal in the 100 meter sprint at the 1988 Summer Olympics when he tested positive for stanozolol after winning the final.[39]
- Olimpiada Ivanova was stripped of her silver medal in the 10 kilometer walk at the 1997 World Championships in Athletics after she had tested positive for stanozolol, and she was banned for two years.[40]
- Australian National Rugby League footballer Rodney Howe was banned for 22 matches in 1998 for using stanozolol.[41]
- Vita Pavlysh was stripped of her gold medal in shot put at the 1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships after she had tested positive for stanozolol. 5 years later at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships in Budapest, Hungary, she won the title again only to fail the drug test for the same reason. She was again stripped of her title and banned from athletics for life.[42]
- Liudmyla Blonska, a Ukrainian heptathlete, tested positive for traces of stanozolol shortly after finishing thirteenth at the 2002 European Championships in Athletics and in June 2003 was handed a two-year ban, whereafter she returned to the sport.[43] At the 2008 Beijing Games, she was stripped of a silver medal and given a lifetime ban after testing positive for stanozolol again.[44]
- Rafael Palmeiro was suspended 10 days from Major League Baseball on August 1, 2005, after testing positive for steroids.[45] According to the published report in The New York Times, stanozolol was the steroid detected in Palmeiro's system. This came not long after he testified before the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on steroid usage in baseball, and he denied ever using steroids.
- Barry Bonds is accused of using stanozolol in Game of Shadows, a book by Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams. The accusations were first aired on 7 March 2006 by Sports Illustrated, which published excerpts from the book.[46]
- Salvador Carmona, footballer, tested positive for stanozolol in 2005 and 2006. He was banned for life by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) due to repeated drug offences. Tribunal Arbitral du Sport.[47]
- Magnus Hedman, footballer, was charged and convicted by Swedish court in June 2009 when he tested positive for stanozolol. At the time he was a "ambassador" for Swedish anti-steroid organization Ren Idrott ("Clean Sports") and sports commentator for Swedish TV4. He lost both assignments as a consequence.[48]
- Phil Baroni, former UFC and PRIDE Fighting Championship fighter, tested positive for stanozolol following his June 22, 2007 fight against Frank Shamrock at Strikeforce: Judgment Day.[49]
- K-1's 2007 World Grand Prix in Las Vegas finalist Zabit Samedov tested positive for stanozolol following the August 11, 2007 event.[50]
- Roger Clemens was reported to have been injected with stanozolol (Winstrol) by major league strength coach Brian McNamee during the 1998 baseball season.[27]
- 2008 Triple Crown hopeful Big Brown was reported to have been injected with Winstrol, which is legal in some states in US horse racing, by trainer Richard E. Dutrow, Jr. [51]
- Chris Leben, mixed martial artist, tested positive for the substance after UFC 89 where he was defeated by Michael Bisping and was suspended for 9 months.[52]
- Kirill Sidelnikov, mixed martial artist, tested positive for the substance after Affliction: Day of Reckoning where he was defeated by Paul Buentello and was suspended for 1 year and fined $2,500.[53]
- Tim Sylvia, mixed martial artist, tested positive for the drug stanozolol after a Nevada State Athletic Commission test. As a result, Sylvia was stripped of his title, served a 6-month suspension, and was fined $10,000. Sylvia has stated that he used the drug to shed excess body fat and lose weight.[54]
- Cristiane Justino tested positive for AAS and as a result of the banned substance, her fight against Hiroko Yamanaka result has been changed to a "No Contest" while Cristiane has had her license suspended and was fined $2500.[55]
- Hysen Pulaku, an Albanian weightlifter, was expelled from the 2012 Olympics after testing positive for stanozolol.[56]
- Zane Botha, a South African rugby player, was banned from competing in rugby for two years in January 2013 after testing positive for stanozolol.[57]
- David Rollins, Seattle Mariners pitcher, was suspended for 80 games in 2015 after testing positive for stanozolol.[58]
- Ervin Santana, Minnesota Twins pitcher, was suspended for 80 games without pay in 2015 after testing positive for stanozolol.[59]
- Jenrry Mejía, New York Mets pitcher, was suspended for 80 games without pay early in 2015 after testing positive for stanozolol, and another 162 later in the season after a second positive test.[60][61]
- Sheila Ocasio, Puerto Rican volleyball player, tested positive[62] before the bronze medal match lost 1-3 to by her national team to the Dominican Republic in the 2015 Pan American Games[63] and could not play that game.[64]
- Mauricio Fiol, Peruvian swimmer, tested positive for stanozolol after winning the silver medal in the 200-metre butterfly at the 2015 Pan American Games. He was stripped of his medal and disqualified from competing in the 2016 Olympics by FINA.[65]
- Ilya Ilyin, Kaz weightlifter and world record holder tested positive for stanozolol in 2016 after a reanalysis of his B-sample test from the 2012 London Olympics.[66]
- Pradeep Sangwan, Left-arm Medium pace bowler from Delhi tested positive for stanozolol in the 2013 IPL season while playing for the Kolkata Knight Riders franchise in the IPL. He was banned for 18 months.[67]
Trenbolone esters
- The infamous "duchess" cocktail allegedly administered to Russian athletes at the Sochi Winter Olympics consisted of oxandrolone, a metenolone ester, and a trenbolone ester.[23]
Selective androgen receptor modulators
Enobosarm
- In June 2013, professional cyclist Nikita Novikov was provisionally suspended after a possible breach of anti-doping rules, due to a positive A-sample result for enobosarm.[68]
- UFC Fighter Tim Means was pulled from a fight in February 2017 after testing positive for enobosarm in a pre-fight drug screening administered by USADA.[69]
- In June 2015 Azerbaijan's Chaltu Beji tested positive for doping at the 2015 European Games in Baku. The 18-year-old Ethiopian-born Beji tested positive for the banned substance enobosarm in a urine sample with a B sample confirming the result. She won the 3,000-meter steeplechase event despite falling at the last water jump, she was disqualified because of the positive tests.[70]
- In May 2016, Romanian-Canadian professional boxer Lucian Bute, former super middleweight world titleholder, tested positive for enobosarm after his draw against Swedish professional boxer and titleholder Badou Jack on April 30 at the D.C. Armory in Washington, D.C.[71]
- On December 16, 2016, Russian heavyweight boxer Alexandre Povetkin tested positive for enobosarm less than a day before an interim WBC title fight against former WBC champ Bermane Stiverne. The fight, which was scheduled for December 17 in Yekaterinburg, Russia, was cancelled.[72]
- In March 2016, Australian triathlete Lisa Marangon received a 4-year ban ending in March 2020 for use of banned substance enobosarm. American triathlete Ashley Paulson was given a 6-month suspension for use of banned substance enobosarm because officials accepted her contention that the banned drug positive came from a contaminated supplement.[73]
- In February 2017, American triathlete Beth Gerdes was given a 2-year suspension for presence of enobosarm, and American triathlete Lauren Barnett was given a 6-month suspension for the presence of enobosarm. Both triathletes claimed contamination from salt tablet supplements. Lauren Barnett was able to provide tablets and sealed bottle tablets which both tested positive for contamination, thus only the 6-month suspension. The 2-year suspension still stands for Beth Gerdes who provided tablets for testing, but tests showed only low levels of enobosarm not high enough to confirm the finding. .[74]
- In February 2017, UFC light heavyweight Tom Lawlor was suspended for two years following a positive test for enobosarm.[75]
See also
- List of doping cases in sport
- Doping at the Asian Games
- Doping at the Commonwealth Games
- Doping at the Olympics
References
- 1 2 "Three Minor League players suspended". MLB.com. September 30, 2010.
- ↑ "Phillies Minor League Pitcher San Lazaro Solano Suspended". MLB.com. January 20, 2011.
- ↑ "Jenrry Mejia first player to get permanent ban for 3rd positive PED test". ESPN.com. February 13, 2016.
- ↑ "Indians' Almonte suspended 80 games for failed drug test". Yahoo.com. February 26, 2016.
- ↑ Ivan Trembow (2006-11-06). "Bonnar Suspended 9 Months for Steroid Use". MMAWeekly.com. Archived from the original on 2009-08-03. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ↑ Josh Gross (2007-01-20). "Update: Cope Tests Positive for Steroids". Sherdog.com. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ↑ Ken Pishna (2007-07-03). "Breaking News: Phil Baroni Tests Positive". MMAWeekly.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ↑ Brent Brookhouse (2007-08-17). "Two More Positive Drug Tests In Fight World". bloodyelbow.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ "Alexandre Nogueira tests positive for boldenone". Sherdog. 2008-07-08. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
- ↑ "Silva, Dewees test positive". Sherdog. 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
- ↑ Robinson, Mark (2011-06-26). "Charles kept playing after positive test". Retrieved 2017-02-03.
- ↑ "Conway, Parke banned 10 matches for positive drug tests". Espnfc.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ Pandaram, Jamie (2008-05-16). "Fined $10,000, but Waterhouse claims she's been vindicated - Horseracing - Sport". Smh.com.au. Retrieved 2017-02-03.
- ↑ "Interview with Sergio Oliva". Forum.bodybuilding.com. Retrieved 2010-10-18.
- ↑ "Arnold & Steroids: Truth Revealed". Muscleandcuts.com. Retrieved 10 April 2015.
- 1 2 Schmidt, Michael S. (2009-02-07). "Alex Rodriguez Said to Test Positive in 2003". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ↑ "Alex Rodriguez tested positive for steroids in 2003". Sports Illustrated. February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-09. By Selena Roberts and David Epstein.
- 1 2 Gammons, Peter (2009-02-09). "A-Rod admits, regrets use of PEDs". ESPN. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ↑ Schmidt, Michael S. (2009-02-09). "Rodriguez Admits to Using Performance-Enhancing Drugs". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-02-09.
- ↑ "IOC withdraws gold medal from shot put athlete Nadzeya Ostapchuk". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ↑ "Magic's Hedo Turkoglu suspended 20 games". Nba.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
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- 1 2 3 McLaren, Richard. "WADA investigation of Sochi allegations" (PDF). Wada-ama.org. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
- ↑ "Disgraced Hudson faces sack from Bulls". Daily Mail. London. March 10, 2005.
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- 1 2 All-Star Roster Shows Up on Mitchell Report washingtonpost.com, 12-13-2007
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- ↑ "Royce Gracie Suspended, Fined For Steroids | TheSweetScience.com Boxing". Thesweetscience.com. Archived from the original on September 18, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Cricinfo - A tale of intrigue, injuries and incidents". Content-ind.cricinfo.com. January 1, 1970. Retrieved November 9, 2009.
- ↑ "Sean Sherk". Cage Potato. January 1, 1970. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
- ↑ "BBC News - Sport - Christie suspended after drugs shock". News.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Former NBA player banned after steroid test". USA Today. February 13, 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ Indian athlete Rani Yadav fails dope test at Commonwealth Games, The Times of India, October 13, 2010.
- ↑ "news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/3381111.stm". BBC News. January 9, 2004. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
- ↑ "Rusedski cleared: Greg Rusedski has been cleared of a doping offence following his positive test for nandrolone". BBC News. March 10, 2004. Retrieved July 2, 2011.
- ↑ "Mets minor leaguer suspended". Hardballtalk.nbcsports.com. 13 August 2014. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Pirates' Starling Marte suspended 80 games for violating MLB's performance-enhancing drug policy". USAToday.com. Retrieved 19 April 2017.
- ↑ "The most corrupt race ever". Guardian Unlimited. London. August 1, 2004. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ Ivanova Sets First Record in Helsinki The Moscow Times.com, 8-8-2005
- ↑ Hooper, James (5 October 2006). "Webcke defends 'cover-up'". Fox Sports. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
- ↑ WOMEN'S SHOT-PUT CHAMPION BARRED FOR LIFE, The New York Times, June 2, 2004
- ↑ Blonska Thrown Out of Long Jump BBC Sport, August 21, 2008
- ↑ Ukrainian Blonska Given Life Ban BBC Sport, August 29, 2008
- ↑ Jenkins, Lee (August 3, 2005). "Popular Steroid Is at the Center of Palmeiro's Case". The New York Times. Retrieved May 24, 2010.
- ↑ Bonds exposed: Shadows details superstar slugger's steroid use, Sports Illustrated, March 7, 2006
- ↑ "CAS 2006/A/1149 WADA v/ FMF & José Salvador Carmona Alvarez" Archived 2007-08-07 at the Wayback Machine., May 16, 2007 Accessed May 17, 2007
- ↑ Carson, Alan (June 30, 2009). "Ex-Celt ace Hedman faces Steroids rap". The Sun. London. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
- ↑ Ken Pishna (2007-07-03). "Breaking News: Phil Baroni Tests Positive". MMAWeekly.com. Archived from the original on 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2007-07-03.
- ↑ "Two Positive at K-1 World GP Vegas". Nokaut. August 17, 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
- ↑ Bossert, Jerry; Red, Christian (May 16, 2008). "Big Brown's legal doping a concern". Daily News. New York.
- ↑ "Chris Leben fails UFC Drug Test". Mma-live.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Sidelnikov Suspended for Steroid Use". Sherdog.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Sylvia Comes Clean". Sherdog.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-01-09. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
- ↑ "Pulaku fails drugs test". 1.skysports.com. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Tuks star banned for doping". Sport24.co.za. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Mariners' David Rollins suspended for 80 games". Seattletimes.com. 27 March 2015. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-18. Retrieved 2015-04-03.
- ↑ "Mets pitcher Jenrry Mejia hit with 80-game ban for PEDs". Daily News. New York. April 11, 2015.
- ↑ Puma, Mike (July 28, 2015). "Mets' Jenrry Mejia banned 162 games after 2nd failed PED test". The New York Post.
- ↑ Brown, Andy (2015-09-10). "PASO confirms six more Toronto 2015 positives". The Sports Integrity Initiative. Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- ↑ "Dominicanas ganan bronce en voleibol de Toronto-2015" [Dominicans won bronze in volleyball at Toronto 2015] (in Spanish). Prensa Latina. 2015-07-25. Retrieved 2015-07-26.
- ↑ Aguirregomezcorta (2015-07-26). "Sheila Ocasio da positivo por dopaje" [Sheila Ocasio tested positive for doping] (in Spanish). Retrieved 2015-11-13.
- ↑ "Peru swimmer barred from 2016 Olympics for doping". Peru Reports. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
- ↑ "PUBLIC DISCLOSURES | International Weightlifting Federation". Iwf.net. Retrieved 2016-06-16.
- ↑ "BCCI Anti-Doping tribunal bans Pradeep Sangwan". The Hindu. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
- ↑ http://www.vacansoleildcm.co.uk/nieuws/nikita-novikov-provisionally-suspended-after-possible-breach-of-anti-doping-rules.html
- ↑ http://mmajunkie.com/2016/02/tim-means-pulled-from-ufc-fight-night-83-headliner-after-failed-usada-test
- ↑ http://www.dpa-international.com/news/sports2/azerbaijans-beji-fails-doping-test-at-european-games-a-45758559.html
- ↑ http://espn.go.com/boxing/story/_/id/15751796/lucian-bute-tested-positive-draw-vs-badou-jack
- ↑ "Russian boxer Povetkin tests positive, fight with Canadian Stiverne cancelled – WBC". RT International. Retrieved 2016-12-17.
- ↑ http://www.slowtwitch.com/Features/2016_Triathlon_Year_in_Review_6159.html
- ↑ http://triathlonmagazine.ca/feature/two-american-pro-triathletes-reveal-doping-violations-today/
- ↑ http://mmajunkie.com/2017/02/tom-lawlor-gets-2-year-suspension-from-usada-for-ostarine
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