List of Columbiformes by population

This is a list of Columbiformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

This list is not comprehensive, as not all Columbiformes have had their numbers quantified.

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Negros fruit-dovePtilinopus arcanus50[1]CR[1]Decrease[1]Maximum estimate; possibly extinct.[1]
Silvery pigeonColumba argentina50[2]CR[2]Decrease[2]Preliminary maximum estimate; may be revised upwards.[2]
Sulu bleeding-heartGallicolumba menagei50[3]CR[3]Decrease[3]Maximum estimate; may be extinct.[3]
Blue-eyed ground-doveColumbina cyanopis70 – 400[4]CR[4]Decrease[4]
Mindoro bleeding-heartGallicolumba platenae70 – 400[5]CR[5]Decrease[5]
Negros bleeding-heartGallicolumba keayi70 – 400[6]CR[6]Decrease[6]
Purple-winged ground-doveClaravis geoffroyi70 – 400[7]CR[7]Decrease[7]
Socorro doveZenaida graysoni100[8]EW[8]N/ANot recorded in the wild since 1972. Re-introductions are planned.[8]
Polynesian ground-doveGallicolumba erythroptera100 – 200[9]CR[9]Decrease[9]
Grenada doveLeptotila wellsi130[10]CR[10]Steady[10]
Rapa fruit-dovePtilinopus huttoni270 – 274[11]VU[11]Steady[11]Estimate dates from 1991.[11]
Marquesan imperial pigeonDucula galeata300[12]EN[12]Increase[12]Minimum estimate.[12]
Lilac-crowned fruit-dovePtilinopus rarotongensis350 – 1500[13]VU[13]Steady[13]
São Tomé olive pigeonColumba thomensis350 – 1500[14]EN[14]Decrease[14]
Sri Lanka wood pigeonColumba torringtoniae350 – 1500[15]VU[15]Decrease[15]
Tawitawi brown dovePhapitreron cinereiceps350 – 1500[16]EN[16]Decrease[16]
Tuxtla quail-doveGeotrygon carrikeri350 – 1500[17]EN[17]Decrease[17]
White-fronted ground-doveGallicolumba kubaryi350 – 1500[18]VU[18]Decrease[18]
Pink pigeonNesoenas mayeri360 – 395[19]EN[19]Decrease[19]
Makatea fruit-dovePtilinopus chalcurus444 – 2219[20]VU[20]Steady[20]
Blue-headed quail-doveStarnoenas cyanocephala1000 – 2499[21]EN[21]Decrease[21]Population may be underestimated.[21]
Chestnut-bellied imperial pigeonDucula brenchleyi1000 – 2499[22]VU[22]Decrease[22]
Mindoro imperial pigeonDucula mindorensis1000 – 2499[23]EN[23]Decrease[23]
Palau ground-doveGallicolumba canifrons1000 – 2499[24]NT[24]Steady[24]
Santa Cruz ground-doveGallicolumba sanctaecrucis1000 – 2499[25]EN[25]Decrease[25]
Tolima doveLeptotila conoveri1000 – 2499[26]EN[26]Decrease[26]
Tooth-billed pigeonDidunculus strigirostris1000 – 2499[27]EN[27]Decrease[27]May be overestimated.[27]
Timor green pigeonTreron psittaceus1000 – 3000[28]EN[28]Decrease[28]Preliminary estimate.[28]
Christmas imperial pigeonDucula whartoni1000 – 10 000[29]NT[29]Steady[29]Numbers may be underestimated.[29]
Polynesian imperial pigeonDucula aurorae1206[30]EN[30]Increase[30]Preliminary estimate.[30]
Marquesan ground-doveGallicolumba rubescens1500[31]VU[31]Steady[31]
Mindanao bleeding-heartGallicolumba crinigera1500 – 4000[32]VU[32]Decrease[32]
Plain pigeonPatagioenas inornata1500 – 6100[33]NT[33]Decrease[33]
Black cuckoo-doveTuracoena modesta2500 – 9999[34]NT[34]Decrease[34]
Comoros olive pigeonColumba pollenii2500 – 9999[35]NT[35]Decrease[35]
Grey imperial pigeonDucula pickeringii2500 – 9999[36]VU[36]Decrease[36]
Grey-fronted quail-doveGeotrygon caniceps2500 – 9999[37]VU[37]Decrease[37]
Mariana fruit-dovePtilinopus roseicapilla2500 – 9999[38]EN[38]Decrease[38]
Victoria crowned pigeonGoura victoria2500 – 9999[39]VU[39]Decrease[39]
Carunculated fruit-dovePtilinopus granulifrons3500 – 15 000[40]VU[40]Decrease[40]
Laurel pigeonColumba junoniae3000 – 7500[41]NT[41]Increase[41]
Flame-breasted fruit-dovePtilinopus marchei3500 – 15 000[42]VU[42]Decrease[42]
Flores green pigeonTreron floris3500 – 15 000[43]VU[43]Decrease[43]
Maranon pigeonPatagioenas oenops3500 – 15 000[44]VU[44]Decrease[44]
Mindanao brown dovePhapitreron brunneiceps3500 – 15 000[45]VU[45]Decrease[45]
New Britain bronzewingHenicophaps foersteri3500 – 15 000[46]VU[46]Decrease[46]
Nilgiri wood pigeonColumba elphinstonii3500 – 15 000[47]VU[47]Decrease[47]
Pemba green pigeonTreron pembaensis3500 – 15 000[48]VU[48]Decrease[48]Preliminary estimate.[48]
Ring-tailed pigeonPatagioenas caribaea3500 – 15 000[49]VU[49]Decrease[49]
Pale-capped pigeonColumba punicea3500 – 15 000[50]VU[50]Decrease[50]
São Tomé green pigeonTreron sanctithomae3500 – 15 000[51]VU[51]Decrease[51]
Spotted imperial pigeonDucula carola3500 – 15 000[52]VU[52]Decrease[52]
Tongan ground-doveGallicolumba stairi3500 – 15 000[53]VU[53]Decrease[53]
Vanuatu imperial pigeonDucula bakeri3500 – 15 000[54]VU[54]Decrease[54]
Western crowned pigeonGoura cristata3500 – 15 000[55]VU[55]Decrease[55]
Wetar ground-doveGallicolumba hoedtii3500 – 15 000[56]EN[56]Decrease[56]
Yellow-legged pigeonColumba pallidiceps3500 – 15 000[57]VU[57]Decrease[57]
Bolle's pigeonColumba bollii5000 – 20 000[58]LC[58]Increase[58]
Trocaz pigeonColumba trocaz8500 – 10 000[59]LC[59]Increase[59]
Red-naped fruit-dovePtilinopus dohertyi9100[60]VU[60]Decrease[60]
Whistling fruit-dovePtilinopus layardi10 000[61]NT[61]Steady[61]Minimum estimate.[61]
Azuero doveLeptotila battyi10 000 – 19 999[62]VU[62]Decrease[62]Preliminary estimate.[62]
Southern crowned pigeonGoura scheepmakeri10 000 – 19 999[63]VU[63]Decrease[63]
Timor imperial pigeonDucula cineracea10 000 – 19 999[64]EN[64]Decrease[64]
Sumba green pigeonTreron teysmannii14 000[65]NT[65]Decrease[65]
Finsch's imperial pigeonDucula finschii15 000 – 30 000[66]NT[66]Decrease[66]
Large green pigeonTreron capellei15 000 – 30 000[67]VU[67]Decrease[67]
Pied cuckoo-doveReinwardtoena browni15 000 – 30 000[68]NT[68]Decrease[68]
Red-knobbed imperial pigeonDucula rubricera15 000 – 30 000[69]NT[69]Decrease[69]
Yellow-eyed pigeonColumba eversmanni15 000 – 30 000[70]VU[70]Decrease[70]
Yellowish imperial pigeonDucula subflavescens15 000 – 30 000[71]NT[71]Decrease[71]
Caribbean doveLeptotila jamaicensis20 000 – 49 999[72]LC[72]Steady[72]
Maroon-chested ground-doveClaravis mondetoura20 000 – 49 999[73]LC[73]Steady[73]
Ochre-bellied doveLeptotila ochraceiventris20 000 – 49 999[74]VU[74]Decrease[74]
Grey-chested doveLeptotila cassinii50 000 – 499 999[75]LC[75]Steady[75]
Long-tailed mountain pigeonGymnophaps mada50 000 – 99 000[76]LC[76]Steady[76]
Short-billed pigeonPatagioenas nigrirostris50 000 – 499 999[77]LC[77]Steady[77]
White-faced quail-doveGeotrygon albifacies50 000 – 499 999[78]LC[78]Decrease[78]
Goliath imperial pigeonDucula goliath100 000[79]NT[79]Unknown[79]
Partridge pigeonGeophaps smithii126 000[80]VU[80]Decrease[80]Numbers are for mature individuals only. Divided into two subspecies: G. smithii smithi (120 000) & G. smithii blaauwi (6000).[80]
Cloven-feathered doveDrepanoptila holosericea140 000[81]NT[81]Unknown[81]Minimum estimate.[81]
Spectacled imperial pigeonDucula perspicillata500 000 – 999 000[82]LC[82]Steady[82]
Black-bellied sandgrousePterocles orientalis500 000 – 4 000 000[83]LC[83]Decrease[83]
Blue ground-doveClaravis pretiosa500 000 – 4 999 999[84]LC[84]Steady[84]
Scaled pigeonPatagioenas speciosa500 000 – 4 999 999[85]LC[85]Decrease[85]
Zenaida doveZenaida aurita500 000 – 4 999 999[86]LC[86]Increase[86]
Stock doveColumba oenas1 700 000 – 3 000 000[87]LC[87]Steady[87]
Pale-vented pigeonPatagioenas cayennensis5 000 000 – 50 000 000[88]LC[88]Steady[88]
Plain-breasted ground-doveColumbina minuta5 000 000 – 50 000 000[89]LC[89]Steady[89]
Ruddy quail-doveGeotrygon montana5 000 000 – 50 000 000[90]LC[90]Decrease[90]
Eurasian collared doveStreptopelia decaocto20 000 000 – 50 000 000[91]LC[91]Increase[91]
European turtle doveStreptopelia turtur20 000 000 – 100 000 000[92]LC[92]Decrease[92]
Common wood pigeonColumba palumbus30 000 000 – 70 000 000[93]LC[93]Increase[93]Preliminary estimate.[93]
Rock doveColumba livia260 000 000[94]LC[94]Decrease[94]
Mourning doveZenaida macroura475 000 000[95]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus arcanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  2. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba argentina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  3. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba menagei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  4. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columbina cyanopis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  5. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba platenae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  6. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba keayi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  7. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis geoffroyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  8. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Zenaida graysoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  9. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba erythroptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  10. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila wellsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  11. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus huttoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  12. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula galeata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  13. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus rarotongensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  14. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba thomensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  15. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba torringtoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  16. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phapitreron cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  17. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon carrikeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  18. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba kubaryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  19. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Nesoenas mayeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  20. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus chalcurus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  21. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Starnoenas cyanocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  22. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula brenchleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  23. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  24. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba canifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  25. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba sanctaecrucis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  26. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila conoveri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  27. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Didunculus strigirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  28. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron psittaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  29. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula whartoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  30. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula aurorae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  31. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba rubescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  32. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba crinigera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  33. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas inornata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  34. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Turacoena modesta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  35. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba pollenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  36. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula pickeringii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  37. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon caniceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  38. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus roseicapilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  39. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura victoria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  40. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus granulifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  41. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba junoniae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  42. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus marchei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  43. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron floris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  44. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas oenops". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  45. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Phapitreron brunneiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  46. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Henicophaps foersteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  47. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba elphinstonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  48. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron pembaensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  49. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas caribaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  50. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba punicea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  51. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron sanctithomae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  52. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula carola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  53. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba stairi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  54. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula bakeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  55. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  56. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gallicolumba hoedtii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  57. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba pallidiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  58. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba bollii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  59. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba trocaz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  60. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus dohertyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  61. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Ptilinopus layardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  62. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila battyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  63. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Goura scheepmakeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  64. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula cineracea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  65. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron teysmannii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  66. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula finschii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  67. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Treron capellei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  68. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Reinwardtoena browni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  69. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula rubricera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  70. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba eversmanni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  71. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula subflavescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  72. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila jamaicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  73. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis mondetoura". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  74. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila ochraceiventris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  75. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Leptotila cassini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  76. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Gymnophaps mada". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  77. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas nigrirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  78. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon albifacies". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  79. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula goliath". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-25. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  80. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Geophaps smithii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  81. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Drepanoptila holosericea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  82. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Ducula perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  83. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pterocles orientalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  84. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Claravis pretiosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  85. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas speciosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  86. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Zenaida aurita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  87. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba oenas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  88. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Patagioenas cayennensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  89. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columbina minuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  90. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Geotrygon montana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  91. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Streptopelia decaocto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  92. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Streptopelia turtur". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  93. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba palumbus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  94. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Columba livia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-12. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
  95. ↑ Mirarchi, R.E., and Baskett, T.S. 1994. Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura). In The Birds of North America, No. 117 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, DC: The American Ornithologists' Union.
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