List of Turkish football champions
| Founded | 1924 |
|---|---|
| Country | Turkey |
| Number of teams | 18 |
| Level on pyramid | Level 1 |
| Current champions |
Galatasaray (2017–18) |
| Most championships |
De facto: Fenerbahçe (28 titles) De jure: Galatasaray (21 titles) |
The Turkish football champions are the annual winners of the highest association football competition in Turkey. Brought to the country by Englishmen, the sport had first taken root in Istanbul, where the Istanbul Football League was founded and became the first football league in Turkey. Other regional and local leagues followed in other major cities, such as Ankara (1922), Eskişehir (1920), and İzmir (1923).
The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951.[1] The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of each of the country's top regional leagues. At the end of the 1924 edition, Harbiye were the first club to be crowned champions after completing their fixture unbeaten.[2] They are also the only club who have ever changed their name after winning a championship title, changing their name to Harp Okulu after the first of their three titles. Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was the first national league competition and was held until 1950.[3]
A few years later, in 1959, the professional nationwide league was introduced, currently known as the Süper Lig. The league is contested on a double round-robin basis and the championship is awarded to the team that is top of the league at the end of the season. The league originally contained 16 teams. Today the Süper Lig is contested by 18 teams. Of the founding clubs in the league, only Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, and Galatasaray have not been relegated to date. Fenerbahçe are the most successful club, having won 28 titles in total so far.[4][5] However, the Turkish Football Federation denies and does not recognise the titles won in the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, even though they were official championships organised by the TFF itself.
History
Early history and former championships
Football in Turkey stems back to the late 19th century, when Englishmen brought the game with them while living in Salonica (then part of the Turkish Empire).[6] The first league competition was the Istanbul Football League, a regional league for Istanbul clubs which took place in the 1904–05 season. The first champions were HMS Imogene FC. The league went through several variations until the creation of the professional nationwide league (Süper Lig) in 1959. Between the creation of the Istanbul Football League and Süper Lig, several other regional leagues took place: Adana (1923), Ankara (1922), Eskişehir (1920), İzmir (1923), Kayseri (1936), and Trabzon (1923).[7]
The first competition to bring forth a national champion was the Turkish Football Championship (Turkish: Türkiye Futbol Şampiyonası), which began in 1924 and continued until 1951. The championship format was based on a knockout competition, contested between the winners of the country's regional leagues. In some of the early years, the championship could not be held due to insufficient funds.[8]
Started in 1937, the National Division (Turkish: Millî Küme) was a national league competition between the strongest clubs of Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir, which hosted the strongest regional leagues in those decades. The league lasted until 1950.[9] From 1940 to 1950, both top-level championships existed at the same time, which resulted in there being two national champions within a year.
The Federation Cup was created in 1956 and took place as a cup competition to decide a national champion. This champion would go on to participate in the European Cup. The competition was held for two years until it was replaced by the Süper Lig (then known as Millî Lig). Beşiktaş won both editions and earned the right to represent Turkey twice in the European Cup during the two-year span. However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all.[10][11]
Professional nationwide league
The top clubs from Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir competed in the 1959 National League. The first season took place in the calendar year of 1959, instead of 1958–59, because the qualifying stages took place in 1958. The clubs who competed in the first season were Adalet, Beşiktaş, Galatasaray, Beykoz, Karagümrük, Fenerbahçe, İstanbulspor, Vefa (all from Istanbul), Ankaragücü, Ankara Demirspor, Gençlerbirliği, Hacettepe (all from Ankara), Altay, Göztepe, İzmirspor, and Karşıyaka (all from İzmir). Five of these clubs are currently competing in the Süper Lig: Ankaragücü, Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, Galatasaray, and Göztepe. The first champions were Fenerbahçe and the first "Gol Kralı" (top scorer) was Metin Oktay.[12]
The 2.Lig (Second League) was created at the start of the 1963–64 season and the National League (Millî Lig) became known as the 1.Lig (First League). After the creation of a new second division in 2001, from then on known as 1.Lig, the formerly titled 1.Lig became the current Süper Lig.[13]
Champions
Turkish Football Championship (1924–1951)
| Season | Winners[4][14] | Runners-up[4] | Leading goalscorer[15] | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1924 | Harbiye (1) | Bahriye | not available | |
| 1925 | ||||
| 1926 | ||||
| 1927 | Muhafızgücü (1) | Altınordu | not available | |
| 1928 | ||||
| 1929 | ||||
| 1930 | ||||
| 1931 | ||||
| 1932 | İstanbulspor (1) | Altınordu | not available | |
| 1933 | Fenerbahçe (1) | İzmirspor |  |
10 |
| 1934 | Beşiktaş (1) | Altay | not available | |
| 1935 | Fenerbahçe (2) | Altınordu | not available | |
| 1936 | ||||
| 1937 | ||||
| 1938 | ||||
| 1939 | ||||
| 1940 | Eskişehir Demirspor (1) | Fenerbahçe | not available | |
| 1941 | Gençlerbirliği (1) | Beşiktaş | not available | |
| 1942 | Harp Okulu (2) | Göztepe | not available | |
| 1943 | ||||
| 1944 | Fenerbahçe (6) | Harp Okulu | not available | |
| 1945 | Harp Okulu (3) | İzmit Harp Filosu | not available | |
| 1946 | Gençlerbirliği (2) | Beşiktaş | not available | |
| 1947 | Ankara Demirspor (1) | Fenerbahçe | not available | |
| 1948 | ||||
| 1949 | Ankaragücü (1) | Galatasaray | not available | |
| 1950 | Göztepe (1) | Gençlerbirliği | not available | |
| 1951 | Beşiktaş (5) | Altay | not available | |
National Division (1937–1950)
Federation Cup (1956–1958)
(not recognised by TFF until 2002)
| Season | Winners[4][18] | Runners-up[16] | Third place[16] | Leading goalscorer[15][19] | Goals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1956–57 | Beşiktaş (6) | Galatasaray | Altay | |
8 |
| 1957–58 | Beşiktaş (7) | Galatasaray | — | |
10 |
Süper Lig (1959–present)
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Performances
Over the history of the Turkish football championships 14 different clubs have won the title. The most successful club are Fenerbahçe with 28 titles to their credit, most of those coming in Süper Lig competition. They are also the most successful pre-Süper Lig club with 9 titles overall in that era, 6 of them won in the National Division and 3 in the former Turkish Football Championship.
All-time performance (1924–)
In the table below all national championship titles since 1924 are included, including the former Turkish Football Championship and National Division, which are denied and not recognised by the Turkish Football Federation, even though they were official championships organised by the TFF itself.
| Club | Winners[4] | Runners-up | Winning years | Runners-up years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fenerbahçe | 28 | 26 | 1933, 1935, 1937, 1940, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1950, 1959, 1960–61, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1969–70, 1973–74, 1974–75, 1977–78, 1982–83, 1984–85, 1988–89, 1995–96, 2000–01, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2006–07, 2010–11, 2013–14 | 1940, 1944, 1947, 1947, 1959–60, 1961–62, 1966–67, 1970–71, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1979–80, 1983–84, 1989–90, 1991–92, 1993–94, 1997–98, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16, 2017–18 |
| Galatasaray | 22 | 18 | 1939, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1968–69, 1970–71, 1971–72, 1972–73, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1996–97, 1997–98, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2001–02, 2005–06, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2017–18 | 1937, 1940, 1941, 1943, 1949, 1950, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959, 1960–61, 1965–66, 1974–75, 1978–79, 1985–86, 1990–91, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2013–14 |
| Beşiktaş | 20 | 19 | 1934, 1941, 1944, 1947, 1951, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1959–60, 1965–66, 1966–67, 1981–82, 1985–86, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1994–95, 2002–03, 2008–09, 2015–16, 2016–17 | 1938, 1941, 1945, 1946, 1946, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1967–68, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1992–93, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2006–07 |
| Trabzonspor | 6 | 8 | 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81, 1983–84 | 1977–78, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1994–95, 1995–96, 2003–04, 2004–05, 2010–11 |
| Harp Okulu | 3 | 1 | 1924, 1942, 1945 | 1944 |
| Gençlerbirliği | 2 | 1 | 1941, 1946 | 1950 |
| Ankara Demirspor | 1 | 1 | 1947 | 1939 |
| Göztepe | 1 | 1 | 1950 | 1942 |
| Muhafızgücü | 1 | — | 1927 | — |
| İstanbulspor | 1 | — | 1932 | — |
| Güneş | 1 | — | 1938 | — |
| Eskişehir Demirspor | 1 | — | 1940 | — |
| MKE Ankaragücü | 1 | — | 1949 | — |
| Bursaspor | 1 | — | 2009–10 | — |
Performance since 1957
Only five clubs have been champions since the beginning of the Süper Lig in 1959: Galatasaray 21 times, Fenerbahçe 19 times, Beşiktaş 15 times (with an additional two titles counted for star purposes, see note below), Trabzonspor 6 times, and Bursaspor once.
| Club | Winners[18] | Runners-up | Winning years | Runners-up years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Galatasaray |
21 | 10 | 1962, 1963, 1969, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2018 | 1959, 1961, 1966, 1975, 1979, 1986, 1991, 2001, 2003, 2014 |
| Fenerbahçe |
19 | 22 | 1959, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1970, 1974, 1975, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2011, 2014 | 1960, 1962, 1967, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1980, 1984, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018 |
| Beşiktaş |
15 | 14 | 19571, 19581, 1960, 1966, 1967, 1982, 1986, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2009, 2016, 2017 | 1963, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1974, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2007 |
| Trabzonspor |
6 | 8 | 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984 | 1978, 1982, 1983, 1995, 1996, 2004, 2005, 2011 |
| Bursaspor | 1 | — | 2010 | — |
| Eskişehirspor | — | 3 | — | 1969, 1970, 1972 |
| Adanaspor | — | 1 | — | 1981 |
| Sivasspor | — | 1 | — | 2009 |
| Başakşehir | — | 1 | — | 2017 |
1 Beşiktaş formally requested that championships won in the 1956–57 and 1957–58 editions of the Turkish Federation Cup be counted as Turkish championship titles to the Turkish Football Federation. The Cup was established in 1956 to find a national champion to represent Turkey, after UEFA decided that only national champions could participate in the European Cup.[4] Beşiktaş had therefore earned the right to represent Turkey in the 1957–58 and 1958–59 seasons of the European Cup.[11] However, since the Turkish Football Federation failed to register them for the draw in time, they were not able to participate in the 1957–58 season after all.[10] The ruling on this matter was announced in a press release on March 25, 2002 which indicated that the championships won by Beşiktaş in the Federation Cup will be considered as national championship titles.
Star rating system
The honor of Golden Stars was introduced to recognize sides that have won multiple championships or other honours by the display of gold stars on their team badges and jerseys. In Turkey clubs are permitted to place a golden star above their crest for every five national championships won. For the 2018–19 season Galatasaray are permitted four golden stars, Fenerbahçe and Beşiktaş are permitted three golden stars, and Trabzonspor are permitted one golden star to be placed above their crest on their jerseys.[21]
Performance by city (1924–)
The 14 clubs that have won the championship are from a total of 6 cities:
| City | Number of titles | Clubs |
|---|---|---|
| Istanbul | 73 | Fenerbahçe (28), Galatasaray (22), Beşiktaş (20), Harbiye (1), İstanbulspor (1), Güneş (1) |
| Ankara | 7 | Harp Okulu (2), Gençlerbirliği (2), Muhafızgücü (1), Ankara Demirspor (1), MKE Ankaragücü (1) |
| Trabzon | 6 | Trabzonspor (6) |
| Bursa | 1 | Bursaspor (1) |
| Eskişehir | 1 | Eskişehir Demirspor (1) |
| İzmir | 1 | Göztepe (1) |
See also
References
- ↑ "Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluyor". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
1936'ya kadar süren bu dönemde ilk Türkiye Şampiyonası Ankara'da yapılmış ve şampiyon Harbiye olmuştur.
- ↑ "TamSaha dergisi – Memleketin ilk futbol birincisi" (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation, Mehmet Yüce. p. 66. Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
- ↑ "Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu Kuruluyor". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
...ilk deplasmanlı lig kapsamındaki Milli Küme maçları da yine bu dönemde tertip edilmiştir.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Baki Demirkiran. "Turkey – List of Champions". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ↑ "19 değil, 28 şampiyonluk". trthaber.com (in Turkish). TRT Haber. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- ↑ "Before the national Turkish leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "The champions of the regional leagues". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "TamSaha – Ayaktopu Hikayeleri (14)" (PDF) (in Turkish). No. 135. Turkish Football Federation. February 2016. p. 90. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
- 1 2 "Milli Küme". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- 1 2 "Federation Cup 56/57". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- 1 2 "Federation Cup 57/58". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "1959 Milli Lig". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "1963–1964 1. Lig". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "Türkiye Futbol Birinciliği". Erdinç Sivritepe. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
- 1 2 3 4 "Turkey – List of Topscorers". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 20 May 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 5 "Turkey – Final Tables". rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ↑ "Türkiye Milli Eğitim Kupası". mackolik.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- 1 2 3 "Süper Lig Şampiyonu Takımlar". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 18 January 2018.
- ↑ "Türkiye Federasyon Kupası". mackolik.com (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ↑ "Ligin Gol Kralları". tff.org (in Turkish). Turkish Football Federation. Retrieved 24 April 2018.
- ↑ "15. şampiyonluk, 3 yıldız" (in Turkish). Eurosport. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- Sources
- Yüce, Mehmet (2015). İdmancı Ruhlar: Futbol Tarihimizin Klasik Devreleri: 1923–1952. Türkiye Futbol Tarihi (in Turkish). 2. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları. ISBN 9789750516955.
External links
- Turkey – List of Champions, RSSSF
- Official Website of TFF (in Turkish)
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