List of University of Michigan law and government alumni

The parent article is at List of University of Michigan alumni
Academic unit key
SymbolAcademic unit
ARCHTaubman College
BUSRoss School of Business
COECollege of Engineering
DENTSchool of Dentistry
GFSPPGerald R. Ford School of Public Policy
HHRSHorace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies
LAWLaw School
LSACollege of LS&A
MEDMedical School
SMTDSchool of Music, Theatre and Dance
PHARMSchool of Pharmacy
SEDSchool of Education
SNRESchool of Natural Resources
SOADThe Stamps School of Art & Design
SOISchool of Information
SONSchool of Nursing
SOKSchool of Kinesiology
SOSWSchool of Social Work
SPHSchool of Public Health
MDNGMatriculated, did not graduate

This is a partial list of notable alumni in law, government and public policy from the University of Michigan. Please refer also to the below list:

Legislators

Governors

  • Víctor Bravo Ahuja, Mexican politician; academician; Secretary of Public Education in the administration of Luis Echeverría (1970–76); Governor of Oaxaca
  • George Ariyoshi (J.D. 1952), third governor of Hawaii (1974–1986)[32]
  • Diego Enrique Arria Salicetti, Governor of the Federal District of Caracas in the mid-1970s
  • Wilber Marion Brucker (A.B. 1916), 32nd Governor of Michigan 1931–1933; United States Secretary of the Army 1955–1961[33]
  • William John Bulow (LAW: JD 1893), Senator from South Dakota; member of State Senate 1899; mayor of Beresford 1912–1913; county judge of Union County, 1918; Governor of South Dakota 1927–1931; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1930; reelected in 1936 and served 1931–1943; chairman of Committee on the Civil Service (Seventy-third through Seventy-seventh Congresses)[34]
  • David Francis Cargo (BA 1951, MA 1953; LAW: LLB 1957), Governor of New Mexico, 1967–71; New Mexico State House of Representatives Albuquerque (1963–67)[35]
  • Fenimore Chatterton, Republican, governor of Wyoming (1903–1905)[36]
  • John Cherry (MPA 1984), Lt. Governor of Michigan; former state senator
  • Chase Addison Clark, Democrat, governor of Idaho (1941–1943)[37]
  • William Comstock (A.B. 1899), 33rd Governor of Michigan[38]
  • Thomas Cuming (A.B. 1845) military officer; first Secretary of Nebraska Territory; twice was the territory's acting Governor, after the death of Francis Burt and after the resignation of Mark W. Izard
  • Cushman Kellogg Davis (AB 1857), governor of Minnesota (1874–1876); U.S. Senator (1887–1900)[39]
  • Thomas E. Dewey (B.A. 1923), governor of New York (1943–1954); unsuccessfully ran as Republican nominee for President in 1944 and 1948[40]
  • Frank Emerson (B.S. 1904), governor of Wyoming (1927–1931)[41]
  • Woodbridge Nathan Ferris (MD 1874), educator and politician; founder and president of the Ferris Industrial School (later Ferris State University); president of the Big Rapids Savings Bank; governor of Michigan (1913–1916); elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1922 and served from 1923 until his death in 1928[42]
  • Kamal Ganzouri, appointed as Governor of the New Valley State in 1976; Governor of the Bani Suef State in 1977 but resigned after just six months
  • Ralph F. Gates (BA 1915; LAW: JD 1917), Governor of Indiana, 1945–49[43]
  • Fred W. Green (LAW: 1898), mayor of Ionia, Michigan before he served as the 31st Governor of Michigan from 1927 to 1931[44]
  • Martha Wright Griffiths (LAW: JD 1940), Congressional Representative; elected to the Michigan state house of representatives 1948–1952; elected as a Democrat to the Eighty-fourth and to the nine succeeding Congresses (1955–1974); lieutenant Governor of Michigan 1982–1991[45]
  • Morley Isaac Griswold governor of Nevada (1934–1935) Republican[46]
  • Alex Goresbeck (LAW: LLB 1893), 30th Governor of Michigan[47]
  • Francis Grant "Frank" Higgins, first native-born person from Montana to become a member of the state's bar and of its legislature; served in the Montana House of Representatives; mayor of Missoula, Montana in 1892; fourth Lieutenant Governor of Montana,1901–1905
  • Lyman Underwood Humphrey, Republican, governor of Kansas (1889–1893)[48]
  • Arthur Mastick Hyde, Republican, governor of Missouri (1921–1925)[49]
  • John N. Irwin, businessman; diplomat; Mayor of Keokuk, Iowa; Governor of Idaho Territory; Governor of Arizona Territory; U.S. Minister to Portugal
  • Patrick Henry Kelley (LAW: JD 1900), Congressional Representative from Michigan; member of the state board of education 1901–1905; state superintendent of public instruction 1905–1907; Lieutenant Governor of Michigan 1907–1911; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (1913–1923)[50]
  • Clement Field Kimball (LAW), Lieutenant Governor of Iowa 1925–1928
  • Elbert L. Lampson, 21st Lieutenant Governor of Ohio; former State Senator
  • Washington Ellsworth Lindsey, Republican, governor of New Mexico (1917–1919)[51]
  • Oren Ethelbirt Long (AB 1916), Senator from Hawaii; superintendent of public instruction, Territory of Hawaii 1934–1946; secretary of Territory of Hawaii 1946–1951; appointed Governor of Territory of Hawaii 1951–1953; member and vice chairman, Hawaii Statehood Commission 1954–1956; territorial senator, Territory of Hawaii 1956–1959; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate on July 28, 1959; upon the admission of Hawaii as a State into the Union on August 21, 1959, drew the four-year term beginning on that day and ending January 3, 1963[52]
  • Ernest Whitworth Marland (LAW: JD 1893), Congressional Representative from Oklahoma; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third Congress (1933–1935); elected Governor of Oklahoma in 1934 for the four-year term commencing January 14, 1935[53]
  • Joseph R. McLaughlin, entrepreneur and politician from Michigan; Lieutenant Governor 1895–1897
  • George de Rue Meiklejohn (LAW: JD 1880), Congressional Representative from Nebraska; member of the State senate 1884–1888 and served as its president 1886–1888; chairman of the Republican State convention of 1887; chairman of the Republican State central committee in 1887 and 1888; Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska 1889–1891; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (1893–1897); appointed by President McKinley as Assistant Secretary of War April 14, 1897, and served until March 1901, when he resigned[54]
  • Julius Sterling Morton, appointed Secretary of Nebraska Territory by President James Buchanan on July 12, 1858, a position he held until 1861; Acting Governor of Nebraska 1858–1859
  • William Francis (Frank) Murphy, jurist; 35th governor of Michigan[55]
  • Carlos Rodado Noriega, Ambassador of Colombia to Argentina; Ambassador of Colombia to Spain; President of Ecopetrol; member of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia; 58th Governor of Atlántico
  • Culbert Olson, lawyer; Democratic Party member; Governor of California (1939–1943)[56]
  • Walter Marcus Pierce (MDNG), Congressional Representative from Oregon; engaged in banking and in the power and light business 1898–1907; served in the Oregon senate 1903–1907 and 1917–1921; Governor of Oregon 1923–1927; member of the board of regents of Oregon State College 1905–1927; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (1933–1943)[57]
  • Ridgley C. Powers, governor of Mississippi (1871–1874)[58]
  • Ricky Rosselló Nevares (born March 7, 1979) is a Puerto Rican politician and the 12th and current Governor of Puerto Rico.
  • Donald Stuart Russell, Democrat, governor of South Carolina (1963–1965)[59]
  • John Franklin Shafroth, governor of Colorado (1909–1913)[60]
  • Kimber Cornellus "Kim" Sigler, 40th Governor of Michigan 1947–1949[61]
  • Rick Snyder (LSA, LAW, BUS), 48th and current Governor of Michigan; former President and COO of Gateway Computers[62]
  • Robert Theodore Stafford (AB), Congressional Representative and a Senator from Vermont; deputy State attorney general 1953–1955; State attorney general 1955–1957; lieutenant Governor 1957–1959; Governor of Vermont 1959–1961; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh Congress in 1960; reelected to the five succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1961, until his resignation from the House of Representatives, September 16, 1971, to accept appointment the same day to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Winston L. Prouty; elected by special election January 7, 1972, to complete the unexpired term ending January 3, 1977; reelected in 1976 and again in 1982 for the term ending January 3, 1989;[63]
  • William Story, federal judge; seventh Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, serving 1891–1893 under John Long Routt
  • Charles Spalding Thomas (LAW: JD 1871), Senator from Colorado; member of the Democratic National Committee 1884–1896; Governor of Colorado 1899–1901; elected as a Democrat to the United States Senate in 1913 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles J. Hughes, Jr.; reelected in 1914, and served 1913–1921; chairman, Committee on Woman Suffrage (Sixty-third and Sixty-fourth Congresses), Committee on Coast Defenses (Sixty-fifth Congress), Committee on Pacific Railroads (Sixty-sixth Congress);[64]
  • Murray Delos Van Wagoner (COE: BA CE 1921), 38th Governor of Michigan 1941–1942[65]
  • G. Mennen "Soapy" Williams (LAW: JD), six-term Democratic Governor of Michigan (1948–1960); Michigan Supreme Court Chief Justice[66]
  • Edwin B. Winans (LAW), U.S. Representative; 22nd Governor of Michigan
  • Harriett Woods (AB 1949), Missouri's first female lieutenant governor; a Democrat; Missouri’s lieutenant governor in 1984 and served one term as the state’s No. 2 executive; previously served eight years in the state Senate, two years on a state transportation commission and eight years on the University City Council; first female editor of the U-M newspaper
  • Richard Yates, Republican governor of Illinois (1901–1905)[67]

Local government

Ambassadors

  • H. Gardner Ackley (MA, PhD), former Henry Carter Adams Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Political Economy; on U-M faculty for 43 years; leader in national economic affairs for several decades, including serving as adviser to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson; an expert on the Italian economy, he was also ambassador to Italy
  • Robert Worth Bingham, newspaper publisher and U.S. ambassador to Great Britain. Bingham was graduated from the Bingham School in 1888 and attended The University of North Carolina from 1888 to 1891. He received the LL.B. degree from the University of Louisville in 1897. After a year of postgraduate study at the University of Michigan, Bingham commenced practice in Louisville, Ky.
  • Paul H. Boeker (MA Economics), United States Ambassador to Jordan (1984–87); Director of Foreign Service Institute (1980–83); United States Ambassador to Bolivia (1977–80)
  • Anson Burlingame, United States Ambassador to China (1861–70)
  • Lawrence E. Butler (BUS: MBA), US Ambassador to Macedonia (2002–05); UN Official Principal Deputy High Representative in Bosnia-Herzegovina (2005–present); US Ambassador to Macedonia (2002–05); US National Security Council Staff, Director of European Affairs (1997–99); US Ambassador to Serbia ad interim (1995–96); US State Department Deputy Chief of Mission, Belgrade, Serbia-Montenegro (−1995); US State Department Deputy Chief of Mission, Copenhagen, Denmark (past); US State Department Deputy Chief of Mission, Dublin, Ireland (past)
  • William L. Cargo (B.A. Class of 1933), appointed U.S. Ambassador to Nepal in 1973
  • Luis CdeBaca (J.D. 1993), Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons at the United States Department of State; lead trial counsel in the largest slavery prosecution in U.S. history
  • Brutus J. Clay II (COE: 1868), appointed Minister to Switzerland in 1905, served until 1910
  • E. William Crotty (J.D.) Ambassador to Barbados, Antigua and Barbuda, the Commonwealth of Dominica, Grenada, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. On November 19, 1998, E. William Crotty was sworn in as U.S. Ambassador to Barbados. Born on June 28, 1931, in Claremont, New Hampshire, Mr. Crotty graduated from Dartmouth College with a B.A. in economics. He earned a J.D. from University of Michigan Law School, where he was a Frederick L. Leckie Scholar. Mr. Crotty received a Masters of Law in Taxation from the New York University Law School.
  • John R. Dawson (B.A. 1973), United States Ambassador to Peru 2002–03
  • Gerrit J. Diekema (LAW), appointed United States Minister to the Netherlands by President Herbert Hoover in 1929, and served until his death in The Hague, Netherlands
  • Robert F. Ellsworth (J.D. 1949), U.S. Representative from Kansas (1961–1969); United States Permanent Representative to NATO (1969–1971)
  • Brian James Proetel Fall, Britain's Ambassador to Russia (1992–95)
  • Homer S. Ferguson (B.A. 1913), judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals (1956–1971); Ambassador to the Philippines (1955–1956); judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals at Washington, D.C., 1956–1971; U.S. Senator from Michigan (1943–1955); circuit judge of the circuit court for Wayne County, Michigan (1929–1942)
  • Robert E. Fritts (B.A.) In 1974 at age 39, he became the then-youngest ambassador in the history of the Foreign Service when assigned to Rwanda, a record he wryly recalled “lasted about six months.” He later served as the U.S. ambassador to Ghana during a period of fluctuating bilateral relations.
  • James Goodby (MDNG: 1951–1952), United States Ambassador to Finland (1980–1981)
  • David Hermelin (BUS: BBA 1958), entrepreneur; philanthropist; former United States Ambassador to Norway; Ross School benefactor
  • Aubrey Hooks (MA 1984), US Ambassador to Côte d'Ivoire
  • John Nichol Irwin, businessman; politician; diplomat; Mayor of Keokuk, Iowa; Governor of Idaho Territory; Governor of Arizona Territory; U.S. Minister to Portugal
  • Susan S. Jacobs, former U.S. Ambassador to Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu
  • Richard Kauzlarich (MA), US Ambassador to Azerbaijan 1994–1997 and to Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997–1999
  • Leo J. Keena, appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served as the United States Ambassador to Honduras 1935–1937; United States Ambassador to South Africa 1937–1942
  • W. Robert Kohorst (J.D.) of California to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Croatia. He earned a J.D. from the University of Michigan Law School.
  • David Kostelancik (MA), Ambassador to Hungary. Mr. Kostelancik has served as Chargé d'Affaires, ad interim of the Mission since January 20, 2017. From August, 2014 until August, 2015 he served as the Senior State Department Advisor to the Congressional Helsinki Commission. From July, 2012 until August, 2014 he served as Director of the Office of Russian Affairs in the Department of State’s Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs
  • Philip Lader (LSA: MA), United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom 1997–2001
  • Melvyn Levitsky (BA), retired career Minister in the U.S. Foreign Service; teaches international relations at the University of Michigan’s Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy; Senior Fellow of the School’s International Policy Center; had 35-year career as a U.S. diplomat, Ambassador to Brazil 1994–98; former Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics Matters, Executive Secretary of the State Department, Ambassador to Bulgaria, Deputy Director of the Voice of America, and Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights
  • María Dora Victoriana Mejía Marulanda (B.A., M.A.), Ambassador of Colombia to Sweden
  • Fenton R. McCreery, Ambassador to Honduras
  • Douglas L. McElhaney (BA International Affairs), US Ambassador to Bosnia-Herzegovina 2004–present; entered the Foreign Service in 1975
  • Joseph R. McLaughlin, entrepreneur; politician; Lieutenant Governor of Michigan 1895–1897
  • William Bryant Milam (MA 1970), US Ambassador to Pakistan, 1998–2001
  • Earl R. Miller, U.S. Ambassador to Botswana Term of Appointment: 12/18/2014 to present Mr. Miller was sworn in as the U.S. Ambassador to the Republic of Botswana on December 18, 2014. Ambassador Miller, a career member of the U.S. Senior Foreign Service, joined the Department of State in 1987
  • David Miller, Jr. (J.D.) He served as the United States ambassador to Tanzania from 1981 to 1984 and to Zimbabwe from 1984 to 1986.
  • Thomas J. Miller (PhD 1975), U.S. ambassador to Greece; U.S. ambassador to Bosnia-Herzegovina
  • José Teodoro Moscoso Mora (B.A. 1932), named Moscoso ambassador to Venezuela by President Kennedy in 1961
  • Robert G. Neumann (Ph.D 1946), former United States Ambassador to Afghanistan 1969–73; Director, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Georgetown University (1976–81); US Ambassador to Saudi Arabia (June 1981 to July 1981), United States Ambassador to Morocco (1973–76)
  • David George Newton (MA 1970), US Ambassador to Iraq, 1984–88
  • Elliot Northcott, Ambassador to Colombia and Venezuela
  • Thomas J.O'Brien (LAW), ambassador to Denmark, Japan and Italy
  • Susan D. Page (A.B.), nominated in 2011 by President Obama to the post of U.S. Ambassador to South Sudan
  • Thomas W. Palmer, appointed US Minister to Spain in 1889 by President Benjamin Harrison; served 1889–1890
  • Mark A. Pekala (A.B. 1981), U.S. ambassador to Latvia in 2012
  • Nancy Bikoff Pettit (M.A.), Ambassador Pettit was confirmed by the Senate on June 24, 2015 as the Ambassador to the Republic of Latvia. She is a career member of the Foreign Service, Class of Minister Counselor. Prior to arriving in Riga, she served as Director of the Office of Western European Affairs in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, a position she held from 2013 to 2015.
  • Peter A. Prahar (B.A.), former Air Force translator; ambassador to the FSM
  • William E. Quinby, newspaper publisher; diplomat; United States Ambassador to the Netherlands
  • Clark T. Randt, Jr. (LAW: JD 1975), US Ambassador to China, 2001–2009
  • Margaret Scobey (Ph.D), US Ambassador to Syria; US Ambassador to Egypt as of 2008
  • Marshall D. Shulman (A.B. 1937), principal architect of Columbia University’s Russian studies program; longest serving director of the Russian Institute at Columbia; ambassador as the principal adviser on Soviet matters to Secretary of State Cyrus R. Vance in the Carter administration; speechwriter for Secretary of State Dean G. Acheson; author of Stalin’s Foreign Policy Reappraised (1963), a staple in Soviet studies for many years; his 1966 book of lectures, Beyond the Cold War, foreshadowed the détente between the Soviet Union and the US that occurred during the Nixon administration
  • William Graves Sharp (LAW: JD 1881), Congressional Representative from Ohio; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-first, Sixty-second, and Sixty-third Congresses; served 1909–1914, when he resigned to become Ambassador to France, in which capacity he served until April 14, 1919
  • William Story, federal judge; seventh Lieutenant Governor of Colorado, serving 1891–1893 under John Long Routt
  • Louis B. Susman (A.B.), former Vice Chairman of Citigroup Capital Markets; nominated as Ambassador to Great Britain in 2009
  • Edwin Uhl, Acting US Secretary of State and Ambassador to Germany during the Cleveland Administration
  • Jack Hood Vaughn (BA, MA), second Director of the United States Peace Corps; ambassador to Colombia and Panama
  • Gary Waissi (COE: Ph.D.), dean of ASU's School of Global Management and Leadership at the West campus; Knight, First Class, of the Order of the Lion of Finland in 2006
  • Howard Kent Walker, diplomat; Foreign Service officer; former United States Ambassador to Togo, Madagascar, and Comoros
  • Charles B. Warren (B.A. 1891), U.S. Ambassador to Japan 1921–1922; Ambassador to Mexico in 1924
  • Ronald N. Weiser (BUS: BBA 1966), US Ambassador to Slovak Republic; founder of McKinley Associates
  • G. Mennen Williams (J.D.), Ambassador to the Philippines; heir to a personal grooming products fortune, he was known as "Soapy"
  • Susan L. Ziadeh (Ph.D.) has enjoyed a 23-year career with the U.S. Department of State where she most recently served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Arabian Peninsula Affairs in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (2014-2016). From May–October 2016, Amb. Ziadeh served as NEA Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary. She is a career member of the Senior Foreign Service, class of Minister-Counselor, and served as the U.S. Ambassador to the State of Qatar from 2011-2014.

Federal Reserve, FDIC, OCC, and Treasury

Judiciary

  • Jackson Leroy Adair (LAW: JD 1911), Congressional Representative from Illinois; member of the State senate 1928–1932; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth Congresses (1933–1937); appointed United States district judge for the southern district of Illinois in 1937 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt and served until his death in 1956
  • Charles H. Aldrich (A.B. 1875), a Solicitor General of the United States
  • Prudence Carter Beatty, US Bankruptcy Judge for the Southern District of New York
  • George G. Bingham (LLB 1880), judge in Oregon, dean of Willamette University College of Law[70]
  • Brian Blanchard (BA 1980), Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
  • William L. Carpenter (LAW: circa 1877), elected Third Judicial Circuit of Michigan in 1894; member of the Michigan Supreme Court 1902–1904
  • Jackson Burton Chase (LAW: LLB 1913), Congressional Representative from Nebraska; assistant attorney general of Nebraska in 1921 and 1922; member of the State House of Representatives in 1933 and 1934; served as a major, Judge Advocate General’s Department, 1942–1945; chairman of Nebraska Liquor Control Commission in 1945 and 1946; judge of the fourth judicial district court of Nebraska, 1946–1954; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-fourth Congress (1955–1957); again elected judge of the fourth judicial district court of Nebraska 1956–1960
  • John Logan Chipman (1843–1845), Congressional Representative from Michigan; attorney of the police board of Detroit 1867–1879; elected judge of the superior court of Detroit 1879; reelected in 1885 and served until 1887, when he resigned, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth and to the three succeeding Congresses; served from 1887 until his death in 1893
  • George Pierre Codd (AB 1891), Congressional Representative from Michigan; mayor of Detroit in 1905 and 1906; circuit judge of Wayne County 1911–1921; regent of the University of Michigan in 1910 and 1911; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-seventh Congress (1921–1923); again elected circuit judge of Wayne County in 1924 and served until his death in 1927
  • Avern Cohn (LAW: JD 1949), district judge for the United States District Court, Eastern District of Michigan, appointed by President Jimmy Carter in 1979
  • Louis Convers Cramton (LAW: JD 1899), Congressional Representative from Michigan; law clerk of the State senate three terms; deputy commissioner of railroads of Michigan in 1907; secretary of the Michigan Railroad Commission from September 1907 to January 1, 1909; member of the State house of representatives in 1909 and 1910; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-third and to the eight succeeding Congresses (1913–1931); circuit judge of the fortieth judicial circuit 1934–1941
  • Irene Cortes (LL.M, S.J.D.), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines 1987–1990; first female dean of the University of the Philippines College of Law
  • Shepard J. Crumpacker, Jr. (LAW: JD 1941), Congressional Representative from Indiana; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-second, Eighty-third, and Eighty-fourth Congresses (1951–1957); appointed judge of the St. Joseph Superior Court and served 1977–1985
  • Marc Dann (B.A. 1984), 47th attorney general of Ohio
  • Harry Micajah Daugherty (LAW: LL.B), Ohio Republican political insider; Attorney General of the United States under Presidents Harding and Coolidge
  • Cristobal C. Duenas (LAW: JD 1952), judge of the U.S. District Court of Guam; judge of the Island Court of Guam; previously director of the Department of Land Management
  • Robert Emory Evans (LAW: JD 1886), Congressional Representative from Nebraska; prosecuting attorney of Dakota County in 1895; resigned to become judge of the eighth judicial district, in which capacity he served from 1895 to 1899; president of the Nebraska State Bar Association in 1919; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-sixth and Sixty-seventh Congresses (1919–1923); elected judge of the supreme court from the third district of Nebraska in 1924
  • Homer Samuel Ferguson (AB 1913), Senator from Michigan; circuit judge of the circuit court for Wayne County, 1929–1942; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1942; reelected in 1948 and served 1943–1955; Ambassador to the Philippines 1955–1956; judge of the United States Court of Military Appeals at Washington, D.C., 1956–1971
  • George Ford (LAW: JD 1869), Congressional Representative from Indiana; elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth Congress (1885–1887); elected judge of the superior court of St. Joseph County in 1914
  • Ralph M. Freeman (LAW: LL.B. 1926), Judge in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan; nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1954; chief judge 1967–1972; assumed senior status in 1973
  • Ronald M. Gould (LAW: 1973), federal appeals judge; has served on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals since 1999; nominated by President Bill Clinton, confirmed by the United States Senate on November 17, and received his commission on November 22
  • Byron Berry Harlan (LAW: JD 1909; LS&A: 1911), Congressional Representative from Ohio; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-second and to the three succeeding Congresses (1931–1939); chairman, Committee on Revision of the Laws (Seventy-second and Seventy-third Congresses); appointed judge of the Tax Court of the United States in 1946 to his death in 1949
  • James Harvey (LAW: LLB 1948), Congressional Representative from Michigan; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the six succeeding Congresses (1961–1974); appointed by President Richard Nixon as a United States District Court judge for the Eastern District, Michigan, 1974–1984; United States Senior District judge, 1984–2002
  • Guy Tresillian Helvering (LAW: JD 1906), Congressional Representative from Kansas; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-third, Sixty-fourth, and Sixty-fifth Congresses (1913–1919); Democratic State chairman 1930–1934; mayor of Salina from February 15, 1926, until his resignation on December 8, 1930; State highway director in 1931 and 1932; appointed Commissioner of Internal Revenue by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 and served until his appointment as a Federal district judge for Kansas in 1943, in which capacity he was serving at the time of his death in 1946
  • Douglas Woodruff Hillman (LAW: JD 1948), practiced law in Grand Rapids for 30 years before President Carter appointed him to the federal court in 1979; retired from the bench in 2002
  • Jay Abel Hubbell (AB 1853), Congressional Representative from Michigan; prosecuting attorney of Houghton County 1861–1867; elected as a Republican to the Forty-third and to the four succeeding Congresses (1873–1883); chairman, Committee on Expenditures in the Department of the Interior (Forty-seventh Congress); member of the State senate 1885–1887; served as circuit judge of the twelfth judicial circuit from 1894 to 1899, when he resigned
  • William Leonard Hungate (MDNG), Congressional Representative from Missouri; special assistant attorney general 1958–1964; elected simultaneously as a Democrat to the Eighty-eighth and to the Eighty-ninth Congress by special election, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of United States Representative Clarence Cannon, and reelected to the five succeeding Congresses (1964–1977); professor, University of Missouri, St. Louis, 1977–1979; justice, United States district judge for the eastern district of Missouri, 1979–1992; president, American Bar Association’s National Conference of Federal Trial Judges, 1985–1986
  • Edwin William Keightley (LAW: JD 1865), Congressional Representative from Michigan; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the fifteenth judicial circuit of Michigan in 1876 and served until 1877, having been elected to Congress; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (1877–1879); appointed by President Hayes Third Auditor of the United States Treasury Department and served from 1879 to 1885, when he resigned
  • Mary Beth Kelly (B.A.), justice of the Michigan Supreme Court, elected in November 2010
  • Moses Pierce Kinkaid (LAW: JD 1876), Congressional Representative from Nebraska; member of the State senate in 1883; district judge 1887–1900; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-eighth and to the nine succeeding Congresses and served from 1903 until his death in 1922; chairman, Committee on Irrigation of Arid Lands (Sixty-sixth and Sixty-seventh Congresses)
  • William Lewis (MDNG), Congressional Representative from Kentucky; studied law at the University of Kentucky at Lexington and at U-M; member of State House of Representatives in 1900 and 1901; Commonwealth attorney 1904–1909; circuit judge of the twenty-seventh judicial district of Kentucky 1909–1922 and 1928–1934; elected as a Republican to the Eightieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of John Marshall Robsion and served 1948–1949
  • George A. Malcolm (LAW: JD 1906), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines 1917–1936; founder of the University of the Philippines College of Law
  • David Mills (LAW: LLB 1867), Canadian Supreme Court judge; served as Minister of the Interior in the Cabinet of Alexander Mackenzie 1876–1878; appointed to the Supreme Court of Canada in 1902 and served for one year until his death in 1903; published The Present and Future Political Aspects of Canada in 1860 and The Blunders of the Dominion Government in Connection with the North-West Territory in 1871
  • Frank Murphy (LL.B. 1914), US Attorney General; US Supreme Court Justice
  • Gordon Myse (LAW: LLB 1960), Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
  • James Carson Needham (LAW: JD 1889), Congressional Representative from California; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-sixth and to the six succeeding Congresses (1899–1913); appointed judge of the superior court of California in 1919; elected to the same office in 1920 to fill an unexpired term; reelected in 1922 and again in 1926, and served until 1935
  • Darleen Ortega (LAW: JD 1989), judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals
  • Samuel Ritter Peters (LAW: JD 1867), Congressional Representative from Kansas; mayor of Memphis in 1873; elected a member of the State senate in 1874 and served until his resignation in March 1875; appointed and subsequently elected judge of the ninth judicial district and served from 1875 until 1883, when he resigned; elected as a Republican to the Forty-eighth and to the three succeeding Congresses (1883–1891); postmaster of Newton 1898–1910; editor of the Newton Daily Kansan-Republican in 1899
  • Rosemary S. Pooler (LAW: JD), U.S. federal judge; appointed in 1990 as a Justice for the Fifth Judicial District Supreme Court; appointed to the federal bench by President Bill Clinton, serving 1994–1998 as federal district judge in the Northern District of New York; received her current appointment as a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1998
  • Joseph Very Quarles (AB 1966; LAW: JD 1867), Senator from Wisconsin; mayor of Kenosha 1876; member of state assembly 1879; member of state senate 1880–1882; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate and served 1899–1905; chairman, Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard (Fifty-sixth Congress), Committee on the Census (Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Congresses); appointed United States district judge for the eastern district of Wisconsin by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1905, and served until his death in 1911
  • Ozora P. Stearns (AB 1858, LAW: JD 1860), Senator from Minnesota; mayor of Rochester 1866–1868; served in the Union Army during the Civil War as a lieutenant, and then colonel; elected as a Republican to the United States Senate in 1871 and served until 1871; judge of the eleventh judicial district of Minnesota 1874–1895; regent of the University of Minnesota at Minneapolis 1890–1895
  • Justice George Sutherland, United States Supreme Court
  • Clifford Taylor (BA 1964), Chief Justice of Michigan's Supreme Court; appointed in 1997 by Republican Gov. John Engler; re-elected in 2000 to serve an eight-year term; in 2004, he was first chosen by the justices to serve as Chief Justice; in 1992, Gov. Engler appointed him to the Michigan Court of Appeals where he served until his appointment to the Michigan Supreme Court; co-author of Michigan Practice Guide on Torts
  • Larry D. Tompson (LAW: 1974), Deputy United States Attorney General
  • Martha Lee Walters (BA 1972), Justice, Oregon Supreme Court
  • Carl May Weideman (MDNG), Congressional Representative from Michigan; attended the public schools and the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor from 1914 until the outbreak of the First World War; delegate to the Democratic State conventions 1932–1944 and to the Democratic National Convention in 1940; elected as a Democrat to the Seventy-third Congress (19331935); circuit judge for the third judicial circuit of Michigan 1950–1968

Justices: state of Michigan Supreme Court

Michigan law has placed 36 of its graduates on the state's supreme court.[71] Of those who served, 16 served as Chief Justice.

Supreme Court Justices appointed within other states or from other University of Michigan schools:

  • Richard H. Bernstein (B.A.), lawyer and Michigan Supreme Court justice
  • Charles Blakey Blackmar (J.D.), judge of the Supreme Court of Missouri 1982–1992; chief justice of the court 1989–1991
  • Charles A. Blair (B.A.) (1854–1912) was a member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1905 until 1912.
  • Wallace B. Douglas (J.D.) (September 21, 1852 – December 9, 1930) was a lawyer, jurist, and politician and Justice of Minnesota's Supreme Court.
  • John P. Elkin (JD 1884) Associate Justice of the Supreme court of Pennsylvania
  • John Sherman Robinson (B.A. 1903) (December 17, 1880 – October 9, 1951) was an American track and field athlete, lawyer, judge, and Chief Justice of the Washington Supreme Court.
  • Clifford Taylor (B.A.), Chief Justice of the Michigan Supreme Court 2005–2009

Attorneys General

  • Paul L. Adams, member of the Michigan Supreme Court in 1962 and 1964–1972; mayor of Sault Ste. Marie 1938–1942; Attorney General of Michigan in 1957; member of the Michigan Supreme Court in 1962
  • Eugene F. Black (1903–1990), elected Michigan Attorney General as a Republican in 1945
  • Charles A. Blair (1854–1912), member of the Michigan Supreme Court from 1905 until 1912; held several public offices including prosecuting attorney for Jackson County; elected Attorney General of Michigan in 1902
  • Steven G. Bradbury, Acting Assistant Attorney General of the United States for the Office of Legal Counsel, 2005–2009
  • Clarence Addison Brimmer, Jr., state attorney general of Wyoming 1971–1974
  • Wilber Marion Brucker, assistant attorney general of Michigan, 1927–1928; Michigan Attorney General, 1928–1930
  • Warren Booth Burrows, member of the Connecticut House of Representatives 1925–1927, member of Connecticut Senate 1927–1928; state attorney general of Connecticut 1931–1935
  • Charles Burson, served almost a decade as Tennessee Attorney General; became Gore's Chief of Staff in 1999
  • Pamela Carter, first black woman to serve as a state's attorney general
  • Mike Cox, Michigan's 52nd Attorney General
  • Marc Dann, Attorney General of Ohio from 2007 until his resignation in 2008
  • Harry M. Daugherty (LAW), Attorney General of the United States under Presidents Harding and Coolidge
  • Ulysses G. Denman, Republican politician from Ohio; Ohio Attorney General 1908–1911
  • John R. Dethmers, Chairman of the Michigan Republican Party 1942–1945; delegate to the 1944 Republican National Convention; Michigan Attorney General 1945–1946
  • Tyrone C. Fahner, lawyer; received his bachelor's degree from U-M; Illinois Attorney General 1980–1983
  • Charles E. Gibson Jr., Vermont Attorney General[72]
  • Horace Weldon Gilmore, member of the Michigan Board of Tax Appeals in 1954; deputy state attorney general of Michigan 1954–1956; judge on the 3rd Judicial Circuit of Detroit 1956–1980
  • Alexander J. Groesbeck, Attorney General; 30th Governor of Michigan
  • Shiro Kashiwa, first Attorney General of Hawaii to be appointed after it became a state in 1959
  • Franz C. Kuhn, probate judge; Michigan Attorney General in 1910
  • George A. Malcolm, acting attorney-general for the Philippines as of 1911
  • Dwight May, Michigan Attorney General; served from 1869 to 1873 under Governor Henry P. Baldwin
  • Frank Millard, Michigan Attorney General, 1951–1954
  • William J. Morgan, Wisconsin Attorney General 1912–1923, Republican
  • Frank Murphy, United States Attorney General 1939–40
  • William W. Potter, Michigan Attorney General 1927–1928
  • Charles Byron Renfrew, nominated by President Richard Nixon to the United States District Court for the Northern District of California; confirmed by the United States Senate on December 2, 1971, and received his commission on December 9; served until 1980, when he resigned to become United States Deputy Attorney General, serving in that post until 1981
  • John W. Reynolds, Sr., Attorney General of Wisconsin 1927–1933; Republican
  • Stephen John Roth, Attorney General of Michigan 1949–1950
  • Kenneth Salazar; U.S. Senator; Attorney General of Colorado 1999–2005
  • John M. Sheets, Republican politician; Ohio Attorney General 1900–1904
  • Winfield Smith, Attorney General of Wisconsin 1862–1866; Republican
  • Robert Stafford, deputy attorney general of Vermont 1953–1955; attorney general 1955–1957
  • Raymond Wesley Starr, Attorney General of Michigan 1937–1938
  • James M. Swift, lawyer; District Attorney of Massachusetts Southern District; Attorney General of Massachusetts
  • Cyrus Nils Tavares, deputy attorney general of Hawaii 1927–1934 before returning to private practice in Honolulu, 1934–1941; during World War II he was the special deputy attorney general of Hawaii for war matters, 1941–1942; the assistant attorney general of Hawaii, 1942–1943; and the Attorney General of Hawaii, 1944–1947
  • Larry Thompson, lawyer; deputy Attorney General of the US under President George W. Bush until 2003
  • Paul W. Voorhies, Michigan lawyer; Wayne County Prosecutor; Michigan Attorney General
  • Robert Wefald; 26th North Dakota Attorney General 1981–1984

Presidents and Prime Ministers

Military

Foreign officials

Secretaries of the Cabinet

  • Estefania Aldaba-Lim (Ph.D.), first female Filipino Cabinet secretary; social services and development secretary 1971–1977; first Filipino clinical psychologist; President of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines; first woman to become special ambassador to the United Nations (1979); UN Peace Medal Award
  • Clinton Presba Anderson (1915–1916), Congressional Representative; Senator from New Mexico
  • Edgardo Angara (LAW: LLM 1964), Secretary of Agriculture (emeritus) of the Philippines; former Executive Secretary
  • Chulanope Snidvongs na Ayuthaya (COE: MSE), Privy Councillor to the King of Thailand
  • Dr. José Celso Barbosa Alcala was a Puerto Rican physician, sociologist and political leader. Known as the father of the Statehood for Puerto Rico movement
  • Rand Beers (MA 1970); had a public service career spanning 25 years; took over terrorism and narcotics desk at the National Security Council following Oliver North; appointed by President Clinton in 1998 to Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotic and Law Enforcement Affairs; assigned to counter-terrorism in the George W. Bush White House; foreign policy advisor to John Kerry campaign
  • Bill Brehm (A.B., M.A.), assistant secretary of the army under Presidents Johnson and Nixon; assistant secretary of defense under Presidents Nixon and Ford; Chairman (emeritus) of SRA International
  • Douglas A. Brook (B.A., M.A.), nominated in 2007 as Assistant Secretary of the Navy; Professor of Public Policy and Director of the Center for Defense Management Reform in the School of Business and Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School; former Dean of the School of Business and Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School; former Acting Director of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management and Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management)
  • Wilber Marion Brucker (A.B. 1916), Secretary of the Army
  • Ben Carson Benjamin Solomon "Ben" Carson Sr. (born September 18, 1951) is an American neurosurgeon, author, and politician who is the 17th and current United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, under the Trump Administration.
  • Roy D. Chapin, Sr. (MDNG), US Secretary of Commerce, 1932–33; Hudson Motors President and CEO (1934–36); US Secretary of Commerce (1932–33); Hudson Motors President and CEO (1909–23); Hudson Motors co-founder (1906–09); Member of the Board of Hudson Motors (as Chairman 1923–36)
  • Santiago Creel Miranda, Mexican senator representing the right-of-center National Action Party; Secretary of the Interior in the cabinet of President Vicente Fox
  • Terry Davis (BUS: MBA 1962), member of Britain's Parliament for 28 years; Secretary General of the Council of Europe; human rights activist
  • William Rufus Day, United States Secretary of State during the Mckinley administration; negotiated the peace treaty ending the Spanish–American War; appointed as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court by President Roosevelt
  • Edwin C. Denby (LAW: JD 1896), Congressional Representative from Michigan; employed in the Chinese imperial maritime customs service 1887–1894; member of the State House of Representatives in 1903; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-ninth, Sixtieth, and Sixty-first Congresses (1905–1911); president of the Detroit Charter Commission in 1913 and 1914; president of the Detroit Board of Commerce in 1916 and 1917; appointed United States Secretary of the Navy by President Harding and served 1921–1924
  • Robert F. Ellsworth (LAW: JD 1949), Congressional Representative from Kansas; assistant to vice chairman, Federal Maritime Board in 1953 and 1954; elected as a Republican to the Eighty-seventh and to the two succeeding Congresses (1961–1967); National Political Director of the Presidential Campaign in 1968; special assistant to President Nixon, 1969; Permanent Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, with rank of Ambassador, 1969–1971; general partner in Lazard Freres and Co. of New York City; Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), 1974–1975; nominated by President Ford to be Deputy Secretary of Defense and served in that capacity 1975–1977; vice chairman of the council, 1977–1990, chairman, 1990–1996, vice president, 1996 to present, International Institute for Strategic Studies, London, England; appointed to the U.S.-China Economic Security Review Commission, 2003–present
  • Howard Flight (BUS: MBA), British MP; holds 11 directorships; appointed Shadow Paymaster General in 2001; in 2002 was promoted to Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury
  • Dan Glickman (BA History 1966), Congressional Representative from Kansas; United States Securities and Exchange Commission, 1969–1970; elected as a Democrat to the Ninety-fifth and to the eight succeeding Congresses (1977–1995); one of the managers appointed by the House of Representatives in 1986 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against Harry E. Claiborne, judge of the United States District Court for Nevada; chair, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (One Hundred Third Congress); chaired the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence; launched an inquiry into the Aldrich Ames spy case; United States Secretary of Agriculture; president and CEO of the MPAA in 2004
  • James William Good (LAW: JD 1893), Congressional Representative from Iowa; elected as a Republican to the Sixty-first and to the six succeeding Congresses and served 1909–1921; chairman, Committee on Appropriations (Sixty-sixth and Sixty-seventh Congresses); appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Hoover and served from 1929 until his death in 1929
  • James F. Goodrich (B.S. 1937), Under Secretary of the Navy 1981–1987
  • John L. Henshaw (SPH: M.P.H. 1974), assistant secretary of labor for occupational safety and health, heading up the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  • George M. Humphrey, United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Eisenhower administration
  • Arthur M. Hyde (BA 1899), Governor of Missouri, 1921–25; US Secretary of Agriculture (1929–33)
  • Robert P. Lamont (BSCE 1891), US Commerce Secretary, 1929–32
  • George de Rue Meiklejohn (LAW: JD 1880), Congressional Representative from Nebraska; member of the State senate 1884–1888 and served as its president 1886–1888; chairman of the Republican State convention of 1887; chairman of the Republican State central committee in 1887 and 1888; Lieutenant Governor of Nebraska 1889–1891; elected as a Republican to the Fifty-third and Fifty-fourth Congresses (1893–1897); appointed by President McKinley as Assistant Secretary of War in 1897 and served until his resignation in 1901
  • Julius Sterling Morton (A.B. 1854), United States Secretary of Agriculture under President Cleveland; created Arbor Day
  • Tom Price (born October 8, 1954), American physician and Republican politician who is currently the 23rd United States Secretary of Health and Human Services under the Trump administration.
  • Mark E. Rey (MA 1976), former timber lobbyist; undersecretary for natural resources and environment at the Agriculture Department; oversees the Forest Service
  • Harvey S. Rosen (A.B. 1970), Chair of President Bush's Council of Economic Advisers; deputy assistant secretary for tax analysis in the Department of the Treasury under President George H.W. Bush 1989–1991
  • Kenneth Lee Salazar (LAW: JD 1981), Senator from Colorado; chief legal counsel, Governor Roy Romer of Colorado, 1986–1990; executive director, Colorado Department of Natural Resources 1990–1994; Colorado State attorney general 1999–2005; elected as a Democrat to the U.S. Senate in 2004 for term beginning January 3, 2005; appointed Secretary of the Interior in 2009
  • Rajiv Shah (B.S.E. (economics), 1995), former Under Secretary of Agriculture for Research, Education, and Economics and Chief Scientist at the United States Department of Agriculture; 16th Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development
  • Edwin Forrest Sweet (LAW: JD 1874), Congressional Representative from Michigan; mayor of Grand Rapids 1904–1906; elected as a Democrat to the Sixty-second Congress (1911–1913); Assistant Secretary of Commerce 1913–1921
  • Henry Tang (A.B. 1976), Financial Secretary of Hong Kong, August 4, 2003–present
  • John F. Turner (MA), reelected in 2007 to board of directors of Peabody Energy; former Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs within the State Department; former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Conservation Fund; Director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1989–1993; served 19 years in the Wyoming State Legislature; former president of the Wyoming State Senate; director of International Paper and Ashland, Inc.
  • Edwin Uhl (MA 1863), United States Secretary of State and Ambassador to Germany during the Cleveland Administration
  • Edwin Willits (AB 1955), Congressional Representative from Michigan; member of the State board of education 1860–1872; appointed postmaster of Monroe in 1863 by President Lincoln, and removed by President Johnson in 1866; member of the commission to revise the constitution of the State in 1873; elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth, Forty-sixth, and Forty-seventh Congresses (1877–1883); president of the Michigan Agricultural College 1885–1889; First Assistant Secretary of Agriculture 1889–1893
  • Donald C. Winter (Ph.D. Physics 1972), President of Northrop Grumman's Mission Systems sector; former President and CEO of TRW Systems; elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 2002; appointed United States Secretary of the Navy in 2006
  • Hubert Work (MED: 1882–1884), US Interior Secretary, 1923–28

Other

References

  1. ↑ "AMASH, Justin - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  2. ↑ Steinhauer, Jennifer (April 14, 2011). "Justin Amash, Republican Freshman, Bucks His Party". The New York Times.
  3. ↑ "Amash casts himself in Paul's mold - POLITICO". politico.com. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  4. ↑ Sullivan, Patricia (December 2, 2006). "Donald M. Baker; Helped Shape Social Legislation for 3 Decades". The Washington Post.
  5. ↑ "Alvin Morell Bentley". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  6. ↑ "www.pasadenaweekly.com/cms/story/detail/?id=4199&IssueNum=54". pasadenaweekly.com. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  7. ↑ . law.umich.edu http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/students/Pages/ProfilePage.aspx?SID=18534&Year=1965. Retrieved February 23, 2017. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  8. ↑ "Biographical Memoirs Home". nap.edu. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  9. ↑ "BULOW, William John - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  10. ↑ "www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=717". defense.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  11. ↑ "photos/pers-us/uspers-b/burke". history.navy.mil. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  12. ↑ "Anson Burlingame". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  13. ↑ "WULS: Charles W. Burson". law.wustl.edu. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  14. ↑ Greenberg, G.S. (2000). Historical Encyclopedia of U.S. Independent Counsel Investigations. Greenwood Press. p. 86. ISBN 9780313307355. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  15. ↑ "Gerrit John Diekema". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Gerald R. Ford". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Harold Ford Jr". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  18. ↑ "GEPHARDT, Richard Andrew - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  19. ↑ Bergen, Mark. Forbes https://www.forbes.com/sites/markbergen/2011/09/01/a-sad-end-for-stephen-goldsmith/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  20. ↑ Hernandez, Javier C.; Barbaro, Michael (August 4, 2011). "Stephen Goldsmith, a Bloomberg Pick, Resigns as Deputy Mayor". The New York Times.
  21. ↑ "Harvard Kennedy School - Stephen Goldsmith". hks.harvard.edu. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  22. ↑ "joel_bio". dni.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  23. ↑ "Philip Lader, Partner » Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough, LLP - Attorneys at Law". nelsonmullins.com. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
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  26. ↑ "Robert Meeropol's Biography | Rosenberg Fund for Children". rfc.org. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  27. ↑ "legislators/membm3". kslib.info. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  28. ↑ "Thomas W. Palmer". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  29. ↑ "Joe Schwarz". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  30. ↑ "Fred Upton". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  31. ↑ "Arthur H. Vandenberg". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  32. ↑ Boylan, D.; Holmes, T.M. (2000). John A. Burns: The Man and His Times. University of Hawai'i Press. p. 125. ISBN 9780824822828. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  33. ↑ "Wilber Marion Brucker". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  34. ↑ "William John Bulow". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  35. ↑ "David Francis Cargo". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 22, 2012.
  36. ↑ "Fenimore Chatterton". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  37. ↑ "Chase A. Clark". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved September 23, 2012.
  38. ↑ "William Comstock". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  39. ↑ "DAVIS, Cushman Kellogg - Biographical Information". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  40. ↑ "Dewey, Thomas E. | RBSCP". lib.rochester.edu. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  41. ↑ "wyoarchives.state.wy.us/Research/Governors/Governor.asp?gov=23&criteria=gov&x=29&y=1". wyoarchives.state.wy.us. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  42. ↑ "Woodbridge Nathan Ferris". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  43. ↑ "Ralph F. Gates". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  44. ↑ "Fred Warren Green". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  45. ↑ "Martha Wright Griffiths". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  46. ↑ "Morley Isaac Griswold". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  47. ↑ "Alex Groesbeck". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  48. ↑ "Lyman Underwood Humphrey". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  49. ↑ "Arthur Mastick Hyde". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  50. ↑ "Patrick Henry Kelley". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  51. ↑ "Washington Ellsworth Lindsey". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  52. ↑ "Oren Ethelbirt Long". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  53. ↑ "Ernest Whitworth Marland". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  54. ↑ "George de Rue Meiklejohn". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  55. ↑ "Frank Murphy". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  56. ↑ "Culbert L. Olson". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 23, 2012.
  57. ↑ "Walter Marcus Pierce". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  58. ↑ "Ridgely Ceylon Powers". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  59. ↑ "Donald Stuart Russell". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  60. ↑ "John Franklin Shafroth". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  61. ↑ "Kimber Cornellus Sigler". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  62. ↑ "Rick Snyder". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  63. ↑ "Robert Theodore Stafford". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  64. ↑ "Charles Spalding Thomas". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  65. ↑ "Murray Delos Van Wagoner". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  66. ↑ "G. Mennen Williams". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  67. ↑ "Richard_Yates". National Governors Association. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  68. ↑ Hicks, Mark (March 1, 2010). "Laura Spurr, Grosse Pointe Park, Leader gave 'whatever it took' to support her tribe". Detroit News. Retrieved March 9, 2010.
  69. ↑ Camilla, Georgia
  70. ↑ Colmer, Montagu, and Charles Erskine Scott Wood. (1910). History of the Bench and Bar of Oregon. Portland, Or: Historical Pub. Co. p. 91.
  71. ↑ "Graduates on the Michigan Supreme Court". University of Michigan. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
  72. ↑ "Charles E. Gibson Opens Law Office in St. Johnsbury". Burlington Free Press. Burlington, VT. June 7, 1954. p. 5. (Subscription required (help)).
  73. ↑ "The cleric, the lawyer and the partyman | The Express Tribune". The Express Tribune. 2018-09-04. Retrieved 2018-09-05.
  74. ↑ "CDC Spokesperson| CDC Online Newsroom | CDC". cdc.gov. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
  75. ↑ Documents. Council of Europe : Parliamentary Assembly: Working Papers: Documents 8282, 8339, 8357, 8373 & 8399-8457. 5. Council of Europe. 1999. p. 19. ISBN 9789287140340. Retrieved February 23, 2017.
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