List of Soviet Union military equipment of World War II

The following is a list of Soviet military equipment of World War II which includes artillery, vehicles and vessels. World War II was the deadliest war in history which started in 1939 and ended in 1945. Following political instability built-up in Europe from 1930, Germany, which aimed to dominate Europe, attacked Poland on the 1st of September 1939, marking the start of World War II. The USSR (Soviet Union) joined the attack on Poland from 17th September 1939. The war in Europe ended on 8th May 1945 with the capitulation of Germany to the allied (including Soviet) forces.

Knife

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
NR-40	Knife	Soviet Union		Soviet combat knife that was produced after the Winter War in 1940.

Small arms

Pistols (manual and semi-automatic)

Name	Type	Cartridge	Origin	Photo	Notes
Nagant M1895	Revolver	7.62×38mmR	Russian Empire		7-round cylinder.
Tokarev TT-33	Semi-automatic pistol	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union		8-round magazine. Widely used by officers, did not fully replace the Nagant M1895.
Mauser C96	Semi-automatic pistol	7.63×25mm Mauser	German Empire		10-round internal magazine. Small amount captured from German forces.

Rifles, sniper rifles and battle rifles

Name	Type	Cartridge	Origin	Photo	Notes
Mosin–Nagant M1891/30	Bolt-action rifle / Sniper rifle (with 3.5× PU scope attached)	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		5-round internal magazine. Most widely used bolt-action rifle by the Red Army.
Mosin–Nagant M1938 Carbine	Bolt-action rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		5-round internal magazine.
Mosin–Nagant M1944 Carbine	Bolt-action rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		5-round internal magazine.
Tokarev SVT-38	Semi-automatic rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		10-round magazine.
Tokarev SVT-40	Semi-automatic rifle / Sniper rifle (with 3.5× PU scope attached)	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		10-round magazine. Most widely used semi-automatic rifle by the Red Army.
Federov Avtomat	Battle rifle	6.5×50mmSR Arisaka	Russian Empire		25-round magazine. Deployed during the Winter War from stockpiles due to a shortage of submachine guns.[1]
Simonov AVS-36	Battle rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		15-round magazine. Produced from 1934-1940, it was mostly withdrawn in 1941 due to issues. Used primarily during the Winter War.
Tokarev AVT-40	Battle rifle	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		10-round magazine. Modified SVT-40 with a different firing selector. Produced from May 1942 until halted in the summer of 1943 due to mostly uncontrollable automatic fire and breakage.

Submachine guns

Name	Type	Cartridge	Origin	Photo	Notes
PPD-34	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union		25-round magazine. Based and adapted from the Suomi KP/-31, was not produced in larger quantities until 1937-1939.
PPD-34/38 / PPD-40	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union		71-round magazine.
PPSh-41	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union		35, 71-round magazine. Most widely used Soviet submachine gun.
PPS-42 / PPS-43	Submachine gun	7.62×25mm Tokarev	Soviet Union		35-round magazine.
Thompson M1928A1	Submachine gun	11.43×23mm (.45 ACP)	United States		20, 30, 50-round magazine. Supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
M50 Reising	Submachine gun	.45 ACP	United States		12, 30-round magazine. Supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.

Machine guns

Name	Type	Cartridge	Origin	Photo	Notes
DP-27 / DP-28	Light machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		47-round magazine. Most widely used light machine gun by the Red Army.
DS-39	Medium machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		250-round belt.
SG-43 Gorunov	Medium machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Soviet Union		200, 250-round belt.
PM M1910	Heavy machine gun	7.62×54mmR	Russian Empire		250-round belt.
DShK 1938	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	Soviet Union		50-round belt.

Explosives, hand-held anti-tank and incendiary weapons

Grenades and grenade launchers

Name	Type	Diameter	Origin	Photo	Notes
Model 1914 grenade	Fragmentation grenade	45mm	Russian Empire		Limited usage during World War II.
F1 grenade	Fragmentation grenade	55mm	Russian Empire		Widely produced grenade. Nicknamed the "limonka" (lemon).
RG-41	Fragmentation grenade	55mm	Soviet Union		5 meter kill radius.
RG-42	Fragmentation grenade	54mm	Soviet Union		Produced in 1942 to replace the complex RGD-33. Soviet partisans made copies of it when they were located behind enemy lines.
RGD-33 grenade	Fragmentation grenade	45mm, 54mm (with fragmentation sleeve)	Soviet Union		10-15 meter kill radius.
RPG-40 / RPG-41	Anti-tank grenade	20 cm	Soviet Union		Effective against tanks up to 20mm of armour.
RPG-43	Anti-tank grenade	95mm	Soviet Union		Improved version of the RPG-40. Effective against tanks up to 75mm of armour.
RPG-6	Anti-tank grenade	103mm	Soviet Union		Improved version of the RPG-43. Effective against tanks up to 100mm of armour.
Dyakonov grenade launcher	Grenade launcher	40.5mm	Soviet Union		Grenade launcher attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifle. There were four other versions of the grenade besides the main high explosive one.

Mines

Name	Type	Detonation	Origin	Photo	Notes
TM-35 mine	Anti-tank mine	Pressure	Soviet Union		2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-41 mine	Anti-tank mine	Pressure	Soviet Union		3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine	Anti-tank mine	Pressure	Soviet Union		5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TMD-40 mine	Anti-tank mine	Pressure	Soviet Union		3.6 kg of Amatol.
TMD-44 / TMD-B mines	Anti-tank mine	Pressure	Soviet Union		9-9.7 kg of Amatol.

Recoilless rifles

Name	Type	Calibre	Origin	Photo	Notes
76 K/DRP	Recoilless rifle	76mm	Soviet Union		Used during the Winter War. It was designed by L.V. Kurchevsky in 1930 and entered service in 1932. It was able to be mounted on GAZ-A trucks, becoming SU-4 self-propelled guns.[2]

Infantry anti-tank rifles and rocket launchers

Name	Type	Calibre	Origin	Photo	Notes
PTRD-41	Anti-tank rifle	14.5×114mm	Soviet Union		Single-shot reloadable rifle.
PTRS-41	Anti-tank rifle	14.5×114mm	Soviet Union		5-round internal magazine.
M1 Bazooka	Recoilless anti-tank rocket launcher	60 mm	United States		Single-shot reloadable launcher. Small amounts supplied by the United States during the Lend-Lease program.
PIAT	Anti-tank projectile launcher	83mm	United Kingdom		Single-shot reloadable launcher. Supplied by the British Empire during the Lend-Lease program.
Panzerschreck	Anti-tank rocket launcher	88mm	Nazi Germany		Single-shot reloadable launcher. Captured from German forces.
Panzerfaust	Anti-tank recoilless gun	149mm	Nazi Germany		Single-shot disposable launcher. Some were captured in 1944, while many were captured in 1945 from retreating German soldiers and Volkssturm.

Flamethrowers and anti-tank incendiaries

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
FOG-2	Flamethrower	Soviet Union		From 1941, around 15,000 were produced and used during World War 2.
ROKS-2 / ROKS-3	Flamethrower	Soviet Union		Produced from 1935-1945. Used also during the Soviet-Finnish War (1941—1944).
Molotov cocktail	Improvised incendiary bottle	Soviet Union		Improvised incendiary bottles that were thrown at armoured vehicles. First widely used by Finnish troops against the Soviets during the Winter War.
Ampulomyot	Incendiary anti-tank ampulla-thrower	Soviet Union		125mm incendiary spherical glass projectile. Use of it was limited in 1941, and became obsolete by 1942.
Zuckermann's bottle-thrower	Incendiary anti-tank bottle launcher	Soviet Union		Attachment for Mosin-Nagant rifles. Special bottles with incendiary mixtures were used. The bottles were produced in 1942, but became obsolete once Red Army troops were equipped with more anti-tank guns and rifles.

Artillery

Light and heavy infantry mortars

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
RM-38	50mm Infantry mortar	Soviet Union		Light infantry mortar.
82-BM-37	82mm Infantry mortar	Soviet Union		Light infantry mortar.
M1938 mortar	120mm Heavy mortar	Soviet Union		Heavy infantry mortar.
107mm M1938 mortar	107mm Infantry mortar	Soviet Union		It was a lighter version of the M1938 mortar made for Soviet mountain troops.

Rocket launchers

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
BM-13 "Katyusha"	132mm Multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union		Most widely used multiple rocket launcher by the Red Army. It became known as "Stalin's organ" by German soldiers.
BM-8	82mm Multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union		Smaller rocket launchers that were mounted on T-40 and T-60 light tanks.
BM-31 "Andryusha"	300mm Multiple rocket launcher	Soviet Union		Heavy rocket launcher with 12 rocket tubes which used the chassis of a ZIS-12 and the American Lend-Lease Studebaker US6 U3 truck.

Vehicular guns

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
45mm 20-K tank gun	45mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		Many tanks and other armoured vehicles later used it as their main armament.
57mm ZiS-4 tank gun	57mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
76.2 mm L-10 tank gun	76mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The main armament of the T-28 tank.
L-11 76.2 mm tank gun	76mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The main armament of the T-34 Model 1940 tank.
F-32 tank gun	76mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The main armament of the KV-1 Model 1940 tank.
F-34 tank gun	76mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The main armament of T-34-76 and KV-1 tanks.
D-10 tank gun	100mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The main armament of the SU-100 tank destroyer.

Field artillery

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
76 mm divisional gun M1902/30	76mm Field gun	Soviet Union
76 mm divisional gun M1936 (F-22	76mm Field gun	Soviet Union		Used during the Winter War.
76 mm divisional gun M1939 (F-22 USV)	76mm Field gun	Soviet Union
76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3)	76mm Field gun	Soviet Union
76 mm mountain gun M1938	76mm Mountain gun	Soviet Union
76 mm regimental gun M1927	76mm Infantry support gun	Soviet Union
76 mm regimental gun M1943	76mm Infantry support gun	Soviet Union
76 mm mountain gun M1909	76mm Mountain gun	France		It became obsolete after it was replaced with several other mountain guns.
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)	100mm Field gun / Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
107 mm divisional gun M1940 (M-60)	107mm Field gun	Soviet Union
107 mm gun M1910/30	107mm Field gun	Soviet Union
122 mm gun M1931 (A-19)	122mm Field gun	Soviet Union
122 mm gun M1931/37 (A-19)	122mm Field gun	Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1909/37	122mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1910/30	122mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)	122mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
152 mm gun M1910/34	152mm Field gun	Soviet Union
152 mm gun M1935 (Br-2)	152mm Heavy gun	Soviet Union		It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Kursk and Battle of the Seelow Heights.
152 mm howitzer M1909/30	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union		Most numerously used 152mm howitzer by the Red Army.
152 mm howitzer M1910/37	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer M1938 (M-10)	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer M1943 (D-1)	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
152 mm howitzer-gun M1937 (ML-20)	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union

Fortress and siege guns

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
152 mm gun M1910/30	152mm Field howitzer	Soviet Union
203 mm howitzer M1931 (B-4)	203mm Heavy howitzer	Soviet Union		It was used by the Red Army in the Battle of Berlin.
210 mm gun M1939 (Br-17)	210mm Heavy howitzer	Soviet Union
305 mm howitzer M1939 (Br-18)	210mm Heavy howitzer	Soviet Union

Anti-tank guns

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
37 mm anti-tank gun M1930 (1-K)	37mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		The gun was closely related to the German PaK 35/36.
45 mm anti-tank gun M1932 (19-K)	45mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
45 mm anti-tank gun M1937 (53-K)	45mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
45 mm anti-tank gun M1942 (M-42)	45mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
57 mm anti-tank gun M1943 (ZiS-2)	57mm Anti-tank gun	Soviet Union
100 mm field gun M1944 (BS-3)	100mm Anti-tank gun / Field gun	Soviet Union

Ground-based anti-aircraft weapons

Light anti-aircraft guns

Name	Type	Calibre	Origin	Photo	Notes
DShK 1938	Heavy machine gun	12.7×108mm	Soviet Union		50-round belt.
25 mm automatic air defense gun M1940 (72-K)	Air-defence gun	25x218mmSR	Soviet Union
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)	Air-defence gun	37×250mmR	Soviet Union		200-rounds.
45 mm anti-aircraft gun (21-K)	Semi-automatic air-defence gun	45×386mmSR	Soviet Union		It was used by the Soviet Navy for most of their ships from 1934 as its primary light anti-aircraft gun until replaced by the fully automatic 37 mm 70-K gun from 1942 to 1943.
37 mm 70-K gun	Automatic air-defence gun	37×250mmR	Soviet Union		Naval version of 37mm M1939 (61-K).

Heavy anti-aircraft guns

Name	Type	Calibre	Origin	Photo	Notes
76 mm air defense gun M1938	Semi-automatic air-defence gun	76.2×558mmR	Soviet Union
85 mm air defense gun M1939 (52-K)	Semi-automatic air-defence gun	85×558mmR	Soviet Union		It was successfully used against level bombers and medium/high altitude targets.

Soviet vehicles

Tankettes

Name	Type	Origin	Quantity	Photo	Notes
T-27	Tankette	Soviet Union	2,157 (1941)		The main armament was the 7.62mm DT light machine gun. Some were captured by Romanian forces.

Tanks

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
T-18 (MS-1)	Light tank	Soviet Union		Based on the French Renault FT tank.
T-26	Light tank	Soviet Union		Interwar period light tank that became the most numerous tank during the German invasion.
T-37A	Amphibious light tank	Soviet Union
T-38	Amphibious light tank	Soviet Union
T-40	Amphibious scout tank	Soviet Union
T-30	Light tank	Soviet Union
T-50	Light infantry tank	Soviet Union
T-60	Light scout tank	Soviet Union		Replacement of the obsolete T-38 and T-30 tanks.
T-70	Light tank	Soviet Union
BT-2	Light cavalry tank	Soviet Union
BT-5	Light cavalry tank	Soviet Union
BT-7	Light cavalry tank	Soviet Union
T-24	Medium tank	Soviet Union
T-28	Medium tank	Soviet Union
T-34-76	Medium tank	Soviet Union		One of the most widely used tanks in the Red Army. 35,120 were produced.
T-34-85	Medium tank	Soviet Union		It was the most influential and produced tank in World War 2. 48,950 were produced.
T-44	Medium tank	Soviet Union
T-35	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		During the war, they were slow and proved to be mechanically unreliable. 61 were produced.
SMK	Heavy tank prototype	Soviet Union		Only one was produced, it was used during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
T-100	Heavy tank prototype	Soviet Union		Two were produced. There were unsuccessful trial uses of it during the Winter War. It was replaced by the KV tank series.
KV-1	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		Known for its strong armour, it became known as the "Russischer Koloss" – "Russian Colossus" by the German Army.
KV-2	Heavy tank / Assault gun	Soviet Union		The main armament was the 152mm howitzer.
KV-85	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		It became the basis for the IS tanks.
IS-1	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		The IS series was a successor to the KV tank series. IS-1 was a prototype version, which had 130 produced.
IS-2	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		3,854 IS-2s were produced.
IS-3	Heavy tank	Soviet Union		2,311 IS-3s were produced.

Tank-based self-propelled guns

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
SU-5-1 / SU-5-2 / SU-5-3	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union		A self-propelled gun that was on the T-26 light tank chassis. SU-5-1 was armed with the 76.2mm divisional gun mod. 1902/30. SU-5-2 was armed with the 122mm howitzer mod. 1910/30.
SU-5-3	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union		It was on the T-26 chassis. Equipped with the 152mm mortar M1931.
SU-14	Self-propelled gun prototype	Soviet Union		One was built as a prototype. The main armament was the 152 mm gun (U-30 or BR-2).
SU-100Y	Self-propelled gun prototype	Soviet Union		One prototype was made, based on the SU-100 tank and was used during the Winter War. The main armament was the 130mm Naval Gun B-13.
SU-26	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union		Equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.
SU-76 / SU-76M	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union		The second most produced Soviet vehicle of World War 2, after the T-34. Equipped with a 76 mm ZIS-3Sh gun.
SU-85	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union
SU-100	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union
SU-122	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union
SU-152	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union
ISU-122	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union
ISU-152	Self-propelled gun	Soviet Union

Light anti-tank self-propelled guns

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
SU-4	Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		On the chassis of an extended GAZ-A. It was equipped with a 76 K/DRP recoilless gun.
SU-12	Wheeled self-propelled anti-tank gun	Soviet Union		On the chassis of a GAZ-AAA. It was equipped with a 76 mm regimental gun M1927.

Tracked anti-aircraft guns

Name	Type	Calibre	Origin	Photo	Notes
SU-11	Self-propelled air-defence gun	37×250mmR	Soviet Union		It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).
ZSU-37	Self-propelled air-defence gun	37×250mmR	Soviet Union		It was equipped with the 37mm automatic air defence gun (61-К).

Armoured cars

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
BA-27	Armoured car	Soviet Union		First Soviet series-produced armoured car. The main armament was the 37mm Puteaux SA 18. Some were captured during the German invasion of the Soviet Union.
D-8	Armoured car	Soviet Union		The main armament was two 7.62 DT light machine guns. It was used during the Winter War.
FAI	Armoured car	Soviet Union		Replacement for the D-8 armoured car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-I	Armoured car	Soviet Union		Its main armament was the 37mm 7K gun. The design of the BA-I started a series of heavy armoured cars of Izhorsky plant. These included: BA-3, BA-6, BA-9, and BA-10.
BA-3	Armoured car	Soviet Union		The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-6	Armoured car	Soviet Union		Very similar to the BA-3. Both were used against the Japanese in the Battle of Khalkhyn Gol, in the Finnish Winter War, and against the Germans in the early stages of the Eastern Front.
BA-10	Armoured car	Soviet Union		The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-11	Armoured car	Soviet Union		The main armament was the 45mm gun 20-K.
BA-20	Armoured car	Soviet Union		Special armored version of the GAZ-M1 passenger car. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.
BA-64	Armoured scout car	Soviet Union		Based and adapted from a captured German SdKfz 221. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.

Half-tracks

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
BA-30	Half-track	Soviet Union		A small number of them were produced. The main armament was the 7.62 DT light machine gun.

Trucks

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
GAZ-AA	Truck	Soviet Union		Soviet produced vehicle licensed from the Ford AA model of 1930.
GAZ-AAA	Truck	Soviet Union
GAZ–MM	Truck	Soviet Union

Passenger/utility vehicles

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
GAZ-64	Light utility vehicle	Soviet Union		2,500 were produced during the war. The focus switched to building armoured BA-64s, with the availability of American made Jeeps.
GAZ-67	Light utility vehicle	Soviet Union
GAZ-M1	Passenger car	Soviet Union

Motorcycles

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
PMZ-A-750	Heavy motorcycle	Soviet Union		The first heavy motorcycle manufactured in the Soviet Union. Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results.
TIZ-AM-600	Heavy motorcycle	Soviet Union		Used during the Winter War with unsatisfactory results, it was considered an outdated design.
M-72	Heavy motorcycle	Soviet Union		Motorcycle meant to replace the PMZ-A-750 and TIZ-AM-600. In the Eastern Front, motorcycles were produced at both the IMZ and GMZ motorcycle plants. All sidecars for both the M-72 and American Lend-Lease bikes were produced at the GMZ.

Tractors & prime movers

Name	Type	Origin	Photo	Notes
S-60	Tractor	Soviet Union		Heavy tractor with a strong engine meant to haul artillery.
S-65	Tractor	Soviet Union		Replacement of the S-60 for towing heavy weapons. Many of these and S-60s were captured by the German Army during their invasion.

Lend-Lease vehicles

Tanks

Name	Type	Origin	Quantity	Photo	Notes
M3A1 (Stuart III)	Light tank	United States	1,233		From 1941-1945, 1,676 were supplied by the United States as a part of the Lend-Lease.[3] 443 were lost at sea.
M5 (Stuart VI)	Light tank	United States	5		5 were supplied.[3]
M24 Chaffee	Light tank	United States	2		2 were supplied in 1944.[3]
M4 Sherman	medium tank	United States	4,102		4,102 were suppiled, of these, 2,007 were the original 75 mm main gun model, 2,095 were with 76 mm tank gun.[4]
Valentine tank	Infantry tank	United Kingdom	3,462		2,074 supplied by the UK, 1,388 supplied by Canada. 320 were lost at sea by both countries.

Tank destroyers

Name	Type	Origin	Quantity	Photo	Notes
T48 Gun Motor Carriage (SU-57)	Tank destroyer	United States	650		650 were supplied.[3] On the chassis of the M3 Half-track equipped with a 57mm gun M1. It was designated as the SU-57 by the Soviet military.

Navy ships and war vessels

• List of ships of the Second World War

Aircraft

Rockets & bombs

• RS-82 (rocket family)

See also

• List of World War II weapons
• List of military vehicles of World War II
• List of British military equipment of World War II
• List of equipment of the United States Army during World War II
• List of German military equipment of World War II
• List of Italian Army equipment in World War II
• List of Japanese military equipment of World War II

References