List of Alvar Aalto's works

Alvar Aalto (1898–1976) was a Finnish architect, and one of the key figures of modernist architecture during the twentieth century. In addition to architecture, his oeuvre includes furniture, textiles and glassware. A full annotated encyclopedia of his entire works was compiled by his biographer Göran Schildt, Alvar Aalto, A Life's work: Architecture, Design and Art (1994).

Works

Buildings

Alvar Aalto's Work
Year Name Location Notes
1917Park café[1]Exercise while at Institute of Technology
1918House[2][3]AlajärviFor his parents
1918-1919[nb 1]Church and belfry[3]KauhajärviTwo separate plans were created with the first being the belfry alone and the second the entire church. The second was not utilized.[4]
1919Shop renovation[1]AlajärviSince demolished
1919Hoisko shop renovation[1]AlajärviNot carried out
1919Soldiers' Memorial[5]Alajärvi, Töysä, and KemiAlajärvi was the only chosen design.[nb 2]
1919Youth Association Building[6]AlajärviWas damaged by fire in the 1970s, but has since been restored.[nb 3]
1919Municipal granary[7]Training assignment while at the Institute of Technology.
1920Grand Hotel Adalmina[1]HelsinkiAnother exercise for school
1920Soldiers' Memorial[5]OuluNo drawings survive
1920?Town hall[8]JyväskyläTraining assignment while at the Institute of Technology
1920?Town hall[8]IisalmiCompetition piece with no surviving drawings[nb 4]
1920'sSick ward for retirement home[9]JyväskyläSketches[nb 5]
1920'sSauna[10]TöysäBuilt for Terho Manner (mother's cousin).[nb 6]
1920-1921Vicarage[11]TöysäDrawings are lost[nb 5]
1920-1923Elementary school[12]Kauhajärvi and LappajärviRenovation[nb 6]
1921Screen for the Old Student House[13]HelsinkiNever completed
1921Theater[13]HelsinkiKansan Näyttämö Theater
1921-1922[nb 7]Association of Patriots Building[3]Seinäjoki
1922Industrial Exposition[2][3][14]Tampere
1922-19232-family house[3]Jyväskylä
1923Church[15]ToivakkaRestoration
1923[nb 8]Finnish Parliament House and restaurant[3]HelsinkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1923Gate and fence of the garrison[8]KouvolaPlans lost[nb 9]
1923Siting for the Finnish Parliament House[8]HelsinkiAnonymous entry presumed to be Aalto's.
1923-1924Library wing[16]HelsinkiPart of the Parliament House plan[nb 4]
1923-1924Apartment buildingJyväskylä
1923-1924?Gravestones[17]Sketches of 20+ tombs and some with pen. Unknown if any were used.
1923-1925[nb 10]Trade Union Houses and Theater[2][14]JyväskyläHas been restored[nb 11]
1924Bandstand[13]SeinäjokiSeparate building behind the Defence Corps Building
1924Petrol station[18]Jyväskylä
1924Song Festival[13]JyväskyläArchways, fountains, and a concert stand in Lounaispuisto Park
1924Church[3][14][19]ÄänekoskiRemodel of the church and furniture for the parish cafeteria.[nb 12]
1924Church[19]PertunmaaRenovation[nb 5]
1924Simunamkoski Fishery[7]LaukaaNever completed
1924-1928Municipal Hospital[20]AlajärviOriginal plan overhauled by building office chief.
1924-1929[nb 13]Defence Corps Building[3]Jyväskylä
1925Seurahuone Café[1]JyväskyläConversion of portion of the Defence Corps building into Café
1925Café[1]JyväskyläRenovation of cafè into three shops
1925Church[4]PertunmaaSame church as above; however these plans called for an entirely new church to be built.[nb 5]
1925?Church[22]Unknown locationlocated in the drawings for the Defence Corps Building.
1925Church[3][23]JämsäCompetition project[nb 4]
1925Church[3][19]ViitasaariRemodel
1925Public restroom[7]JyväskyläLounaipuisto Park[nb 6]
1925[nb 14]Church[2]AnttolaRestoration
1925Retirement home[20]SäynäätsaloTwo separate sketches[nb 5]
1925-1927Taulumäki Church[25]JyväskyläUnbidden before the contest in 1927, Aalto submitted this plan .
1925-1930Funeral chapel[26]JyväskyläTwo separate plans.[nb 5]
1926Villa Flora[3]AlajärviAino Aalto[3]
19262 kiosks[27]JyväskyläDemolished since
1926Rauhanyhdistys (Peace Society Building)[28]Jyväskylä
1926Vicarage[11]JyväskyläFour different entries in the competition[nb 4]
1926Jyväskylä Savings Bank[29]JyväskyläSeveral proposals[nb 5]
1926Power plant[7]ImatraNever completed
1926Casa Väinö Aalto[3]Alajärvi
1926Church[14]TampereRemodel
1926Union Bank[29]HelsinkiCompetition piece<group=nb name=nw/>
1926Town plan[30]KeuruuPlans no longer in existence[nb 5]
1926-1927Town plan[30][nb 5]JämsäSammallahti industrial estate
1926-1927League of Nations (Palais des Nations)[3][31]GenevaSketches for a competition only[nb 4]
1926-1927Korpilahti Church[19]KorpilahtiMajority of Aalto's work was not completed
1926-1928[nb 15]Church and Bell-Tower[2]PylkönmäkiRestoration of church and construction of bell tower
1927?Health spa[20]Pärnu, EstoniaCompetition piece that only some early sketches are all that survived.[nb 4]
1927Service station and newsstand[18]JyväskyläNo longer in existence
1927Renovation of retirement home[9]Pihlajavesi?Unfinished pencil sketches only[nb 5]
1927Church[19]RistiinaPlans did not survive.[nb 5]
1927Meat inspection building[7][nb 6]Jyväskylä
1927Kinkomaa Sanatorium[3][9]Kinkomaa, MuurameCompetition entry[nb 4]
1927Office block[3][29]VaasaCompetition project with Erik Bryggman[3][nb 4]
1927Church[3][32]TöölöCompetition project[nb 4]
1927Vicarage[11]TöölöCompetition project[nb 4]
1927Church[3][33]Viinikka, TampereCompetition project[nb 4]
1927Vicarage[11]Viinikka, TampereCompetition project[nb 4]
1927Taulumäki Church[3][33]JyväskyläCompetition project[nb 5][nb 16]
1927Parish center[11]JyväskyläCompetition[nb 4]
1927Kangas Paper Mill office[29]JyväskyläRenovations only[nb 6]
1927-1928[nb 17]Southwestern Agricultural Cooperative Building[2][14][34]TurkuCompetition winner which also contained a theater, hotel, bank, shops, offices, and flats.[34]
1927-1929[nb 18]Church[14]Muurame
1927-1929Block of apartments[3]Turku
1927-1935[nb 19][nb 20]Municipal Library[2][14][37]ViipuriCompetition piece[nb 21]
1928Summer houses[3]Aitta magazine competition
1928Independence monument[39]Tähtitorninmäki Hill, HelsinkiCompetition piece[nb 4]
1928Two separate service station[40]JyväskyläBoth have since been replaced
1928Perniö Museum[41]PerniöCompetition piece[nb 4]
1928Suomen Biografi Cinema[34]Aurakatu, TurkuNever built
1928[nb 22]Church[2][14]KemijärviRestoration with Erik Bryggman[nb 23]
1929Exposition Building[2][3][14]TurkuSeventh centenary, with Erik Bryggman.[14]
1929Choir platform[42]TurkuA portion of the 700 year celebration plan
1929[nb 24]Columbus Memorial Lighthouse[3]Dominican RepublicCompetition project[nb 4]
1929Church[25]Vallila, HelsinkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1929Parish center[11]Vallila, HelsinkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1929Nordic Union bank[44]HelsinkiSummary sketches only
1929Tuberculosis Sanatorium[45]KäälviäCompetition piece.[nb 4]
1929Office Building[2]Turku
1929Parish center[11]Tehtanpuisto Parish Center, HelsinkiCompetition piece[nb 4]
1929-1930G.A. Serlachius building[44]MänttäCompetition piece[nb 4]
1929-1933[nb 25]Tuberculosis Sanatorium[2][3][14][37]PaimioCompetition piece
Early 1930sTelephone booth[48]JyväskyläNever built
1930Institute for Physical Education[3][49]VierumäkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1930Parish center[50]Pöytyä
1930Tehtanpuisto Church[3][25]HelsinkiCompetition project commemorating Mikael Agricola[3][nb 4]
1930Technical museum[41]MänttäPart of the G.A. Serlachius headquarters[nb 4]
1930Water tower[7]TurkuCompetition piece[nb 4]
1930Stadium and sports center[3][49]HelsinkiCompetition project for the placement of the stadium.[nb 4]
c. 1930[nb 26]Furniture building[7]TurkuAnnex to Huonekalu-ja Rakennustyötehdas Oy company's building[nb 5]
1930[nb 27]Turun-Sanomat Building[2]TurkuCompetition piece
1930-1931[nb 28]Toppila Pulp Mill[2][3][14]Oulu
1931Offices at Toppila Pulp Mill[44]Oulu3 separate plans for new buildings and the chosen plan, which was for renovations
1931[nb 29]Tomb[2]HelsinkiProfessor Usko Nystro
1931[nb 30]Central University Hospital[38][45]Zagreb, CroatiaCompetition piece[nb 4]
1931University of Helsinki[53]HelsinkiCompetition for enlargement.[nb 4]
1931-1932Crichton-Vulcan shipyard[7]TurkuUnknown assignment
1932[nb 31]Villa TammekannTartu, EstoniaResidence of Estonian geographer August Tammekann.
1932Defence Corps Building[28]KemiNever built
1932Prefabricated one-family house[3]Competition project
1932Prototype weekend cabin design[3]Competition project for Enso-Gutzeit[3]
1932Sauna[10]PaimioFor the Tuberculosis Sanatorium's chief physician[nb 6]
1932Tehtanpuisto Church[54]HelsinkiSecond competition for the church.[nb 32]
1932-1933Employee housing[3]Paimiofor the Sanatorium
1933Redevelopment plan[3][30]Norrmalm, StockholmCompetition project[nb 5]
1933Temppeliaukio Church[55]Töölö, HelsinkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1933Helsinki Stadium[49]HelsinkiCompetition for the first round, where he did not win but was invited to try in the final round.
1933Helsinki Stadium[56]HelsinkiCompetition for the final round.[nb 4]
1933Parish café[57]Loimaa
1933Railroad station[3]HelsinkiCompetition project
1934Graveyard[58]Malmi, HelsinkiCompetition piece[nb 4]
1934[nb 33]Stenius housing development[2][3][14]Munkkiniemi, HelsinkiCompetition piece[nb 5]
1934Project for the Railroad Station[2][3][14][48]TampereCompetition piece[nb 4]
1934National Exhibition Hall[3]HelsinkiCompetition project
1934Main post office[44]HelsinkiCompetition piece[nb 4]
1934Corso Theater, RestaurantZürich
1935Alppiharju open-air theater[42]Lenininpuisto (Lenin Park), HelsinkiProbably completed
1935[nb 34]Tomb[2]Hietaniemi cemetery, Helsinki[60]Architect Ahto Virtanen
1935Kalastajatorppa Restaurant[51]HelsinkiM.G. Stenius[nb 5]
1935Alphyddan Restaurant renovation[51]HelsinkiLater destroyed in fire
1935Finnish Legation Building[61]Moscow, RussiaCompetition piece[nb 4]
1935-1936Central warehouse and factory[62]Kyläsaari, HelsinkiCompetition piece for the state alcohol company[nb 4]
1935-1936[nb 35]House[2][14]Munkkiniemi, HelsinkiAalto's House at Munkkiniemi
1936[nb 36]Workmen's Houses[2]KotkaFor the Sunila Factory
1936Association and Club houses[64]OuluToppila Company[nb 5]
1936Traffic system[48]Patent office refused to give patent
1936-1937Bus station[48]SunilaSince replaced
1936-1937[nb 37]The Savoy Restaurant[2][14]HelsinkiRenovation and furnishing
1936-1937[nb 38]City Plan[2]VarkausCollaboration
1936-1939[nb 39]Cellulose Factory[14][37]Sunila, KotkaAhlstrom Company
1936-1953Master plan[66]Sunila, KotkaPlan for the entire industrial community
1937Garage for workshop[48]InkeroinenTampella
1937[nb 40]Project for Museum of Art[2][3][67]Tallinn, EstoniaCompetition piece[nb 4]
1937Beach facilities[68]Lillaholmen Island, near MariehamnNever built
1937Beach café[51]MariehammPart of the beach facilities[nb 5]
1937Sauna[10]KotkaFor the works manager along with a boathouse that was not built.
1937Sauna[10]KotkaFor the engineers
1937Pirtti Cultural Center[69]KotkaRenovation for Sunila
1937[nb 41]Nordic United Bank[3]Karhula
1937Finnish Pavilion at Expo[2][3][14][63]ParisCompetition piece
1937Sauna complex[10]VarkausMain complex of the Ahlström Company
1937-1938Sauna[10]KotkaMain sauna complex
1937-1938Director's house[3]Kotka
1937-1945Master plan[71]KarhulaTown plan also [nb 42]
1937-1950Master plan[72]AnjalankoskiRequested by Tampella industrial group.[nb 5]
1938Sauna[10]KotkaFor the housing area of the heating plant.
1938Defence Corps Building[73]Jalasjärvi, HärmäNever completed
1938Master plan[74]KauttuaAhlström corporation[nb 5]
1938Forestry pavilion for the Agricultural Fair[2][3][14]Lapua
1938Heating plant[62]Sunila, KotkaSecond phase of the heating plants along with a public sauna
1938Blomberg Film Studio[3][69]WestendCompetition project[nb 5]
1938Tampella office building[70]Inkeroinen
1938Storehouse[75]InkeroinenPasila Manor[nb 6]
1938[nb 43]University of Helsinki library extension[3]HelsinkiCompetition project
1938-1939[nb 44]Dwellings[2][14]Southern Kymi
1938-1939[nb 45]Villa Mairea[2][14][37]NoormarkkuGullichsen House[38]
1938-1939Ahlström works[2]Kotka
1938-1939[nb 46]Anjala Paper Mill[2][14]Inkeroinen
1938-1939[nb 47]Elementary school[3]Inkeroinen
1938-1939Workmen apartments and engineer housing[3]Inkeroinen
1938-1940[nb 48]Terrace housing[3]Kauttua
1938-19413-story terrace housing[3]Kotka
1939Sauna[79]KarhulaAnders Kramer's retreat.[nb 5]
1939[nb 49]Finnish Pavilion at World's Fair[2]New YorkCompetition piece
1939-1945Employee Housing[3][14]Karhula
Undated plansSödra verken plant[75]AvestaCollaborated with Albin Stark
1940Project for an Experimental House[2]
1940Sauna[10]VarkausFor the youth summer camp. Unknown if ever built.
1940-1941Pumping station[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1941Sauna and laundry[81]InkeroinenTampella company.[nb 5]
1941Sauna and laundry[79]TamperePart of the War Veteran's Village
1941Standard house factory[75]VarkausCommissioned by Ahlström, but unknown if ever completed as plans have been lost
1941Head office for Ahlstöm[70]VarkausProject was dropped due to the war
1941Outline plan[74][nb 5]Noormarkku
1941[lower-alpha 1]Project for a District[2]HakaniemiCompetition piece
1941[lower-alpha 2]Plan for an experimental town[3][74]Project worked on with MIT students[3][nb 5]
1942Garage[82]KauttuaAhlström
1942Kindergarten[78]NoormarkkuRenovation per Ahlström[nb 42]
1942Sawmill[83]InkeroinenTampella[nb 6]
1942Warehouse extension[75]VarkausPlans have been lost
1942-1943[nb 50]Regional Plan for the Valley[2]Kokemäki, Harjavalta, Nakkila, Noormarkku, Ulvila, Kullaa, and Pori[74]For the Ahlström company[3]
1942-1943Women's dormitory[3]Kauttua
1942-1943Paper cloth mill[80]KauttuaAhlström[nb 5]
1942-1943Bleaching plant[75]VarkausAhlström[nb 5]
1942-1943Restaurant and service buildings[84]HelsinkiCommissioned by Strömberg[nb 5]
1942-1945Master plan[85][nb 5]Kymijoki River valley, Kotka
1942-1945?Workshop and storehouse[75]VarkausBuilt for Ahlström
1942-1949[nb 51]Community Plan[2]Säynätsalo
1942-1951[nb 52]Shopping Center and Public Baths[2]HelsinkiCreated from the entrance to an underground bomb shelter.[2]
1943?Area plan[87]Rieskala and Pihlava districts in PoriCommissioned by the Ahlström company[nb 5]
1943?Sauna[79]Pihlava, PoriCommissioned by Ahlström.[nb 6]
1943Sawmill[88]InkeroinenTampella[nb 6]
1943Glassworks renovations[89]KarhulaAhlström
1943[nb 53]Merikoski Power Plant[3]OuluCompetition project, awarded to Bertel Strömmer[nb 4]
1943?Office building[70]KauttuaMissing plans and unknown if ever completed
1943Invalids' home[45]VarkausHired by Ahlström company. Drawings lost and unknown if ever completed.
1943Glassworks warehouse[90]KarhulaAhlström[nb 5]
1943-1944Distillery, pumping station, tanks[75]VarkausAhström[nb 42]
1943-1945?Canal bridge[82]OuluPart of the River Rapids Center[nb 5]
1943-1945[nb 54][nb 55]River Rapids Center[2][91]Oulu RiverCollaborated with Yrjö Lindegren and Viljo Revell[91]
1943-1947Master plan[87]Huutoniemi, Vaasacommissioned by Strömberg
1943-1949Gatehouse and office building[84]HelsinkiStrömberg
1944Master plan[2][3][14][87]AvestaCompetition piece (in collaboration with Albin Stark)[2][14][nb 5]
1944Bus station master plan[82]SwedenCollaborated with Albin Stark[nb 5]
1944Town center[92]AvestaAlbin Stark collaboration[nb 5]
1944Storehouse[80]InkeroinenAnjala[nb 6]
1944Theater and concert hall[42]AvestaA piece of the preceding town plan[nb 5]
1944Temporary housing[80]KauttuaAhlström
1944Town hall[61]AvestaA piece of the preceding town plan[nb 5]
1944Villa Tvistbo[3]Unbuilt project
1944Kindergarten[78]KauttuaCommissioned by Ahlström[nb 5]
1944Open-air theater and Avesta Hall auditorium[42]AvestaPart of the Johnson Institute plan[nb 5]
1944Museum[93]AvestaPart of the Johnson Institute plan[nb 5][nb 56]
Mid 1940sSauna[81]InkeroinenCommissioned by Tampella corporation for the works manager, built with revised plans.[nb 6]
1944-1946Sauna[94]KauttuaCommissioned by Ahlström
1944-1946Area plan[87]Neula area, Pitäjänmäki, HelsinkiNo plans survive[nb 5]
1944-1947Apartments[2][14][nb 57]VaasaFor the Strömberg
Mid 1940sSoldiers' Tomb[17]KemiLittle details known.
1945[nb 58]Tomb[2]Hietaniemi cemetery, HelsinkiArchitect Uno Ulberg[nb 59]
1945Master plan[96]VanajaPlan for Yhteissisu industrial and housing complex[nb 42]
1945Master plan[96]Iittala communityIittala company[nb 5]
1945Metal workshop[80]InkeroinenAnjala[nb 6]
1945Bridge and street lamps[82]SäynätsaloPart of the master plan[nb 5]
1945Workshop[75]JyväskyläCommissioned by Kymin Uittoyhdistys
1945Master plan[96]TornioPreserved only in sketches.[nb 5]
1945Town hall[61]NynäshamnPart of the overall town plan[nb 4]
1945Factory buildings[97]Hedemora, SwedenCollaborated with Albin Stark and I. Norman
1945-1946[nb 60]Hospital[2]NoormarkkuFor the Ahlström Company
1945-1946Cardboard mill expansion[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1945-1947[nb 61]Living Quarters and Factory[2]KarhulaExpansion of the Ahlström Factory
1945-1948Warehouse, packing plant and expansion[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1945-1949[nb 62]Storage Warehouse Project[2][nb 63]KarhulaGlass factory
1945-1949[nb 54][nb 64]Sawmill and Director Residence[2]VarkausAhlström Company[nb 6]
1945-late 1950sTown plan[96]Alby and Huvudsta in Solna, SwedenCommissioned by the Valvet company.[nb 5]
1946[nb 65]Sauna[14]NoormarkkuAt Villa Mairea
1946Board shed[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1946Transformer[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1946Two-story office wing[77]InkeroinenAnjala Paper Factory[nb 5]
1946Plant expansion[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1946Conveyor and entrance hall[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1946Debarking plant[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1946Foundry[102]Varkaus
1946Sauna[10]VarkausAlong with a boathouse.[nb 5]
1946[nb 66]Exhibition Pavilion[2][14]HedemoraArtek Company
1946[nb 67]Town plan[14][100]Nynäshamn, SwedenCollaborated with Albin Stark[103]
1946Heimdal housing development[100]Nynäshamn, SwedenCompetition project with Albin Stark[100]
1946House[100]Pihlava
1946-1947Area plan[96]Ruotsinpyhtää areaCommissioned by Ahlström
1946-1948[nb 68]Reconstruction Plan[2]RovaniemiCompetition piece, with Yrjö Lindegren, Saarnio, Tavio, and Simberg
1947[nb 69]Johnson Institute[14][100]AvestaProject[nb 5]
1947Work shed[80]InkeroinenAnjala[nb 6]
1947Church[19]Brooklyn, New YorkPlans did not survive.[nb 5]
1947[nb 70]Sauna and laundry[100]VaasaStrömberg
1947Oil warehouse[84]HelsinkiStrömberg
1947Bus station[82]InkeroinenTampella[nb 5]
1947Bus station with ticket booth[82]Karhunkangas, InkeroinenTampella[nb 5]
1947Transformer[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1947Weighing station[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1947Bicycle shelter[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1947Entrance canopy and tank[99]Huutoniemi, VaasaStrömberg
1947Drying plant[83]InkeroinenLater converted into staff facilities
1947-1949[nb 71]Baker House Dormitory[2]Cambridge, MassachusettsMIT
1947-1948Fire station and garage[80]InkeroinenAnjala[nb 42]
1947-1948Workshop expansion[89]KarhulaCollaborated with Gunnar Aspelin for Ahlström
1948[nb 72]First Project for the Old Age Pension Building[2][38][100][nb 73]Helsinki
1948Sibelius Concert Hall[42]HelsinkiPart of the "First Project for the Old Age Pension Building"[nb 5]
1948Garage[82]Helsinkifor US Embassy[nb 5]
1948Grave[95]JyväskyläSketches specifying how to redo his mother's and aunt's grave. (Sally and Wilhelmina Aalto)
1948Sauna Annex[81]InkeroinenCommissioned by Tampella.[nb 5]
1948-1949Glassworks warehouse[90]KarhulaAhlström
1949[nb 74]Finnish Technical High School[2]Otaniemi
1949Helsinki University of Technology[100]HelsinkiCompetition project
1949Bus station[106]ImatraPart of the Town center[nb 5]
1949Passenger terminal[107]HelsinkiCompetition[nb 4]
1949Woodberry Poetry Room[100]Harvard, Cambridge
1949[nb 75][nb 76]Regional Plan[2]ImatraNever built
1949[nb 75]Town Hall and Administration Center[2][108]ImatraNever built
1949Cultural Center[109]ImatraNever built
1949Theater[42]ImatraPart of the Imatra Cultural Center[nb 5]
1949Library[76]ImatraPart of the Imatra Cultural Center[nb 5]
1949City Plan[2]Otaniemi
1949-1950Tampella housing[100]Tampere
1949-1952[nb 77]Municipal Buildings and Library[2][100]SäynätsaloCompetition piece
1949-1952[nb 78]Clubhouse[2]HelsinkiEngineering Society at STS
1950Church and parish center[100][111]LahtiCompetition project[nb 79]
1950Transport stand[106]SäynätsaloNever built
1950Area plan[112]ViikkiAn extension for the Helsinki University[nb 5]
1950Kivelä Hospital[100][113]HelsinkiCompetition project[nb 4]
1950Sauna[81]Otaniemi, EspooFor the indoor stadium[nb 5]
1950Burial Grounds[14][nb 80]MalmiWinner of Competition
1950Project for a Theater and Cultural Center[2][114]SäynätsaloNever built
1950Groundwood mill expansion[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1950Theater[42]SäynätsaloPart of the "Project for a Theater and Cultural Center"[nb 5]
1950Indoor Stadium[68]Otaniemi, EspooUsed in the 1952 Olympics
1950-1951[nb 81]Meesapoltino[2]KotkaAddition to the Sunila Factory
1950-1951Sauna[81]InkeroinenCommissioned by Tampella
1950-1951Stadium and Tennis Courts[2]OtaniemiFinnish Technical High School
1950-1951Paper mill[115]Chandraghona, Bangladesh[nb 82]Aalto only drew small portions of the overall plans.
1950-1952Project for Shopping Center[2]SäynätsaloIsland
1950-1952Pulp mill[116]InkeroinenTampella
1950-1953Factory expansion[116]OuluTyppi[nb 83]
1950-1955[nb 84]Regional plan[100][nb 5]Kemijarvi, Jattila, Muurola, Rovaniemi, Kittilä, and Pelkosenniemi Lapland
1951Library wing[76]SäynätsaloPart of the Town Hall plan
1951Pumping station[80]InkeroinenAnjala
1951Entrance Pavilion[14] (Erottaja)[100]Helsinki
1951Sauna[81]HelsinkiFor the Enso-Gutzeit Country Club
1951Sauna[81]Otaniemi, EspooFor the university principal[nb 5]
1951Storehouse[2][nb 85]InkeroinenAnjala Paper Factory
1951Warehouse[116]InkeroinenTampella
1951Regional theater[14][100]KuopioCompetition project
1951Workers' housing[100]Inkeroinen
1951Toukola Youth Club[114]KotkaAt present it is a kindergarten
1951House[100]Oulu
1951Sauna[118]OuluFor the Tyypi Oy engineers
1951Kotka Paper Factory[2][100]KotkaEnso-Gutzeit[14][nb 86]
1951Glostrup Hospital[113]CopenhagenCompetition piece[nb 4]
1951Cemetery and funeral chapel[2][nb 87]Kongens Lyngby, CopenhagenCompetition piece (2nd place)
1951Auditorium[42]University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläAlso used as a concert hall
1951-1952Sauna[121]OuluFor the managers of the Typpi Oy Plant
1951-1952Sauna and heating plant[118][119]OuluFor the main housing of the Tyypi Oy complex
1951-1952Kuopio Theater[122]KuopioWon the competition[nb 5]
1951-1953Heating plant[119]JyväskyläUniversity of Jyväskylä
1951-1953[nb 88][nb 89]Cellulose Factory[100]SummaEnso-Gutzeit plant
1951-1953?Pumping station[123]SummaEnso-Gutzeit
1951-1953Sports field[124]University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläImproved on several occasion
1951-1953Gymnasium[124]University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläFor the Teacher Training School
1951-1954Paper mill[100]Chandraghona, Pakistan
1951-1954[nb 90]Cellulose Factory[37][100]Sunila, KotkaSecond stage of construction
1951-1954[nb 91]Three-story apartment house[100]SunilaThird group
1951-1957[nb 92]Area plan[2]OuluTyppitehdas Factory inc. houses for workers and engineers
1951-1970University of Jyväskylä[126]JyväskyläOverall plans for the entire grounds
1951-1991Gymnasium[124]University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläMain gymnasium.[nb 93]
1952Library wing[76]HelsinkiPart of the National Pensions Institute Building
1952Debarking plan[116]InkeroinenTampella
1952Country club[14][100]Kallvikfor Enso-Gutzeit
1952Association of Finnish Engineers building[100]Helsinki
1952[nb 94]Sports and congress hall: Vogelweidplatz[2]ViennaCompetition piece[nb 4]
1952-1953Workshop of fine mechanics[128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1952-1953Power plant expansion[77]InkeroinenAnjala Paper Factory
1952-1953Laboratory of mechanical wood technology[128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1952-1954Sawmill, storehouse, work-hut[128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center
1952-1954[nb 94]House[2]MuuratsaloAalto House
1952-1954Master plan[125]KaskinenAalto was fired in 1954.[nb 5]
1952-1954Employee Housing[14][100]Munkkiniemi, HelsinkiNational Pension Institute
1952-1954Sports hall[14]Otaniemi
1952-1955Library[76]University of JyväskyläPart of his master plan
1952-1956Theater[129]HelsinkiPart of the House of Culture complex
1952-1957Office Building and Auditorium[2]Helsinki
1952-1957Church[2][38]ImatraVuoksenniska
1952-1957[nb 95]Church[2]Seinäjoki
1953Paper technology lab[128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1953Acoustics lab[128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1953Lab complex[nb 96][128]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1953Pumping station[119]OtaniemiTechnical Research Center
1953Imatra center design project[100]Imatra
1953-1954Sauna[118]MuuratsaloFor Aalto's home
1953-1954Debarking plant and chipping plant[77]InkeroinenAnjala Paper Factory
1953-1955[nb 97]Office Building and Rautatalo Stores[2][100]HelsinkiCompetition piece
1953-1956[nb 98]Second Project for the Old Age Pension Building[2]Helsinki
1953-1957[nb 99]Teacher's University[2]JyväskyläCompetition piece
1953-1967Helsinki University of Technology[132]Otaniemi, EspooMain building
1954Studio R.S.[100]Como, Italy
1954Personal motoboat[133]Named Nemo Propheta in Patria
1954Turbine building[119]PamiloEnso-Gutzeit
1954Lab buildings[134]Tikkurila, VantaaCompetition for the Agricultural Institute[nb 4]
1954Grave[95]NoormarkkuHarry Gullichsen
1954Aero housing[100]Helsinki
1954-1956Plant expansion[116]OuloTyppi[nb 100]
1954-1962Mining laboratory[nb 101][135]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center
1955[nb 102]Urban design project[100]SummaCommissioned by Enso-Gutzeit
1955[nb 103]Technical College[14]OuluProject[nb 4]
1955Theater and Concert Hall[14][100][129]OuluProject[nb 5]
1955Experimental house[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1955Concrete technology lab[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 5]
1955[nb 104]Studio house[14]MunkkiniemiAalto's house[nb 105]
1955National Bank of Iraq headquarters[100][140]BaghdadCompetition project[nb 4]
1955-1956Gyllenberg GalleryHelsinkiNever completed
1955-1956Warehouse and offices[90]KarhulaAhlström[nb 5]
1955-1957Houses[2][14][100]BerlinIn the Hansaviertel
1955-1957[nb 106]City hall[100]Gothenburg, SwedenCompetition project[nb 5]
1955-1958[nb 107]House of Culture[14][37][38]HelsinkiIn 1989 it was declared a National Historic Monument.[142]
1955-1958Parish facilities[57]Vuoksenniska, Imatra
1955-1960Lab for oil and peat technology[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center
1955-1960Library[76]Gothenburg, SwedenPart of the Municipal offices
1955-1961Lab for heat technology[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center
1955-1964[nb 108]Master plan[100]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1955-1966Department of Architecture[100]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1956Lincoln Center[129]New YorkWorked with Wallace K. Harrison[nb 5]
1956Pumping station[119]OtaniemiTechnical Research Center
1956Wood shed[119]OtaniemiTechnical Research Center[nb 6]
1956Drottningtorget, main railway station[100][nb 109]GothenburgCompetition project[nb 5]
1956[nb 110]Finnish Pavilion[2][14][100]VeniceAt the Biennale
1956Port facility[14]Gothenburg, SwedenProject
1956Central square[145]LahtiSketched out only with no followup
1956Director's house[100]Typpi Oy, Oulu
1956-1957Kainula Adult Education Institute[146]Kajaani
1956-1958Operating room[100]PaimioPaimio Sanatorium
1956-1958[nb 111]Home of Louis Carre[38]Bazoches, France
1956-1960Heating plant[123]RovaniemiFor the Korkalovaara housing
1957[nb 112]University master plan[14]Oulu
1957Sauna and garage[118]OuluFor the Tyypi Oy engineers[nb 5]
1957Kampementsbacken housing development[100][147]StockholmCompetition project[nb 5]
1957Sauna[118]TorsajärviFor Ilmari Luostarinen.[nb 5]
1957Town hall[100][148]Marl, GermanyCompetition project[nb 5]
1957Debarking plant[89]KarhulaAhlström
1957Town plan[147]Viitaniemi region, JyväskyläCollaborated with Jorma Järvi, with Aalto's portion not chosen.
1957-1958Café, kiosk, traffic junction[144]UimaharjuFor the Pamilo power plant[nb 6]
1957-1959[nb 113]Church of the Three Crosses[46]Vuoksenniska, Imatra
1957-1961Sundh center[100]Avesta, Sweden
1958Art museum[14][100][150]BaghdadNever completed
1958Garage[144]SummaEnso-Gutzeit[nb 5]
1958Library wing[76]BaghdadPart of the Museum plan[nb 5]
1958Shop buildings and heating plant[123]SummaEnso-Gutzeit
1958Church[151]Undisclosed location in DenmarkCompetition piece[nb 4]
1958Sizing plant[89]KarhulaAhlström[nb 5]
1958[nb 114]Post and Telegraph Office[14][38][100]BaghdadNever completed
1958Parish facilities[57]Competition for ideas[nb 4]
1958[nb 115]High rise apartments[14]Neue Vahr, Bremen, Germany
1958Town hall[14][100][152]KirunaCompetition piece[nb 4]
1958[nb 116]Korkalovaara housing community[14]Rovaniemi
1958Open-air theater[129]AalborgPart of the Kunstmuseum (the Art Museum) complex
1958-1959Munkkiniemi Youth Center[146]HelsinkiNever built
1958-1960[nb 117]Cross of the Plains Church, parish facilities, and vicarage[100]Seinäjoki
1958-1963Plant expansion[116]OuluTyppi[nb 118]
1958-1964[nb 119]Opera house[100]Essen, GermanyWinner of competition
1958-1972[nb 120]Kunstmuseum[38][155]Aalborg, Denmark
1959Bjornholm housing development[100]Helsinki
1959Town plan[156]For the island of Karhusaari and Hanasaari, Helsinki[nb 5]
1959Finnish War Memorial[100]Suomussalmi
1959-1960Lieksakoski power plant[18]Lieksakoski RiverEnso-Gutzeit
1959-1960Garage[144]SummaEnso-Gutzeit
1959-1962[nb 121]Central Finland Museum[100]Jyväskylä
1959-1962Enso-Gutzeit headquarters[100][157]Helsinki
1959-1962[nb 120][nb 122]Parish Center[38][46][100]Wolfsburg, Germany
1959-1964[nb 123]City center project[100]HelsinkiOnly a portion of the plan was built.[159]
1959-1974Town hall[160]SeinäjokiOriginal plans: 1959-1965 with 1973-1974 being an annex.
1959-1981Bus station and traffic arrangements[144]Helsinki
1960Grave[95]TurkuErik Bryggman[nb 5]
1960Cinema and stages[161]Leverkusen, GermanyPart of his cultural center plan[nb 5]
1960Library[162]Leverkusen, GermanyPart of his cultural center plan[nb 5]
1960-1961Shopping Center[100]Otaniemi
1960-1961Area plan[100][163]Lieksankoski power station, LieksaPlans have been lost. Commissioned by the Enso-Gutzeit Company.[nb 5]
1960-1962Power plant[18]North KareliaEnso-Gutzeit
1960-1963Thermo-technical Laboratory[100]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1960-1963[nb 124]Cultural center[100]Wolfsburg, Germany
1960-1964[nb 125]Main building remodel[100]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1960-1965Nordic Union Bank[164]HelsinkiRemodel
1961Central square[165]Wolfsburg, GermanyCompetition piece[nb 4]
1961Administrative and cultural center[166]Rovaniemi
1961-1962Housing for nurses[100]PaimioPaimio Sanatorium
1961-1962Offices and apartments[100]Rovaniemi
1961-1969Museum rooms[167]RovaniemiPart of the Library
1961-1985Town hall[168]RovaniemiPart of the administrative and cultural center[nb 126]
1962[nb 127]Community Center[38]Seinäjoki
1962Apartments[100]Tapiola
1962Fennia and Teollisuusvakuutus Buildings[164]HelsinkiCompetition[nb 5]
1962Bus station[170]PaimioFor the Sanatorium
1962Traffic arrangements[170]Katajanokka, HelsinkiPlan to link Katajanokka Peninsula to the mainland[nb 5]
1962Enskilda Bank building[100][171]StockholmCompetition project[nb 4]
1962[nb 128]Cultural center[173]Leverkusen, GermanyCompetition project[nb 4]
1962Terrace housing[173]Jakobstad
1962Stockmann department store expansion[173]HelsinkiProject
1962-1963Housing development[173]Rovaniemi
1962-1963[nb 129]Heating plant[173]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1962-1964Scandinavia Bank Administration building[173]Helsinki
1962-1966Student hostel[173]Otaniemi
1963Urban center[173]Rovaniemi
1963Swimming hall extension[173]Jyväskylä
1963[nb 130]Student union building[173]Jyväskylä1974: plans for enlargement (not done) 1979-1981: Renovation[174]
1963Master plan for the town of Otaniemi[173]Otaniemi
1963Urban center[175]MontrealNever completed
1963-1965[nb 131]Library[173]SeinäjokiPart of the community center[nb 5]
1963-1965[nb 132]Student Association House[173]Uppsala, SwedenVästmanland-Dala
1963-1965Library wing[177]UppsalaPart of the Västmanland-Dala Student Association House
1963-1965[nb 133]Heilig-Geist-Gemeinde Kindergarten[173]Wolfsburg, GermanyProject
1963-1966[nb 134]Parish center[173]Seinäjoki
1963-1967Shell Oil service station[170]OtaniemiTwo plans with the first designed 1963-1964 and the second in 1967[nb 5]
1963-1968Workshop and office building[119]OtaniemiTechnical Research Center
1963-1973Lab for mechanical wood technology[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 135]
1963-1978Lab for fire-fighting technology[138]Otaniemi, EspooPart of the Technical Research Center[nb 136]
Mid 1960sPlant enlargement[116]OuluTyppi Oy[nb 137]
1964BP Administration building[173][179]Hamburg, GermanyCompetition project[nb 5]
1964Wood Technical Laboratories[173]Otaniemi, EspooHelsinki University of Technology
1964Sabbagh Center[180]Beirut, LebanonCollaboration with Alfred Roth[nb 5]
1964Pohjola Insurance building[179]Helsinkicompetition piece[nb 4]
1964Paimio Sanatorium extensionPaimio
1964-1965One-family house[173]Rovaniemi
1964-1965[nb 138]Edgar J. Kaufmann Conference Rooms[38]New York CityInstitute of International Education
1964-1966Master plan[181][nb 5]Kivenlahti and Soukka, Espoo
1964-1966Urban design project[173]Stensvik, Sweden
1964-1967Institute[182]Beatenberg, Berner Oberland, SwitzerlandFor the International Designers' and Architects' Foundation[nb 5]
1964-1967[nb 139]Ekenäs Savings Bank[173]EkenäsCompleted
1964-1969[nb 140]Library[173]OtaniemiHelsinki University of Technology
1964-1982Theater, concert hall, and congress center[184]JyväskyläPart of the cultural center.[nb 141]
1965Urban center[173][185]Castrop-Rauxel, GermanyCompetition project[nb 4]
1965Theater[186]Castrop-RauxelPart of the urban center plan[nb 5]
1965Town hall[187]Castrop-RauxelPart of the urban center plan[nb 5]
1965Family grave[95]AlajärviAalto (Father, brother, sister-in-law, stepmother, and aunt)
1965-1968[nb 142]Scandinavian House[173]Reykjavík, Iceland
1965-1968[nb 143]Library[173]Rovaniemi
1965-1968[nb 144]Parish center[173]Detmerode, Wolfsburg, Germany
1965-1968Schönbühl high-rise apartments[173]Lucerne, Switzerland
1965-1972[nb 145]Administrative and cultural center[173]Jyväskylä
1965-1974Sauna[118]Ruotsula, Korpilahtipart of Villa Oksala
1965-1982Alajärvi center[192]AlajärviWork continued by his office after his death.
1966Church[173]Seinäjoki
1966Experimental town plan[173][193]Gamelbacka, PorvooProject[nb 5]
1966[nb 146]Suburb plan[173]Pavia, ItalyProject[nb 5]
1966Concert hall[173][195]Siena, ItalyProject[nb 5]
1966Theater[173][196]Wolfsburg, GermanyCompetition project[nb 4]
1966Prototype for the administration building and warehouses[170][173]Turin, ItalyProject for the Ferrero SpA[nb 5]
1966-1967Health center[113]Alajärvi
1966-1967William Lehtinen Museum[197]HelsinkiNever completed
1966-1969Academic bookshop[173]Helsinki
1966-1969Town hall[173][187]Alajärvi
1966-1970Parish center[57]Alajärvi
1966-1971Cultural Center (theater)[186]KokkolaNever completed
1966-1971Library[198]KokkolaPart of the cultural center[nb 5]
1966-1976[nb 147]Church of Santa Maria Assunta - Riola parish center[173]Riola di Vergato (near Bologna), Italy
1967House of Finnish Architecture[200]HelsinkiPart of the Helsinki Center project[nb 5]
1967[nb 148]Protestant parish center[173]Altstetten, Zürich, SwitzerlandCompetition project[nb 5]
1967[nb 149]Theater[38]SeinäjokiAdded to existing Community Center
1967-1968Parking garage[170]OtaniemiHelsinki University of Technology[nb 5]
1967-1969[nb 150]State office buildings[173]SeinäjokiPart of the community center[nb 151]
1967-1970[nb 152]Library[37][38]Mt. Angel, OregonMount Angel Abbey
1967-1970Police headquarters[187]Jyväskylä
1967-1971[nb 153]Institute of Physical Education[173]University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä
1967-1973[nb 154]City Electric Company administration building[173]HelsinkiPart of Aalto's Center plan for Helsinki
1968Library[198]University of Jyväskylä, JyväskyläPlan was rejected[nb 5]
1968-1971[nb 155]Water tower[173]OtaniemiHelsinki University of Technology
1969Kranichstein shopping precinct, cultural center, and residential center[192]Darmstadt, GermanySketches only
1969Sauna[118]JärvenpääVilla Kokkonen
1969-1970Villa[173]EkenäsGöran Schildt[173]
1969-1975Main building extension[173]OtaniemiHelsinki Technical University
1970Sauna[118]EkenäsVilla Skeppet
1970[nb 156]Church[173]Lahti
1970[nb 157]Museum of Modern Art[173]Shiraz, IranProject[nb 5]
1970Police headquarters[173]Alajärvi
1970-1975[nb 158]Theater with 2 stages[173]RovaniemiBuilding contains musical school facilities and 2 theaters that can be combined into one large theater.[196]
1971[nb 159]Finlandia Hall[38]HelsinkiPart of the master plan for central redevelopment
1971-1973Master plan for central redevelopment[173]Helsinki
1971-1973Sports field service building[123]OtaniemiTechnical Research Center
1972Master plan for central redevelopment[173]HelsinkiSecond stage
1973[nb 160]Alvar Aalto MuseumJyväskyläOriginal name was Taidemuseo[38]
1973Halonen Art Museum[209][210]LapinlahtiNever built
1973Open-air theater[196]LapinlahtiPart of the Halonen Art Museum[nb 5]
1973-1974Enso-Gutzeit headquartersHelsinkiTwo alternative proposals for the extension of the building. Never built.
1973-1975Swimming pool[173]Jyväskylä
1974[nb 161]Midwest Institute of Scandinavian Culture[173]Eau Claire, WisconsinNever built.
1974Open-air auditorium[196]Eau ClairePart of the Midwest Institute of Scandinavian Culture[nb 5]
1974Scandinavian Library[198]Eau ClairePart of the Midwest Institute of Scandinavian Culture[nb 5]
1974[nb 162]Finlandia Hall[38]HelsinkiWing of Congress added[173][208]
1974-1982Health spa[113]ReykjavíkAalto's office continued to work on it after his death. Never built.[nb 5]
1975[nb 163]Town hall[173]JyväskyläPart of the administrative and cultural center[nb 42]
1975-1976Master plan of the University area[173][178]Reykjavík, IcelandAfter his death his office continued to work on it into the 1980s.[178][nb 5]
1975-1976Urban Center[192]Jidda, Saudi ArabiaNever completed
1976-1976Mosque[206]JiddaPart of the urban center[nb 5]
1975-1976Auditorium[196]JiddaPart of the urban center[nb 5]
1975-1976Museum, planetarium, and aquarium[196]JiddaPart of the urban center[nb 5]

Notes

  1. ↑ Some sources give 1921 as the date for this project.[4]
  2. ↑ Aalto enlarged the site in 1955.[5]
  3. ↑ Has changed named from the Youth Association Building to the Defence Corps Building, to the present Club Building.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 Did not win the competition.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 Never completed
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 The building has since been destroyed.
  7. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1924-1929 and refer to it as the Seinäjoki Defence Corps Building.[6]
  8. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1924.[8]
  9. ↑ Gate still standing.
  10. ↑ Some sources say that 1924 was the year of this project and it is referred to as the Worker's Club.[3][6]
  11. ↑ Has evolved from The Workers' Club to a Worker's Theater to a City Theater, along with first a cafe then a restaurant, and now a meeting hall and restaurant.[6]
  12. ↑ The church was destroyed by fire in 1968 and the plans were misplaced; therefore there are no surviving examples of this particular project.[19]
  13. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1926-1929[21] or 1927-1929 and some also refer to it as the Association of Patriots Building.[3]
  14. ↑ Some sources say 1924,[3][14] while others give a range from 1924-1926.[24]
  15. ↑ Some sources state that the project was either 1927[3] or 1926.[19]
  16. ↑ Aalto submitted two separate plans for this project.[33]
  17. ↑ Some sources state that the project began in 1926.[3]
  18. ↑ Some sources state that this project began in 1926.[3][35]
  19. ↑ Some sources give the date for the project as 1933-1935.[3]
  20. ↑ Some sources break this project into two separate as the first plans from 1927 were essentially completely redone for the final work from 1933 which was used to build in 1935.[36]
  21. ↑ Some sources state that the library was destroyed during the Second World War;[37][38] however it was only severely damaged.
  22. ↑ Some sources give the date of 1929,[3][14] while others give a range of 1926-1929.[19]
  23. ↑ Destroyed during the war in 1945.[19]
  24. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1928.[43]
  25. ↑ Some sources state 1929 as the date of significance,[46] where others give an end date of 1932.[47]
  26. ↑ Some sources state a year for this project of 1931.[51]
  27. ↑ Some sources state that designing started in 1923 or 1928 [14][37][52] while others give only 1927 as the year of work.[3]
  28. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1933.[7]
  29. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1928.[17]
  30. ↑ Some sources state 1930,[3] or 1930-1931 as the dates.[2]
  31. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1932-1933.[3]
  32. ↑ Aalto never finished the work beyond preliminary sketches.
  33. ↑ Some sources state that the dates were 1934-1935, with additional plans being produced in 1938.[59]
  34. ↑ Some sources are unclear on the dates involved, as they state that Ahto died in 1926 and the monument was erected in 1937.[17]
  35. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1934-1935.[3][63]
  36. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1937 and refer to this as both workmen's houses, but more importantly the first heating plant, with fire house.[62]
  37. ↑ Some sources state 1937 only as the year the work was done.[3][14][51][63]
  38. ↑ Some sources state that the end date was 1945.[65]
  39. ↑ Some sources give 1936 as the date for this portion of the project;[2] and others give 1936-1937 [3] or 1936-1938.[62]
  40. ↑ Some sources give the date as 1934.[14]
  41. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1938.[70]
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Major portions of the plan were never built.
  43. ↑ Some sources give a start of 1937, as there was two separate competitions, neither of which Aalto won.[76]
  44. ↑ Some sources give 1937-1938 as the dates, and refer to the project as 2-story houses and 2-story terrace housing.[3][63]
  45. ↑ Some sources state that the dates involved are 1938-1941.[3]
  46. ↑ Some sources give 1938 as the year,[3] while other sources say 1937-1938.[77]
  47. ↑ Some sources give 1938 as the only date for this project.[78]
  48. ↑ Some sources state that this project started in 1937.[63]
  49. ↑ Some sources state that work began in 1938.[3][14]
  50. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1940[74] or 1941-1942.[3]
  51. ↑ Some sources state that the end date was either between 1944 and 1947.[3][14][86]
  52. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1941, with a breakdown as thus: 1941: Original design, 1942: temporary wooden building, 1950-1951: permanent replacement. Also referred to as an entrance only.[48]
  53. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1942.[75]
  54. 1 2 Some sources state 1945 only.[14]
  55. ↑ Other sources give a date of only 1943.[3]
  56. ↑ There were in actuality three different projects relating to museums with the Johnson Institute: The Bergslagen Mining Museum, the Seafaring Museum, and a group of ships' figureheads, all of which were not finished.
  57. ↑ Some sources refer to this as both the Strömberg housing development and meter factory and terrace housing.[3]
  58. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1944.[95]
  59. ↑ In 1958 a smaller monument was added for Ullberg's wife Johanna Elisabeth.[95]
  60. ↑ Some sources give 1944 as the date and refer to this project as a health center.[98]
  61. ↑ Some sources give 1944-1945 as the year, and refer to the project as an Extenstion to factory, mechanical workshops, engineer housing, and sauna.[3]
  62. ↑ some sources state 1949 as the date.[14][100]
  63. ↑ Plans started as a seven story warehouse, which was subsequently reduced to the current one-story model.[2]
  64. ↑ Other sources give dates of 1945-1946,[100] or 1944-1945 and only mention the sawmill.[75]
  65. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1938, with the 1946 date representing a roof replacement.[101]
  66. ↑ Some sources state that 1945 was the year for this project.[3]
  67. ↑ Some sources state that this project ran from 1943-1946.[103]
  68. ↑ Some sources date this project as starting in 1944 and ending in either 1945 or 1946.[3][14][104]
  69. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1944.[78]
  70. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1946-1948.[81]
  71. ↑ Some sources state the project dates of 1947-1948.[14][37][100]
  72. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1952.[105]
  73. ↑ Originally called Forum Redivivum: Cultural and Administrative Center.[100]
  74. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1949-1955 for the entire project including the tennis courts and stadium from 1950-1951.[14]
  75. 1 2 Some sources state 1947 as the year for this project,[14]
  76. ↑ Other sources give a date range of 1947-1953.[96][100]
  77. ↑ Some sources state dates of 1950-1951, or even 1950, and refer to the project as a village or town hall,[14][46] while other sources give a probable start year of 1947.[110]
  78. ↑ Some sources state 1952 only as the date and call it the Engineerss Club and restaurant,[14] while others date it at 1948-1953 and refer to it as the Finnish Engineering Society Building[109]
  79. ↑ Although Aalto's entry won, it was never built as he originally designed it, and in 1970 he was asked to submit a second design which was built.[111]
  80. ↑ Some refer to this project as a funeral chapel.[58][100]
  81. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1937-1953, which break down as thus, 1937-1938: original plans, 1950: first expansion, and 1953 final expansion (completed)[70]
  82. ↑ This was originally in Pakistan.
  83. ↑ This expansion included a spraying tower, filtration and pumping station, rock crusher, warehouse, nitric acid plant, air purification plant, control room, synthesis plant, labs, gas escape tower, regenerator, desulphuration plant, power station, grinding and drying plant, gasification plant, rail loading platform, workshop, garage, ash incinerator, ammonia filling station, acid flasks, cisterns, recuperator, and a weighing station.
  84. ↑ Some sources give and end date of 1957.[117]
  85. ↑ Some sources call this the washing plant; however it is now used for different purposes.[77]
  86. ↑ Some sources refer to this as an annex, and also that he was responsible for a small portion only.[119]
  87. ↑ Some sources state just 1952 as the date,[14][100] while others give a date of 1951-1952.[120]
  88. ↑ Some sources state 1952 as the date.[14]
  89. ↑ Other sources give a date range of 1951-1972, with 1951-1953: original plans, 1957: 1st enlargement, and 1970-1972: final expansion.[123]
  90. ↑ Some sources give an approximate date of the 1950s for this expansion.[62]
  91. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1952-1953 and refer to this as predominantly the third heating plant.[62]
  92. ↑ Some sources give a single year of 1951, or 1951-1952, and they also refer to it as Nitrogen Works site plan,[14] or the Typpi Oy nitrogen factory, or fertilizer plant.[100][125]
  93. ↑ Original work was finished prior to 1960, with annexes designed 1960-1962 (not built), 1963-1964 (built), Enlargement planned 1965-1966, but built with major revisions 1970-1976, with a final addition designed by Aalto's office 1986-1988 (built 1991).[124]
  94. 1 2 Some sources give a date of 1952 or 1953 for this project.[14][100][127]
  95. ↑ Some sources give 1958 as the end year of this project.[14]
  96. ↑ Contained labs for construction technology, construction economy, and bridge technology, along with an auditorium and some smaller labs.
  97. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1952-1954 and refer to it as the Iron House,[14] while others give dates of 1951-1957[130]
  98. ↑ Some sources state 1952-1956 as the dates and call the project the Pensions Bank,[14][46][100] while other sources give the dates of 1950-1957[38] or 1953-1957.[131]
  99. ↑ Some sources give 1952 as the start of this project.[14][100]
  100. ↑ This phase included compound fertilizer plant, and expansions of the rock crusher, warehouses, bagging plant, nitric acid portions, air purification plant, control room, synthesis plant, desulphuration plant, power station, filling station, gasification plant, and workshops. It added new phosphate warehouse, offices, service building, and a gatehouse.
  101. ↑ This contained in addition to the mining lab, also a crushing plant, machinery workshops, offices, conference room, and an auditorium.
  102. ↑ Some sources give 1954 as the date of this project.[136]
  103. ↑ Some sources state that the year was 1956 and they refer to it as the University of Oulu[137]
  104. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1956 for the completion,[100] others give a range of 1954-1956.[139]
  105. ↑ It was enlarged 1962-1963.[139]
  106. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1960.[141]
  107. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1958,[100] where other give a range of 1952-1958[142]
  108. ↑ Some sources give the dates of the overall master plan including final revisions as 1949-1960.[143]
  109. ↑ Some sources itemize this project as the rail station, bu station, air terminal, and traffic system.[144]
  110. ↑ Some sources state that the work started in 1955.[93]
  111. ↑ Some sources state that 1956-1959 are the correct dates,[14] or just 1959.[100]
  112. ↑ Some sources give the date as 1956.[100]
  113. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1956-1958,[14] or even 1955-1958.[149]
  114. ↑ Some sources give a start year of 1957.[140]
  115. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1958-1962.[100]
  116. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1957-1961,[100] or 1956-1960.[147]
  117. ↑ Some sources give 1951 as the start date.[153]
  118. ↑ This expansion repaired damage from an earlier fire to the rock crusher and pumping station, it also expanded the bagging plant, nitric acid plant, calcium nitrate plant, saltpeter plant, air purification plant, synthesis plant, and a workshop. It also added new buildings such as an oil refinery, a warehouse, a paint shop, gas purifier, warehouse tower, service building, oil tank, compressor hall, and a carbon monoxide converter.
  119. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1959-1988, as Aalto worked on the plans, sometimes with Bauasessor Horst Loy, until his death. It was then constructed predominantly utilizing Aalto's plans from 1981-1988.[154]
  120. 1 2 Some sources state that 1958 was the year of this project.[14]
  121. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1957-1990, with the breakdown as follows: 1957-1959: Alvar's original work, 1960: construction, 1974-1976: extension designed that was never built, and 1986-1990: Aalto's office designed a new extension that was built.[93]
  122. ↑ While other sources give a date of 1960-1963.[57][158]
  123. ↑ Some sources give the end date of 1981.[159]
  124. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1958-1962.[146]
  125. ↑ Some sources give dates of this project as 1966-1976.[128]
  126. ↑ Preliminary plans: 1961 Revised plans: 1963-1966 Aalto's office again revised the plans and construction authorized: 1985[168]
  127. ↑ Some sources give the years 1961-1965,[100] and other give the larger range of 1958-1968.[169]
  128. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1960 for this project.[166][172]
  129. ↑ Some sources give a date range of 1960-1975, including phase 1: 1960-1962, phase 2: 1962-1964, heat accumulator and oil cistern: 1964-1965, and an extension: 1975.[119]
  130. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1961-1965.[174]
  131. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1960.[162]
  132. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1961.[176]
  133. ↑ Some sources give the dates as 1962-1963.[178]
  134. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1951 followed by 1964-1966.[57]
  135. ↑ Original building was from 1963-1966 with the Annex design occurring from 1969-1973. The annex was never built.
  136. ↑ Original building was from 1963-1965 with an annex being added from 1973-1978.
  137. ↑ This expansion included expansions of bagging plant, an office building, lab building. It also included a new test factory, new gatehouse, and a new refuse incinerator.
  138. ↑ Some sources state that the project started in 1963.[173]
  139. ↑ Some sources give dates as 1964-1986, with 1984-1986 as renovations.[183]
  140. ↑ Some sources give the end date of 1970.[177]
  141. ↑ Originally designed with the cultural center in 1964-1966. Aalto reworked the plans after the police headquarters went in. Then in 1972, the plans were reworked again, in response to the town hall. Aalto reworked them one more time before he died, which led to Elissa Aalto redoing them between 1977-1982, before the building was constructed.
  142. ↑ Some sources give 1962 as the start year.[188]
  143. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1961.[189]
  144. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1963-1969.[57][190]
  145. ↑ Some sources give the start date of 1964.[191]
  146. ↑ Some sources state that the end date was 1968.[194]
  147. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1980.[57][199]
  148. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1968.[57][201]
  149. ↑ Some sources state that the project was dated from 1968-1969,[173] while other sources give a broad date range of 1961-1987. This range reflects that planning by Alvar occurred from 1961-1969, then after his death, his plan was realized with construction from 1984-1987.[161]
  150. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1964-1968.[202]
  151. ↑ Included government offices, such as district court, police offices, tax office, and staff apartments.[202]
  152. ↑ Some sources state that the project began in 1965,[173] while others give dates of 1964-1968.[203]
  153. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1962.[204]
  154. ↑ Some sources give a start date of 1965.[205]
  155. ↑ Some sources give an end date of 1972.[123]
  156. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1969-1975.[206]
  157. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1969-mid 1970s.[207]
  158. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1969-1976 and refer to the building as the Lappia multipurpose building.[196]
  159. ↑ Some sources state that the start of the project occurred in 1967,[173] while others give dates of 1962-1971.[208]
  160. ↑ Some sources date the museum at 1971,[173] while others date it from 1971-1974.[209]
  161. ↑ Some sources give a date of 1973.[210]
  162. ↑ Some sources state that this project was from 1973-1975,[173] while others give dates of 1971-1975.[208]
  163. ↑ Some sources give dates of 1964-1972.[187]

Writing and documented speeches

Alvar Aalto's Writings
Date Title Translation Publication Location
1921Benvenuto's Christmas Punch[211]KerberosHelsinki
1921Nyyperin Aku[212]Aku NebergKerberosHelsinki
1921A Fireside Story[213]KerberosHelsinki
1921Painters and Masons[214]Jousimies
December 1921Our Old and New Churches[215]IltalehtiHelsinki
1922Motifs from Past Ages[216]Arkkitehti
1924The Hilltop Town[217][nb 1]
December 1924Urban Culture[218]Sisä-SuomiJyväskylä
1925Finnish Church Art[219]Käsiteollisuus
January 1925Eräs kaupunkimme kaunistustoimenpide ja sen mahdollisuudet[220]A beautifying measure undertaken in our town, and its chances of successKeskisuomalainenJyväskylä
March 1925Abbé Coignard's Sermon[221][nb 2]Jyväskylä
June 1925Architecture in the Landscape of Central Finland.[222]Sisä-SuomiJyväskylä
1926From Doorstep to Living Room[223]Aitta
January 1928The Latest Trends in Architecture[224][nb 3]Uusi AuraTurku
November 1927An Independence Monument in Helsinki-The Olympic Stadium[225]Uusi SuomiTurku
October 1928Modern Architecture and Interior Design of the Home[226]Uusi AuraTurku
October 1928The Rational Cinema[227]Kritisk RevyDenmark
1929Armas Lindgren and We (Obituary)[228]Arkkitehti
1930The Stockholm Exhibition 1930[229]Arkkitehti
1930The Housing Problem[230]DomusItaly
May 1930The Stockholm Exhibition 1930[231][nb 4]Åbo UnderrättelserTurku
1931Ein Brief von Finnland[232]A Letter from FinlandBauweltGermany
1932Hyvä asunto[230]A Good HomeSoihtu
1932Bostadsfrågans geografi[233]Geography of the Housing QuestionArkitektur och samhälle
1934Instead of an Interview[234]Teknikkan ylioppilas
May 1935Rationalismen och människan[235][nb 5]Rationalism and ManSweden
1938Influence of Structure and Material on Contemporary Architecture[236][nb 6]Oslo
1939Maailmannäyttelyt[237]New York World's Fair/Golden Gate ExpositionArkkitehti
1939The Human Side as a Political Option for the Western World[238][nb 7]The Human Side
1939Mairea[239]Arkkitehti
May 1939The Home of a Rich Collector[240][nb 8]Yale
October 1939Finland and Scandinavia[241][nb 9]Gothenburg, Stockholm
1940An Experimental Town
1940Obituary for Erik Gunnar Asplund[242]Arkkitehti
July 1940Post-War ReconstructionMagazine of Art
November 1940The Humanizing of Architecture[243]Technology Review
December 1940Architectural Forum
1941La Ricostruzione del-l'EuropaThe Reconstruction of EuropeLecture
March 1941Research for Reconstruction[244][nb 10]Journal for the Royal Institute of British ArchitectsEngland
April 1941The Reconstruction of Europe is the Key Problem for the Architecture of our Time[245]Arkkitehti
November 1941Karelian Architecture[246]Uusi Suomi
1942Architecture and Standards[247]Booklet published by Association of Finnish Architects
November 1942Lecture[248][nb 11]Stockholm
1943The Oulu River Rapids Center[249]Arkkitehti
March 1943Casabella
1945The Intellectual Background of American ArchitectureArkkitehti
November/December 1945Rovaniemi RestoredArkkitehti
1946Building Height as a Social Issue[250]Arkkitehti
February 1946Fine Della "Machine à Habiter"End of the "Living Machine"Metron
1947Kulttuuri ja tekniikka[251]Culture and TechnologySuomi/FinlandFinland
February 1947Constructive Art. Svenska Ab Artek Exhibits Furniture and Paintings[252][nb 12]
October–December 1947Architettura e arte concreta[253]Architecture and concrete artDomus, Arkkitehti
1949Finland as a Model for World Development[254]Suomallainen Suomi
1950'sMy Frank Lloyd Wright[255][nb 13]
1950Obituary for Eliel Saarinen[256][nb 14]
June 1950Finland Wonderland[257]Proceedings of the Architectural Association School of ArchitectureLondon
1953The Decline of Public Architecture[258]Arkkitehti
1953Experimental House at Muuratsalo[259]Arkkitehti
September 1953Decadence of Public BuildingsArkkitehti
1954A Few Lines from Alvar Aalto[260][nb 15]
1954The Constructive Form Exhibition in Stockholm[260][nb 16]
1954Speech[261]São Paulo
Feb/March 1954Journey to Italy[262][nb 17]Casabella ContinuitàItaly
October 1955Taide ja Tekniikka[263][nb 18]Art and Technology
November 1955Zwischen Humanismus und Materialismus[264]Between Humanism and MaterialismDer Bau
1956Problems of Architecture as I Understand Them in My BuildingsLectureItaly
1956Wood as a Building Material[265]Arkkitehti
August 1956Form as a Symbol of Articstic Creativity[266][nb 19]Oulu
1957Obituary for Henry van de Velde[267]Arkkitehti
1957The Enemies of Good Architecture[268]Royal Institute of British Architects JournalLondon
1957The Architect's Dream of Paradise[269][nb 20]Malmö
November 1957Schöner Wohnen[270][nb 21]More Beautiful HousingMunich
1958In Lieu of an Article[271]Arkkitehti
1958What is Culture?[272][nb 22]Jyväskylä Lyceum
1959Obituary for Frank Lloyd Wright[273]Architectural Forum
1960'sThe Special Character of Nordic Design[274][nb 23]
January 1962The International Status of Finnish Art[275][nb 24]
1963Aims as SAFA Chairman[276][nb 25]
October 1963Speech[277][nb 26]Mexico City
1965Obituary for Le Corbusier[273]Arkkitehti
April 1966Town Planning and Public Buildings[278][nb 27]
1967National-International[279]Arkkitehti
1968Obituary for Sigfried Giedion[280]Arkkitehti
1970Die Beziehungen zwischen Architektur, Malerei, und Skulptur[281][nb 28]Alvar Aalto, Synopsis
1970'sThe White Table[282][nb 29]
July 1972Interview for Finnish Television[283][nb 30]
December 1972Speech[284][nb 31]Helsinki

Notes

  1. ↑ Chapter for a never published book[217]
  2. ↑ Speech given at the Student Union.[221]
  3. ↑ An interview from a Turku newspaper.[224]
  4. ↑ A summary of an interview given.[231]
  5. ↑ A lecture form the annual meeting of the Swedish Society of Industrial Design[235]
  6. ↑ Lecture given at the Nordic Building Congress.[236]
  7. ↑ A piece for the never published magazine The Human Side, which included himself, Gregor Paulsson, members of the Bauhaus living in exile, Morton Schand, Francis Hackett, and with assistance from the Museum of Modern Art.[238]
  8. ↑ Lecture given at Yale.[240]
  9. ↑ This lecture was given preceding the Soviet invasion of Finland.[241]
  10. ↑ Originally published in an unabridged format in a booklet entitled Post-War Reconstruction, Rehousing Research in Finland, in New York City in 1940.[244]
  11. ↑ Speech given to the Swedish Association of Architects concerning the Finnish Standardization Office.[248]
  12. ↑ Preface to a furniture catalogue produced by Artek.[252]
  13. ↑ A text meant to be published commemorating an exhibit to be shown in New York. Unfortunately Aalto sent it in too late; however it was preserved.[255]
  14. ↑ Never published eulogy for Eliel Saarinen.[256]
  15. ↑ A Preface to a furniture catalog for Nordiska Kompaniet.[260]
  16. ↑ A piece written for newspaper critics.[260]
  17. ↑ Reconstructed from Italian text.[262]
  18. ↑ Speech given at Academy of Finland.[263]
  19. ↑ Lecture given at the University of Oulu.[266]
  20. ↑ Speech given at the jubilee meeting of the Southern Swedish Master Builders' Society[269]
  21. ↑ A speech for the Federation of German Carpet and Upholstery Inustries.[270]
  22. ↑ Given as the keynote speech at the centenary celebration of his former school.[272]
  23. ↑ An unpublished piece possibly meant for United States distribution.[274]
  24. ↑ A lecture given at the Finnish Cultural Foundation's symposium on cultural policy.[275]
  25. ↑ Outgoing speech as SAFA chairman.[276]
  26. ↑ Transcript of speech given at the Mexican Institute of Technology, where Aalto received an honorary degree.[244]
  27. ↑ Speech given at the Finnish Association of Architects[278]
  28. ↑ Karl Fleig's account of a discussion with Aalto, published in his book Alvar Aalto, Synopsis.[281]
  29. ↑ Introduction to never completed book.
  30. ↑ An interview by Göran Schildt for the Finnish Broadcasting Corporation.[283]
  31. ↑ A speech delivered at the Helsinki University of Technology Centennial celebration.[284]
  1. ↑ Some sources date this at 1940, and refer to it as both the HAKA housing development and traffic plan and design of Erottaja Square.[3]
  2. ↑ Some sources state that Aalto started in 1940.[74]

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 164
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Labò 1968, pp. 5–6
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Weston 1995, p. 236
  4. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 42
  5. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 62
  6. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 89
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schildt 1994, p. 147
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, p. 127
  9. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 68
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schildt 1994, p. 77
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 65
  12. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 82
  13. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 100
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 Gutheim 1960, pp. 119–121
  15. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 39
  16. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 112
  17. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 63
  18. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 157
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Schildt 1994, p. 40
  20. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 67
  21. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 89–90
  22. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 42–43
  23. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 43
  24. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 39–40
  25. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 46
  26. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 59
  27. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 164–165
  28. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 90
  29. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 135
  30. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 10
  31. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 127–128
  32. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 44–45
  33. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 45
  34. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 101
  35. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 44
  36. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 112–114
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Brown 1969, p. 4
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Hoiberg 2010, p. 2
  39. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 71–72
  40. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 157–158
  41. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 119
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schildt 1994, p. 102
  43. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 158–159
  44. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 136
  45. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 69
  46. 1 2 3 4 5 Jencks 1973, p. 406
  47. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 68–69
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 159
  49. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 72
  50. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 65–66
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, p. 165
  52. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 135–136
  53. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 82–83
  54. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 47
  55. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 47–48
  56. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 72–73
  57. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schildt 1994, p. 66
  58. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 61
  59. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 11–12
  60. ↑ Pallasmaa 1998, p. 98
  61. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 128
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 148
  63. 1 2 3 4 5 Pallasmaa 1998, p. 75
  64. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 90–91
  65. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 12–13
  66. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 14
  67. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 119–120
  68. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 73
  69. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 91
  70. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, p. 137
  71. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 14–15
  72. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 15–16
  73. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 91–92
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 16
  75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Schildt 1994, p. 149
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 114
  77. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, pp. 148–149
  78. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 83
  79. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 78
  80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Schildt 1994, p. 151
  81. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schildt 1994, p. 79
  82. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 160
  83. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 150
  84. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, pp. 141–152
  85. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 16–17
  86. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 17–18
  87. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 21
  88. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 150–151
  89. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 152
  90. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, pp. 152–153
  91. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 19–20
  92. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 31–32
  93. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 120
  94. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 78–79
  95. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 64
  96. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 22
  97. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 153
  98. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 69–70
  99. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, pp. 153–154
  100. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 Weston 1995, p. 237
  101. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 77–78
  102. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 149–150
  103. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 20–21
  104. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 21–22
  105. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 137–138
  106. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 161
  107. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 160–161
  108. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 130
  109. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 92
  110. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 128–130
  111. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 48–49
  112. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 24
  113. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 70
  114. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 93
  115. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 154–155
  116. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 154
  117. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 24–25
  118. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schildt 1994, p. 80
  119. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Schildt 1994, p. 155
  120. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 61–62
  121. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 79–80
  122. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 102–103
  123. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 156
  124. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 74
  125. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 25
  126. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 86–87
  127. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 75–76
  128. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 85
  129. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 103
  130. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 138–139
  131. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 139–140
  132. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 83–85
  133. ↑ Schilt 1994, pp. 161–162
  134. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 87
  135. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 85–86
  136. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 25–26
  137. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 87–88
  138. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Schildt 1994, p. 86
  139. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 94
  140. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 141
  141. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 130–131
  142. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 93–94
  143. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 23–24
  144. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, p. 162
  145. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 32–33
  146. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 95
  147. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 26
  148. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 131–132
  149. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 50–52
  150. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 122
  151. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 52
  152. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 132
  153. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 49–50
  154. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 104–106
  155. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 120–122
  156. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 26–27
  157. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 141–142
  158. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 52–55
  159. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 33–35
  160. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 132–133
  161. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 106
  162. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 115
  163. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 27
  164. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 142
  165. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 35–36
  166. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 35
  167. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 123
  168. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 133
  169. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 33
  170. 1 2 3 4 5 Schildt 1994, p. 163
  171. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 142–143
  172. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 96–97
  173. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Weston 1995, p. 238
  174. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 97
  175. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 36–37
  176. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 97–98
  177. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 116
  178. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 88
  179. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 144
  180. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 145
  181. ↑ Scgildt 1994, pp. 27–28
  182. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 98
  183. ↑ schildt 1994, p. 143
  184. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 108–109
  185. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 37–38
  186. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 109
  187. 1 2 3 4 Schildt 1994, p. 134
  188. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 98–99
  189. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 115–116
  190. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 55
  191. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 36
  192. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 38
  193. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 28–29
  194. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 29
  195. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 109–110
  196. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Schildt 1994, p. 110
  197. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 123–124
  198. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, p. 118
  199. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 55–56
  200. ↑ Schildt 1994, p. 124
  201. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 56–58
  202. 1 2 Schildt 1994, pp. 133–134
  203. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 116–117
  204. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 74–75
  205. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 144–145
  206. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 58
  207. ↑ Schildt 1994, pp. 124–125
  208. 1 2 3 Schildt 1994, pp. 106–108
  209. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 125
  210. 1 2 Schildt 1994, p. 99
  211. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 29
  212. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 13
  213. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 12
  214. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 31
  215. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 35
  216. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 33
  217. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 49
  218. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 19
  219. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 37
  220. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1997, p. 17
  221. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 56
  222. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 21
  223. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 50
  224. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 58
  225. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 64
  226. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 254
  227. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 66
  228. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 241
  229. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 74
  230. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 76
  231. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 71
  232. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 85
  233. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 86
  234. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 84
  235. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 89
  236. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 98
  237. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 120
  238. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 113
  239. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 229
  240. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 225
  241. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 110
  242. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 242
  243. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 102
  244. 1 2 3 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 122
  245. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 149–150
  246. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 116
  247. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 164
  248. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 165
  249. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 230
  250. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 206
  251. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 136
  252. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 256
  253. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 107
  254. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 167
  255. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 247
  256. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 243
  257. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 184
  258. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 210
  259. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 234
  260. 1 2 3 4 Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 257–258
  261. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 138
  262. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 38
  263. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 171
  264. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 176
  265. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 101
  266. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 180
  267. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 246
  268. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 201–202
  269. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 214–215
  270. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 260
  271. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 263
  272. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 15
  273. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 248
  274. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 259
  275. 1 2 Schildt & AAlto 1998, p. 276
  276. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 157
  277. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 139
  278. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 211–212
  279. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 216–217
  280. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 249
  281. 1 2 Schildt & aalto 1998, p. 265
  282. ↑ Schildt & Aalto 1998, p. 11
  283. 1 2 Schildt & AAlto 1998, p. 269
  284. 1 2 Schildt & Aalto 1998, pp. 281–282

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