List of Anseriformes by population

This is a list of Anseriformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields.

Anseriformes (Anser being Latin for "goose") is the taxonomic order to which the ducks, geese, swans, and screamers belong. BirdLife International has assessed 166 species; 89 (54% of total species) have had their population estimated. A variety of methods are used for counting waterfowl. For example, in North America, national and sub-national agencies use planes and helicopters to make aerial transects of breeding populations, and extrapolate these counts over the species' known ranges. Methodologies are continuously being refined; thus estimates can be expected to become more accurate over time. Forecasts can be made by studying habitat condition trends and by interviewing local experts.[1] For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

The first bird in this list, the crested shelduck, retains a status of Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List but may in fact be extinct. The last confirmed reporting was in 1964 near Vladivostok. North Korea claimed a sighting in March 1971, but this record is highly suspect. Unconfirmed reports do, however, periodically roll in from Northeast China, giving scientists hope that the last individual has not yet died.[2] To be assessed as Critically Endangered a species must have experienced a decline of at least 80% in the past ten years or three generations, or be projected to decline that much in the future ten years or three generations.[3] As some species below are rapidly approaching their minimum viable population (MVP), the future may see their removal from the list and addition to the preceding paragraph.

Extinct species:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Crested shelduckTadorna cristata50[2]CR[2]Unknown[2]Estimate is a likely maximum.[2]
Madagascar pochardAythya innotata50[13]CR[13]Steady[13]Maximum estimate; recently rediscovered.[13]
Brazilian merganserMergus octosetaceus50 – 249[14]CR[14]Decrease[14]Estimate is for mature individuals only; numbers may be higher.[14]
Campbell tealAnas nesiotis150 – 300[15]EN[15]Increase[15]
Baer's pochardAythya baeri250 – 999[16]CR[16]Decrease[16]
Andaman teal Anas albogularis 250 – 999[17]VU[17] Steady[17] Estimate is for mature individuals only; numbers may be higher.[17]
White-winged duckCairina scutulata350 – 1500[18]EN[18]Decrease[18]
Laysan duckAnas laysanensis521[19]CR[19]Increase[19]
Auckland tealAnas aucklandica600 – 2000[20]VU[20]Steady[20]Estimate is for mature individuals only.[20]
Bernier's tealAnas bernieri1500 – 2500[21]EN[21]Decrease[21]
Blue duckHymenolaimus malacorhynchos1800[22]EN[22]Decrease[22]
Brown tealAnas chlorotis1900[23]NT[23]Increase[23]
Meller's duckAnas melleri2000 – 5000[24]EN[24]Decrease[24]
Hawaiian duckAnas wyvilliana2200[25]EN[25]Decrease[25]
NeneBranta sandvicensis2500[26]VU[26]Increase[26]
Bronze-winged duckSpeculanas specularis2500 – 9999[27]NT[27]Steady[27]
Northern screamerChauna chavaria2500 – 9999[28]NT[28]Decrease[28]
Salvadori's tealSalvadorina waigiuensis2500 – 20 000[29]VU[29]Decrease[29]
Scaly-sided merganserMergus squamatus3600 – 6800[30]EN[30]Decrease[30]Estimate is rough; further research needed.[30]
New Zealand scaupAythya novaeseelandiae5000 – 10 000[31]LC[31]Increase[31]
Philippine duckAnas luzonica5000 – 10 000[32]VU[32]Decrease[32]
Chubut steamer duckTachyeres leucocephalus5300 – 5600[33]VU[33]Decrease[33]
White-headed duckOxyura leucocephala7 900 – 13 100[34]EN[34]Decrease[34]
Maccoa duckOxyura maccoa9 000 – 11 750[35]NT[35]Decrease[35]
Andean tealAnas andium10 000 – 19 999[36]LC[36]Decrease[36]
Blue-winged gooseCyanochen cyanoptera10 000 – 25 000[37]VU[37]Decrease[37]
Coscoroba swanCoscoroba coscoroba10 000 – 25 000[38]LC[38]Steady[38]
Orinoco gooseNeochen jubata10 000 – 25 000[39]NT[39]Decrease[39]Estimate is for mature individuals only.[30]
Spotted whistling duckDendrocygna guttata10 000 – 25 000[40]LC[40]Steady[40]
Sunda teal Anas gibberifrons 10 000 – 100 000[41] NT [41] Steady[41]
Flying steamer duckTachyeres patachonicus11 000 – 26 000[42]LC[42]Decrease[42]
Freckled duckStictonetta naevosa11 000 – 26 000[43]LC[43]Steady[43]
White-backed duckThalassornis leuconotus12 000 – 28 000[44]LC[44]Decrease[44]
Cape Barren gooseCereopsis novaehollandiae16 000 – 18 000[45]LC[45]Steady[45]
Blue-billed duckOxyura australis18 000[46]NT[46]Steady[46]
Hartlaub's duckPteronetta hartlaubii26 000 – 110 000[47]LC[47]Decrease[47]
Lesser white-fronted gooseAnser erythropus28 000 – 33 000[48]VU[48]Decrease[48]
Eaton's pintailAnas eatoni31 200 – 41 400 [49]VU[49]Decrease[49]Has not been estimated since the 1980s; numbers have probably declined.[49]
Red-breasted gooseBranta ruficollis37 000[50]EN[50]Decrease[50]Minimum estimate.[50]
Ruddy-headed gooseChloephaga rubidiceps43 000 – 82 000[51]LC[51]Decrease[51]
Marbled duckMarmaronetta angustirostris50 000 – 55 000[52]VU[52]Decrease[52]
Masked duckNomonyx dominicus50 000 – 499 999[53]LC[53]Decrease[53]
Muscovy duckCairina moschata50 000 – 499 000[54]LC[54]Decrease[54]
Swan gooseAnser cygnoides60 000 – 90 000[55]VU[55]Decrease[55]
Mandarin duckAix galericulata65 000 – 66 000[56]LC[56]Decrease[56]
Emperor gooseChen canagica85 000[57]NT[57]Decrease[57]Minimum estimate.[57]
Falcated duckAnas falcata89 000[58]NT[58]Decrease[58]Minimum estimate.[58]
Black swanCygnus atratus100 000 – 1 000 000[59]LC[59]Steady[59]
SmewMergellus albellus130 000[60]LC[60]Decrease[60]Minimum estimate.[60]
Cotton pygmy gooseNettapus coromandelianus130 000 – 1 100 000[61]LC[61]Steady[61]
Ruddy shelduckTadorna ferruginea170 000 – 220 000[62]LC[62]Unknown[62]
Whooper swanCygnus cygnus180 000[63]LC[63]Unknown[63]Minimum estimate.[63]
Pacific black duckAnas superciliosa180 000 – 1 200 000 [64]LC[64]Unknown[64]
Harlequin duckHistrionicus histrionicus190 000 – 380 000[65]LC[65]Increase[65]
Lesser whistling duckDendrocygna javanica200 000 – 2 000 000[66]LC[66]Steady[66]
Surf scoterMelanitta perspicillata250 000 – 1 300 000[67]LC[67]Decrease[67]
Tundra swanCygnus columbianus300 000[68]LC[68]Unknown[68]Minimum estimate.[68]
Spectacled eiderSomateria fischeri330 000 – 390 000[69]LC[69]Decrease[69]
Velvet scoterMelanitta fusca380 000[70]EN[70]Decrease[70]
Red-breasted merganserMergus serrator510 000 – 610 000[71]LC[71]Steady[71]
Black scoterMelanitta americana530 000 – 830 000[72]NT[72]Decrease[72]
Brant gooseBranta bernicla560 000[73]LC[73]Unknown[73]Minimum estimate.[73]
Common shelduckTadorna tadorna580 000 – 710 000[74]LC[74]Increase[74]
Mute swanCygnus olor600 000 – 610 000[75]LC[75]Increase[75]
West Indian whistling duckDendrocygna arborea600 000 – 610 000[76]VU[76]Increase[76]
White-winged scoterMelanitta stejnegeri600 000 – 1 000 000[77]LC[77]Decrease[77]
King eiderSomateria spectabilis790 000 – 930 000[78]LC[78]Decrease[78]
Spot-billed duckAnas zonorhyncha800 000 – 1 600 000[79]LC[79]Decrease[79]
Cackling gooseBranta hutchinsii920 000 – 1 400 000[80]LC[80]Unknown[80]
Magpie gooseAnseranas semipalmata1 000 000[81]LC[81]Steady[81]
Rosy-billed pochardNetta peposaca1 000 000[82]LC[82]Increase[82]
Grey tealAnas gracilis1 000 000 – 1 100 000[83]LC[83]Decrease[83]
Greylag gooseAnser anser1 000 000 – 1 100 000[84]LC[84]Increase[84]
Black-bellied whistling duckDendrocygna autumnalis1 100 000 – 2 000 000[85]LC[85]Increase[85]
BuffleheadBucephala albeola1 200 000[86]LC[86]Increase[86]Minimum estimate.[86]
Greater scaupAythya marila1 200 000 – 1 400 000[87]LC[87]Decrease[87]
Fulvous whistling duckDendrocygna bicolor1 300 000 – 1 500 000[88]LC[88]Decrease[88]
Common scoterMelanitta nigra1 600 000[89]LC[89]Unknown[89]
Common merganserMergus merganser1 700 000 – 2 400 000[90]LC[90]Increase[90]
White-faced whistling duckDendrocygna viduata1 700 000 – 2 800 000[91]LC[91]Increase[91]
Common pochardAythya ferina2 200 000 – 2 500 000[92]LC[92]Decrease[92]
Common goldeneyeBucephala clangula2 500 000 – 4 600 000[93]LC[93]Steady[93]
GarganeyAnas querquedula2 600 000 – 2 800 000[94]LC[94]Decrease[94]
Tufted duckAythya fuligula2 600 000 – 2 900 000[95]LC[95]Steady[95]
Eurasian wigeonAnas penelope2 800 000 – 3 300 000[96]LC[96]Decrease[96]
Common eiderSomateria mollissima3 100 000 – 3 800 000[97]LC[97]Unknown[97]
GadwallAnas strepera3 200 000 – 3 800 000[98]LC[98]Unknown[98]
Northern pintailAnas acuta5 300 000 – 5 400 000[99]LC[99]Decrease[99]
Northern shovelerAnas clypeata5 500 000 – 6 000 000[100]LC[100]Decrease[100]
Long-tailed duckClangula hyemalis6 200 000 – 6 800 000[101]VU[101]Decrease[101]
MallardAnas platyrhynchos19 000 000[102]LC[102]Decrease[102]Minimum estimate.[102]

See also

References

  1. ↑ United States Fish and Wildlife Service (20 July 2012). "Waterfowl Population Status, 2012" (PDF). Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna cristata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  3. ↑ IUCN (2001). "V. THE CRITERIA FOR CRITICALLY ENDANGERED, ENDANGERED AND VULNERABLE". Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  4. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Alopochen kervazoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  5. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Alopochen mauritianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  6. ↑ Olson, Storrs L.; Jouventin, Pierre (February 1996). "A new species of small flightless duck from Amsterdam Island, southern Indian Ocean (Anatidae: Anas)" (PDF). The Condor. 98 (1): 1–9. doi:10.2307/1369501. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  7. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Anas marecula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  8. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Anas theodori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  9. ↑ Amidon, Fred (23 Feb 2004). "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing the Mariana Mallard and the Guam Broadbill From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife" (PDF). Federal Register. 69 (34): 8116–8119. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  10. ↑ "New Zealand Ecology: Teal". TerraNature Trust. 2010–2011. Retrieved 2012-12-23.
  11. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Camptorhynchus labradorius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  12. ↑ BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  13. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya innotata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  14. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus octosetaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  15. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas nesiotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  16. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya baeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Anas albogularis (Andaman Teal)". www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  18. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cairina scutulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-14. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  19. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas laysanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  20. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas aucklandica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  21. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas bernieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  22. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  23. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas chlorotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  24. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas melleri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  25. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas wyvilliana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  26. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Branta sandvicensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  27. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Speculanas specularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  28. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Chauna chavaria". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  29. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Salvadorina waigiuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  30. 1 2 3 4 5 BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus squamatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  31. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya novaeseelandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  32. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas luzonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-11. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  33. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Tachyeres leucocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  34. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura leucocephala". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  35. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura maccoa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  36. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas andium". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  37. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cyanochen cyanoptera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  38. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Coscoroba coscoroba". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  39. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Neochen jubata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  40. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna guttata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  41. 1 2 3 "Anas gibberifrons (Sunda Teal)". www.iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 2018-07-24.
  42. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Tachyeres patachonicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  43. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Stictonetta naevosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  44. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Thalassornis leuconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  45. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cereopsis novaehollandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  46. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Oxyura australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  47. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Pteronetta hartlaubii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  48. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anser erythropus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  49. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas eatoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  50. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Branta ruficollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  51. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Chloephaga rubidiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  52. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Marmaronetta angustirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  53. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Nomonyx dominicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  54. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cairina moschata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  55. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anser cygnoides". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  56. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aix galericulata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Archived from the original on 2012-11-25. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  57. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Chen canagica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  58. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas falcata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  59. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus atratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  60. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Mergellus albellus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  61. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Nettapus coromandelianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  62. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna ferruginea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  63. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus cygnus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  64. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas superciliosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  65. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Histrionicus histrionicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  66. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna javanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  67. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta perspicillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  68. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus columbianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  69. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria fischeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  70. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta fusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  71. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus octosetaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  72. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  73. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Branta bernicla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  74. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Tadorna tadorna". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  75. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Cygnus olor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  76. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna arborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  77. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta stejnegeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  78. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria spectabilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  79. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas zonorhyncha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  80. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Branta hutchinsii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  81. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anseranas semipalmata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  82. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Netta peposaca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  83. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas gracilis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  84. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anser anser". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  85. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna autumnalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  86. 1 2 3 4 BirdLife International (2012). "Bucephala albeola". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  87. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya marila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  88. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna bicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  89. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Melanitta nigra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  90. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Mergus merganser". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  91. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Dendrocygna viduata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  92. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya ferina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  93. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Bucephala clangula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  94. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas querquedula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  95. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Aythya fuligula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  96. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas penelope". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  97. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Somateria mollissima". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
  98. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2012). "Anas strepera". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. IUCN. Retrieved 2012-11-28.
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