List of US Open women's singles champions

US Open Women’s Singles Champions
Location Queens – New York City
United States
Venue USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
Governing body USTA
Created 1887 (1887)
Editions 131 (2017)
Open Era: 50 (2017)
Surface Grass (1887–1974)
Clay (1975–1977)
Hard (1978–present)
Prize money Total: US$36,324,000 (2016)
Winner: US$3,500,000 (2016)
Trophy US Open Trophy
Website Official website
Most titles
Amateur era 8: Molla Bjurstedt Mallory
Open era 6: Chris Evert
6: Serena Williams
Most consecutive titles
Amateur era 4: Molla Bjurstedt Mallory
4: Helen Jacobs
Open era 4: Chris Evert
Current champion
Naomi Osaka
(first title)

The US Open women's singles championship is an annual tennis event that is being held since 1887 as part of the US Open[a][b] tournament. The tournament is played on outdoor hard courts[c] at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park, New York City.[1][2]

The US Open is played during a two-week period in late August and early September and has been chronologically the last of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis year since 1987.[3] The Philadelphia Cricket Club (1887–1920) and Forest Hills (1921–1977) hosted the event before it settled in 1978 at its current site.[4] The United States Tennis Association is the national body that organizes this event.

The champion receives a full-size replica of the event's trophy engraved with her name.[5] In 2016, the winner received prize money of US$3,500,000.[6][7] A bonus pool of US$1,000,000 is also paid to US Open champions who finished in first place during the US Open Series.[8]

History

The format of the women's singles event has undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1888 through 1918, the event started with a knockout phase, the All-Comers singles, whose winner faced the defending champion in a challenge round.[9] The All-Comers winner was awarded the title by default six times (1893, 1899, 1900, 1905, 1906 and 1907) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1919 edition.[10] Since 1887, all matches have been played as the best-of-three sets, except in the eleven-year period from 1891 until 1901, when the challenge round was scored the best-of-five-sets.[10] From 1894 until 1901 the women were required to play best-of-five sets in both the all-comers final and the challenge round.[11]

Format

Since 1887, the winner of the next game at five-games–all took the set in every match except the All-Comers final and the challenge round, which was won by the player who had won at least six games and at least two games more than his opponent. This advantage format was introduced for the final sets of early rounds, for women starting in 1887, and used for all sets in final rounds from 1887 through 1969.[12] The tie-break system was introduced in 1970 for all sets, in its best-of-nine points sudden death version until 1974, and in its best-of-12 points lingering death version since 1975.[12][13][14] The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament to have a third set tie-break, which has occurred twice in women's singles finals in 1981 and in 1985.[3]

Surface

The court surface changed twice, from grass (1887–1974), to Har-Tru clay (1975–1977), to hard courts since 1978.[15] No women's tennis player won the event on all three surfaces, and no women's tennis player won it on both grass and clay. Chris Evert was the only one to win the event on clay and on hard court, thereby making her the only woman to win on two different surfaces at the event.

Finals

Key
Regular competition
All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡
Defending champion, Challenge round winner †
All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

U.S. National Championships

A woman in all white attire is hitting a forehand with the tennis racket in the right hand, which it is a black and white photograph
Elisabeth Moore is a four-time champion
A woman in all white attire is hitting a backhand with the tennis racket in the right hand, which it is a black and white photograph
Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman is a four-time champion
A brown-haired woman is wearing all white clothing, and is hitting a tennis shot.
Molla Bjurstedt Mallory's eight US singles championships is the all–time record among both men and women.
A woman looking away from the camera with a tennis racket in her right hand and a colored sweater on and all white clothing, which this picture is a black and white
Helen Wills Moody is a seven-time champion
Maureen Connolly Brinker was a three-time champion
Year[d] Country Champion Country Runner–up Score
1887 USAEllen Hansell USALaura Knight6–1, 6–0
1888 USABertha Townsend ‡ USAEllen Hansell6–3, 6–5
1889 USABertha Townsend † (2) USALida Voorhees7–5, 6–2
1890 USAEllen Roosevelt ‡ USABertha Townsend6–2, 6–2
1891 GBR[f]Mabel Cahill ‡ USAEllen Roosevelt6–4, 6–1, 4–6, 6–3
1892 GBRMabel Cahill † (2) USAElisabeth Moore5–7, 6–3, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2
1893 USAAline Terry ◊ USAAugusta Schultz6–1, 6–3
1894 USAHelen Hellwig ‡ USAAline Terry7–5, 3–6, 6–0, 3–6, 6–3
1895 USAJuliette Atkinson ‡ USAHelen Hellwig6–4, 6–2, 6–1
1896 USAElisabeth Moore ‡ USAJuliette Atkinson6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2
1897 USAJuliette Atkinson ‡ USAElisabeth Moore (2)6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 3–6, 6–3
1898 USAJuliette Atkinson † (3) USAMarion Jones6–3, 5–7, 6–4, 2–6, 7–5
1899 USAMarion Jones ◊ USAMaud Banks6–1, 6–1, 7–5
1900 USAMyrtle McAteer ◊ USAEdith Parker6–2, 6–2, 6–0
1901 USAElisabeth Moore ‡ (2) USAMyrtle McAteer6–4, 3–6, 7–5, 2–6, 6–2
1902 USAMarion Jones ‡ (2) USAElisabeth Moore6–1, 1–0, retired
1903 USAElisabeth Moore ‡ (3) USAMarion Jones7–5, 8–6
1904 USAMay Sutton ‡ USAElisabeth Moore6–1, 6–2
1905 USAElisabeth Moore ◊ (4) USAHelen Homans6–4, 5–7, 6–1
1906 USAHelen Homans ◊ USAMaud Barger-Wallach6–4, 6–3
1907 USAEvelyn Sears ◊ USACarrie Neely6–3, 6–2
1908 USAMaud Barger-Wallach ‡ USAEvelyn Sears6–3, 1–6, 6–3
1909 USAHazel Hotchkiss Wightman ‡ USAMaud Barger-Wallach6–0, 6–1
1910 USAHazel Hotchkiss Wightman † (2) USALouise Hammond Raymond6–4, 6–2
1911 USAHazel Hotchkiss Wightman † (3) USAFlorence Sutton8–10, 6–1, 9–7
1912 USAMary Browne ‡ USAEleonora Sears6–4, 6–2
1913 USAMary Browne † (2) USADorothy Green6–2, 7–5
1914 USAMary Browne † (3) USAMarie Wagner6–2, 1–6, 6–1
1915 NORMolla Bjurstedt ‡ USAHazel Hotchkiss Wightman4–6, 6–2, 6–0
1916 NORMolla Bjurstedt † (2) USALouise Hammond Raymond6–0, 6–1
1917[e] NORMolla Bjurstedt † (3) USAMarion Vanderhoef4–6, 6–0, 6–2
1918 NORMolla Bjurstedt † (4) USAEleanor Goss6–4, 6–3
1919 USAHazel Hotchkiss Wightman (4) USAMarion Zinderstein6–1, 6–2
1920 USAMolla Mallory (5) USAMarion Zinderstein6–3, 6–1
1921 USAMolla Mallory (6) USAMary Browne4–6, 6–4, 6–2
1922 USAMolla Mallory (7) USAHelen Wills6–3, 6–1
1923 USAHelen Wills USAMolla Mallory6–2, 6–1
1924 USAHelen Wills (2) USAMolla Mallory6–1, 6–3
1925 USAHelen Wills (3) GBRKitty McKane Godfree3–6, 6–0, 6–2
1926 USAMolla Mallory (8) USAElizabeth Ryan4–6, 6–4, 9–7
1927 USAHelen Wills (4) GBRBetty Nuthall6–1, 6–4
1928 USAHelen Wills (5) USAHelen Jacobs6–2, 6–1
1929 USAHelen Wills (6) GBRPhoebe Holcroft Watson6–4, 6–2
1930 GBRBetty Nuthall USAAnna McCune Harper6–1, 6–4
1931 USAHelen Wills Moody (7) GBREileen Bennett Whittingstall6–4, 6–1
1932 USAHelen Jacobs USACarolin Babcock Stark6–2, 6–2
1933 USAHelen Jacobs (2) USAHelen Wills Moody8–6, 3–6, 3–0, retired
1934 USAHelen Jacobs (3) USASarah Palfrey Cooke6–1, 6–4
1935 USAHelen Jacobs (4) USASarah Palfrey Cooke6–2, 6–4
1936 USAAlice Marble USAHelen Jacobs4–6, 6–3, 6–2
1937 CHIAnita Lizana POLJadwiga Jędrzejowska6–4, 6–2
1938 USAAlice Marble (2) AUSNancye Wynne Bolton6–0, 6–3
1939 USAAlice Marble (3) USAHelen Jacobs6–0, 8–10, 6–4
1940 USAAlice Marble (4) USAHelen Jacobs6–2, 6–3
1941 USASarah Palfrey Cooke USAPauline Betz7–5, 6–2
1942 USAPauline Betz USALouise Brough4–6, 6–1, 6–4
1943 USAPauline Betz (2) USALouise Brough6–3, 5–7, 6–3
1944 USAPauline Betz (3) USAMargaret Osborne duPont6–3, 8–6
1945 USASarah Palfrey Cooke (2) USAPauline Betz3–6, 8–6, 6–4
1946 USAPauline Betz (4) USADoris Hart11–9, 6–3
1947 USALouise Brough USAMargaret Osborne duPont8–6, 4–6, 6–1
1948 USAMargaret Osborne duPont USALouise Brough4–6, 6–4, 15–13
1949 USAMargaret Osborne duPont (2) USADoris Hart6–3, 6–1
1950 USAMargaret Osborne duPont (3) USADoris Hart6–4, 6–3
1951 USAMaureen Connolly USAShirley Fry Irvin6–3, 1–6, 6–4
1952 USAMaureen Connolly (2) USADoris Hart6–3, 7–5
1953 USAMaureen Connolly (3) USADoris Hart6–2, 6–4
1954 USADoris Hart USALouise Brough6–8, 6–1, 8–6
1955 USADoris Hart (2) GBRPatricia Ward Hales6–4, 6–2
1956 USAShirley Fry Irvin USAAlthea Gibson6–3, 6–4
1957 USAAlthea Gibson USALouise Brough6–3, 6–2
1958 USAAlthea Gibson (2) USADarlene Hard3–6, 6–1, 6–2
1959 BRAMaria Bueno GBRChristine Truman Janes6–1, 6–4
1960 USADarlene Hard BRAMaria Bueno6–4, 10–12, 6–4
1961 USADarlene Hard (2) GBRAnn Haydon Jones6–3, 6–4
1962 AUSMargaret Court USADarlene Hard9–7, 6–4
1963 BRAMaria Bueno (2) AUSMargaret Court7–5, 6–4
1964 BRAMaria Bueno (3) USACarole Caldwell Graebner6–1, 6–0
1965 AUSMargaret Court (2) USABillie Jean King8–6, 7–5
1966 BRAMaria Bueno (4) USANancy Richey6–3, 6–1
1967 USABillie Jean King GBRAnn Haydon Jones11–9, 6–4

US Open

A brown haired women in a black jacket and white shirt
Billie Jean King is a four-time champion overall and a three-time champion in the open era, and won three in four-year timespan
A blonde-haired female tennis player with multi-colored shorts and a black shirt, with the tennis racket out in front of her
American Chris Evert won an Open Era record four consecutive titles at the US Open between 1975 and 1978, and a record six overall (shared with Serena Williams) with victories in 1980 and 1982.
A blond-haired women wearing a white shirt
Steffi Graf is a five-time champion.
An African American woman in all white clothing, shirt, bandanna, and skirt, is starting the serve of a tennis ball
Serena Williams is a six-time champion, winning these over a fifteen-year period. She shares the Open Era titles record with Chris Evert.
Year[d] Country Champion Country Runner-up Score
1968 GBRVirginia Wade USABillie Jean King6–4, 6–2
1969 AUSMargaret Court (3) USANancy Richey6–2, 6–2
1970 AUSMargaret Court (4) USARosemary Casals6–2, 2–6, 6–1
1971 USABillie Jean King (2) USARosemary Casals6–4, 7–6
1972 USABillie Jean King (3) AUSKerry Melville Reid6–3, 7–5
1973 AUSMargaret Court (5) AUSEvonne Goolagong Cawley7–6, 5–7, 6–2
1974 USABillie Jean King (4) AUSEvonne Goolagong Cawley3–6, 6–3, 7–5
1975 USAChris Evert AUSEvonne Goolagong Cawley5–7, 6–4, 6–2
1976 USAChris Evert (2) AUSEvonne Goolagong Cawley6–3, 6–0
1977 USAChris Evert (3) AUSWendy Turnbull7–6, 6–2
1978 USAChris Evert (4) USAPam Shriver7–5, 6–4
1979 USATracy Austin USAChris Evert6–4, 6–3
1980 USAChris Evert (5) TCH[g]Hana Mandlíková5–7, 6–1, 6–1
1981 USATracy Austin (2) USAMartina Navratilova1–6, 7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–1)
1982 USAChris Evert (6) TCHHana Mandlíková6–3, 6–1
1983 USAMartina Navratilova USAChris Evert6–1, 6–3
1984 USAMartina Navratilova (2) USAChris Evert4–6, 6–4, 6–4
1985 TCH[g]Hana Mandlíková USAMartina Navratilova7–6(7–3), 1–6, 7–6(7–2)
1986 USAMartina Navratilova (3) TCHHelena Suková6–3, 6–2
1987 USAMartina Navratilova (4) FRGSteffi Graf7–6(7–4), 6–1
1988 FRG[h]Steffi Graf ARGGabriela Sabatini6–3, 3–6, 6–1
1989 FRG[h]Steffi Graf (2) USAMartina Navratilova3–6, 7–5, 6–1
1990 ARGGabriela Sabatini FRGSteffi Graf6–2, 7–6(7–4)
1991 YUGMonica Seles USAMartina Navratilova7–6(7–1), 6–1
1992 YUG[i]Monica Seles (2) ESPArantxa Sánchez Vicario6–3, 6–3
1993 GERSteffi Graf (3) CZEHelena Suková6–3, 6–3
1994 ESPArantxa Sánchez Vicario GERSteffi Graf1–6, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
1995 GERSteffi Graf (4) USAMonica Seles7–6(8–6), 0–6, 6–3
1996 GERSteffi Graf (5) USAMonica Seles7–5, 6–4
1997  SUIMartina Hingis USAVenus Williams6–0, 6–4
1998 USALindsay Davenport  SUIMartina Hingis6–3, 7–5
1999 USASerena Williams  SUIMartina Hingis6–3, 7–6(7–4)
2000 USAVenus Williams USALindsay Davenport6–4, 7–5
2001 USAVenus Williams (2) USASerena Williams6–2, 6–4
2002 USASerena Williams (2) USAVenus Williams6–4, 6–3
2003 BELJustine Henin BELKim Clijsters7–5, 6–1
2004 RUSSvetlana Kuznetsova RUSElena Dementieva6–3, 7–5
2005 BELKim Clijsters FRAMary Pierce6–3, 6–1
2006 RUSMaria Sharapova BELJustine Henin6–4, 6–4
2007 BELJustine Henin (2) RUSSvetlana Kuznetsova6–1, 6–3
2008 USASerena Williams (3) SRBJelena Janković6–4, 7–5
2009 BELKim Clijsters (2) DENCaroline Wozniacki7–5, 6–3
2010 BELKim Clijsters (3) RUSVera Zvonareva6–2, 6–1
2011 AUSSamantha Stosur USASerena Williams6–2, 6–3
2012 USASerena Williams (4) BLRVictoria Azarenka6–2, 2–6, 7–5
2013 USASerena Williams (5) BLRVictoria Azarenka7–5, 6–7(6–8), 6–1
2014 USASerena Williams (6) DENCaroline Wozniacki6–3, 6–3
2015 ITAFlavia Pennetta ITARoberta Vinci7–6(7–4), 6–2
2016 GERAngelique Kerber CZEKarolína Plíšková6–3, 4–6, 6–4
2017 USASloane Stephens USAMadison Keys6–3, 6–0
2018 JPNNaomi Osaka USASerena Williams6–2, 6–4

Statistics

In the U.S. National Championships, under the challenge round format, Elisabeth Moore (1896, 1901, 1903, 1905) holds the record for most singles titles with four and Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (1909–1911) holds the record for most consecutive women's singles titles at three. With four consecutive singles titles each, Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (1915–1918) and Helen Jacobs (1932–1935) hold the record for most consecutive women's singles titles won after the challenge round format was abolished. Bjurstedt Mallory's eight singles titles (1915–1918, 1920–1922, 1926) is the all-time record.[3]

During the US Open, since the inclusion of the professional tennis players, Chris Evert (1975–1978) holds the record for most consecutive women's singles titles at four and the record for most overall titles at six (1975–1978, 1980, 1982) with Serena Williams (1999, 2002, 2008, 2012–2014).[3]

This event has been won without losing a set during the open era by Margaret Court in 1969, Billie Jean King in 1971 and 1972, Evert in 1976, 1977 and 1978, Martina Navratilova in 1983 and 1987, Monica Seles in 1992, Steffi Graf in 1996, Martina Hingis in 1997, Lindsay Davenport in 1998, Venus Williams in 2001, Serena Williams in 2002, 2008 and 2014, and Justine Henin in 2007.

Multiple champions

Title defended in the challenge round
Player Amateur Era Open Era All-time Years
  Molla Bjurstedt Mallory (USA) (NOR) 8 0 8 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1922, 1926
 Helen Wills Moody (USA) 7 0 7 1923, 1924, 1925, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931
 Chris Evert (USA) 0 6 6 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
 Serena Williams (USA) 0 6 6 1999, 2002, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014
 Margaret Court (AUS) 2 3 5 1962, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1973
 Steffi Graf (GER)[h] 0 5 5 1988, 1989, 1993, 1995, 1996
 Elisabeth Moore (USA) 4 0 4 1896, 1901, 1903, 1905
 Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman (USA) 4 0 4 1909, 1910, 1911, 1919
 Helen Jacobs (USA) 4 0 4 1932, 1933, 1934, 1935
 Alice Marble (USA) 4 0 4 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940
 Pauline Betz Addie (USA) 4 0 4 1942, 1943, 1944, 1946
 Maria Bueno (BRA) 4 0 4 1959, 1963, 1964, 1966
 Billie Jean King (USA) 1 3 4 1967, 1971, 1972, 1974
 Martina Navratilova (USA) 0 4 4 1983, 1984, 1986, 1987
 Juliette Atkinson (USA) 3 0 3 1895, 1897, 1898
 Mary Browne (USA) 3 0 3 1912, 1913, 1914
 Margaret Osborne duPont (USA) 3 0 3 1948, 1949, 1950
 Maureen Connolly (USA) 3 0 3 1951, 1952, 1953
 Kim Clijsters (BEL) 0 3 3 2005, 2009, 2010
 Bertha Townsend (USA) 2 0 2 1888, 1889
 Mabel Cahill (GBR) 2 0 2 1891, 1892
 Marion Jones (USA) 2 0 2 1899, 1902
 Sarah Palfrey Cooke (USA) 2 0 2 1941, 1945
 Doris Hart (USA) 2 0 2 1954, 1955
 Althea Gibson (USA) 2 0 2 1957, 1958
 Darlene Hard (USA) 2 0 2 1960, 1961
 Tracy Austin (USA) 0 2 2 1979, 1981
  Monica Seles (SCG) (YUG) 0 2 2 1991, 1992
 Venus Williams (USA) 0 2 2 2000, 2001
 Justine Henin (BEL) 0 2 2 2003, 2007

Champions by country

Former country ¤
Country Amateur Era Open Era All-time First title Last title
 United States67259218872017
 Australia24619622011
 Germany[h]06619882016
 Belgium05520032010
 Brazil40419591966
 Great Britain[f]31418911968
 Norway40419151918
 Russia02220042006
 Argentina01119901990
 Italy01120152015
 Serbia and Montenegro[i] ¤01119921992
 Yugoslavia ¤01119911991
 Chile10119371937
 Czechoslovakia[g] ¤01119851985
 Japan01120182018
 Spain01119941994
  Switzerland01119971997

See also

US Open other competitions

Grand Slam women's singles

Notes

References

General

  • "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-02-13.
  • "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
Specific
  1. ↑ "Tournament profile - US Open". atpworldtour.com. ATP Tour, Inc. Retrieved 2009-07-05.
  2. 1 2 "History of the U.S. National Championships/US Open". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on 2009-07-04. Retrieved 2009-06-08.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "History > Women's Singles Championships". usopen.org. IBM, United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original on 2010-02-04. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
  4. 1 2 "US National/US Open Championships" (PDF). usta.com. United States Tennis Association. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-12. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  5. ↑ Fendrich, Howard (2008-10-09). "Federer feels 'much better ... than I ever have'". USA Today. Associated Press (AP). Retrieved 2009-06-24.
  6. ↑ E.J. Crawford (July 12, 2016). "2016 US Open to feature richest purse in tennis history". United States Tennis Association (USTA).
  7. ↑ Andrew Das (July 12, 2016). "Record Prize Money at U.S. Open". www.nytimes.com. The New York Times.
  8. ↑ "Olympus US Open Series at a glance". usopenseries.com. United States Tennis Association. 2009-05-26. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  9. ↑ "Elisabeth Holmes Moore HOF Page". International Tennis Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 10, 2009. Retrieved 2010-02-03.
  10. 1 2 Collins, Bud (2010). The Bud Collins History of Tennis (2nd ed.). [New York]: New Chapter Press. pp. 453, 465–468. ISBN 978-0942257700.
  11. ↑ Ohnsorg, Roger W. (2011). Robert Lindley Murray: The Reluctant U.S. Tennis Champion; includes "The First Forty Years of American Tennis". Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 978-1-4269-4514-4.
  12. 1 2 Axthelm, Pete; Talbert, William F. (1967). Tennis observed: The USLTA men's singles champions, 1881-1966. Barre Publishers.
  13. 1 2 "History > Year-by-Year History". usopen.org. United States Tennis Association (USTA). Retrieved 2017-02-04.
  14. ↑ "Breaking with tradition". The Age. The Age Company Ltd. 2004-01-25. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
  15. ↑ Adams, Susan B. (1998-08-30). "The U.S. Open: A Celebration - A Retrospective: The Men; Twin Pillars of Fire and Ice". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved 2009-07-14.
  16. ↑ "List of Classified Court Surfaces". itftennis.com. ITF Licensing. Retrieved 2009-08-01.
  17. ↑ Williams, Paul B.; Grupp, George W.; Ferris, John A. (1921). United States Lawn Tennis Association and the World War. United States National Lawn Tennis Association, Robert Hamilton company. OCLC 07888301. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
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