Ladinian

System/
Period		 Series/
Epoch		 Stage/
Age		 Age (Ma)
Jurassic Lower/
Early		 Hettangian younger
Triassic Upper/
Late		 Rhaetian 201.3 ~208.5
Norian ~208.5 ~227
Carnian ~227 ~237
Middle Ladinian ~237 ~242
Anisian ~242 247.2
Lower/
Early		 Olenekian 247.2 251.2
Induan 251.2 251.902
Permian Lopingian Changhsingian older
Subdivision of the Triassic system
according to the ICS, as of 2018.[1]

The Ladinian is a stage and age in the Middle Triassic series or epoch. It spans the time between 242 Ma and ~237 Ma (million years ago).[2] The Ladinian was preceded by the Anisian and succeeded by the Carnian (part of the Upper or Late Triassic).[3]

The Ladinian is coeval with the Falangian Chinese regional stage.

Stratigraphic definitions

The Ladinian was established by Austrian geologist Alexander Bittner in 1892. Its name comes from the Ladin people that live in the Italian Alps (in the Dolomites, then part of Austria-Hungary).

The base of the Ladinian stage is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where the ammonite species Eoprotrachyceras curionii first appears or the first appearance of the conodont Budurovignathus praehungaricus. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP) is at an outcrop in the river bed of the Caffaro river at Bagolino, in the province of Brescia, northern Italy.[4] The top of the Ladinian (the base of the Carnian) is at the first appearance of ammonite species Daxatina canadensis.

The Ladinian is sometimes subdivided into two subages or substages, the Fassanian (early or lower) and the Longobardian (late or upper). The Ladinian contains four ammonite biozones, which are evenly distributed among the two substages:

Palaeontology

Many Ladinian and Carnian vertebrates have been discovered in the paleorrota in Brazil: Rhynchosaurs, thecodonts, exaeretodonts, Staurikosaurus, Guaibasaurus, Saturnalia tupiniquim, Sacisaurus, Unaysaurus, and many others. Paleorrota lies within the Santa Maria Formation and the Caturrita Formation.

Vertebrates of Ladinian age include:

Amphibians

Amphibians of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images

Archosaurs

Archosaurs of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
All across Europe Zanclodon is the name formally used for fossil material that might actually belongs to at least two genera of dinosaur from the Late Triassic among other genera.

Dinosauromorphs

Dinosauromorphs of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Argentina
Lagosuchus

Suchians

Suchians of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Erfurt Formation, Germany
Switzerland, Italy

†Placodonts

Placodonts of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Cyamodus
Paraplacodus

Therapsids

Therapsids of the Ladinian
Taxa Presence Location Description Images
Exaeretodon

Santa Maria Formation, Brazil and Omingonde Formation, Namibia

See also

  • Paleorrota

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "International Chronostratigraphic Chart" (PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. 2018.
  2. ↑ http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
  3. ↑ For a detailed geologic timescale see Gradstein et al. (2004)
  4. ↑ The GSSP was established by Brack et al. (2005)

Literature

  • Bittner, A.; 1892: Was ist norisch?, Jahrbuch der kaiserlich-königlichen geologischen Reichsanstalt 42(3), pp. 387–396. (in German)
  • Brack, P.; Rieber, H.; Nicora, A. & Mundil, R.; 2005: The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Ladinian Stage (Middle Triassic) at Bagolino (Southern Alps, Northern Italy) and its implications for the Triassic time scale, Episodes 28(4), pp. 233–244.
  • Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.

Coordinates: 45°49′09″N 10°28′16″E / 45.8193°N 10.4710°E / 45.8193; 10.4710

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