King Kong vs. Godzilla

King Kong vs. Godzilla
Theatrical release poster
Directed by Ishirō Honda
Produced by Tomoyuki Tanaka
Written by Shinichi Sekizawa
Starring
Music by Akira Ifukube
Cinematography Hajime Koizumi
Edited by Reiko Kaneko
Production
company
Distributed by Toho
Release date
  • August 11, 1962 (1962-08-11)
Running time
 97 minutes
Country Japan
Language Japanese
Budget ¥150 million
(Japan)
$200,000
(USA)
Box office ¥352 million[1]
(Japan)
$2.7 million[1]
(USA)

King Kong vs. Godzilla (キングコング対ゴジラ, Kingu Kongu Tai Gojira) is a 1962 Japanese science fiction crossover kaiju film featuring King Kong and Godzilla, produced and distributed by Toho. It is the third film in the Godzilla franchise and Showa series and the first of two Japanese-produced films featuring King Kong. It is also the first time both characters appeared on film in color and widescreen.[2] The film is directed by Ishirō Honda with special effects by Eiji Tsuburaya and stars Tadao Takashima, Kenji Sahara, Yū Fujiki, Ichirō Arishima, and Mie Hama, with Shoichi Hirose as King Kong and Haruo Nakajima as Godzilla. Produced as part of Toho's 30th anniversary celebration, this film remains the most attended of all the Godzilla films to date.[3]

An American production team produced a heavily altered English version that used new scenes, sound and dubbing. The American production was released theatrically in the United States in the summer of 1963 by Universal Pictures. The film was released in Japan on August 11, 1962.

Plot

Mr. Tako, head of Pacific Pharmaceuticals, is frustrated with the television shows his company is sponsoring and wants something to boost his ratings. When a doctor tells Tako about a giant monster he discovered on the small Faro Island, Tako believes that it would be a brilliant idea to use the monster to gain publicity. Tako immediately sends two men, Sakurai and Kinsaburo, to find and bring back the monster. Meanwhile, the American submarine Seahawk gets caught in an iceberg. The iceberg collapses, unleashing Godzilla (who, in the Japanese version, had been trapped within since 1955), who then destroys the submarine and a nearby Arctic military base.

On Faro Island, a giant octopus attacks the native village. The mysterious Faro monster, revealed to be King Kong, arrives and defeats the octopus. Kong then drinks some red berry juice that immediately puts him to sleep. Sakurai and Kinsaburo place Kong on a large raft and begin to transport him back to Japan. Mr. Tako arrives on the ship transporting Kong, but a JSDF ship stops them and orders them to return Kong to Faro Island. Meanwhile, Godzilla arrives in Japan and begins terrorizing the countryside. Kong wakes up and breaks free from the raft. Reaching the mainland, Kong confronts Godzilla and proceeds to throw giant rocks at Godzilla. Godzilla is not fazed by King Kong's rock attack and uses its atomic breath to burn him. Kong retreats after realizing that he is not yet ready to take on Godzilla and its atomic breath.

The JSDF digs a large pit laden with explosives and poison gas and lures Godzilla into it, but Godzilla is unharmed. They next string up a barrier of power lines around the city filled with 1,000,000 volts of electricity (50,000 volts were tried in the first film, but failed to turn the monster back), which prove effective against Godzilla. Kong then approaches Tokyo and tears through the power lines, feeding off the electricity which seems to make him stronger. Kong then enters Tokyo and captures Fumiko, Sakurai's sister. The JSDF launches capsules full of the Faro Island berry juice in gas form which puts Kong to sleep and are able to rescue Fumiko. The JSDF then decides to transport Kong via balloons to Godzilla, in hopes that they will kill each other.

The next morning, Kong is dropped next to Godzilla at the summit of Mount Fuji and the two engage in a final battle. Godzilla initially has the advantage due to its atomic breath and nearly kills Kong. After knocking Kong out with a devastating dropkick and tail smacks to the head, Godzilla begins burning the foliage around Kong trying to cremate him. Suddenly a bolt of lightning from thunder clouds strike King Kong reviving him and charging him up. The monsters continue their fight with the revitalized King Kong beating up Godzilla. Kong continues to throw rocks to attack Godzilla as Godzilla uses its atomic breath to keep Kong at a distance. The two monsters destroy Atami Castle and both fall off a cliff together into the Pacific Ocean. After an underwater battle, only Kong resurfaces. Kong begins to swim towards his island home. There is no sign of Godzilla, but the JSDF speculates that it is possible that it survived. The JSDF decides not to pursue Kong but, rather, let him return home.

Cast

Production

A painting done by Willis O'Brien for the proposed King Kong meets Frankenstein. This project evolved into King Kong vs. Godzilla with Godzilla replacing the Frankenstein giant as King Kong's opponent

The film had its roots in an earlier concept for a new King Kong feature developed by Willis O'Brien, animator of the original stop-motion Kong. Around 1960, O'Brien came up with a proposed treatment, King Kong meets Frankenstein,[5] where Kong would fight against a giant version of Frankenstein's monster in San Francisco.[6] O'Brien took the project (which consisted of some concept art[7] and a screenplay treatment) to RKO to secure permission to use the King Kong character. During this time the story was renamed King Kong vs. the Ginko[8] when it was believed that Universal had the rights to the Frankenstein name (it actually only had the rights to the monster's makeup design). O'Brien was introduced to producer John Beck, who promised to find a studio to make the film (at this point in time, RKO was no longer a production company). Beck took the story treatment and had George Worthing Yates flesh it out into a screenplay. The story was slightly altered and the title changed to King Kong vs. Prometheus, returning the name to the original Frankenstein concept (The Modern Prometheus was the alternate name of Frankenstein in the original novel). Unfortunately, the cost of stop-motion animation discouraged potential studios from putting the film into production. After shopping the script around overseas, Beck eventually attracted the interest of the Japanese studio Toho, which had long wanted to make a King Kong film and was also planning for Godzilla to make a comeback around the same time. After purchasing the script, they decided to replace the Frankenstein creature with Godzilla to be King Kong's opponent and would have Shinichi Sekizawa rewrite Yates's script. The studio thought that it would be the perfect way to celebrate its thirtieth year in production.[9] It was one of 5 big banner releases for the company to celebrate the anniversary alongside Sanjuro, 47 Samurai, Lonely Lane, and Born in Sin.[10] John Beck's dealings with Willis O'Brien's project were done behind his back and O'Brien was never credited for his idea.[11] In 1963, Merian C. Cooper attempted to file a lawsuit against John Beck claiming that he outright owned the King Kong character, but the lawsuit never went through as it turned out he was not Kong's sole legal owner as he had previously believed.[12]

Ishiro Honda wanted the theme of the movie to be a satire of the Television industry in Japan. In April 1962, TV networks and their various sponsors started producing outrageous programming and publicity stunts to grab audiences attention after two elderly viewers reportedly died at home while watching a violent wrestling match on TV.[13] The various rating wars between the networks and banal programming that followed this event caused widespread debate over how TV would effect Japanese culture with Soichi Oya stating TV was creating "a nation of 100 million idiots".[14] Honda stated "People were making a big deal out of ratings, but my own view of TV shows was that they did not take the viewer seriously, that they took the audience for granted....so I decided to show that through my movie"[13] and "the reason I showed the monster battle through the prism of a ratings war was to depict the reality of the times".[15] Honda addressed this by having a pharmaceutical company sponsor a TV show and going to extremes for a publicity stunt for ratings by capturing a giant monster stating "All a medicine company would have to do is just produce good medicines you know? But the company doesn't think that way. They think they will get ahead of their competitors if they use a monster to promote their product.".[16] Honda would work with screenwriter Shinichi Sekizawa on developing the story stating that "Back then Sekizawa was working on pop songs and TV shows so he really had a clear insight into television".[17]

Special effects director Eiji Tsuburaya was planning on working on other projects at this point in time such as a new version of a fairy tale film script called Kaguyahime (Princess Kaguya), but he postponed those to work on this project with Toho instead since he was such a huge fan of King Kong.[18] He stated in an early 1960s interview with the Mainichi Newspaper, "But my movie company has produced a very interesting script that combined King Kong and Godzilla, so I couldn't help working on this instead of my other fantasy films. The script is special to me; it makes me emotional because it was King Kong that got me interested in the world of special photographic techniques when I saw it in 1933."[19]

A Shinto priest performs a purification ceremony prior to the start of filming.

Eiji Tsuburaya had a stated intention to move the Godzilla series in a lighter direction. This approach was not favoured by most of the effects crew, who "couldn't believe" some of the things Tsuburaya asked them to do, such as Kong and Godzilla volleying a giant boulder back and forth. But Tsuburaya wanted to appeal to children's sensibilities and broaden the genre's audience.[20] This approach was favoured by Toho and to this end, King Kong vs. Godzilla has a much lighter tone than the previous two Godzilla films and contains a great deal of humor within the action sequences. With the exception of the next film, Mothra vs. Godzilla, this film began the trend to portray Godzilla and the monsters with more and more anthropomorphism as the series progressed, to appeal more to younger children. Ishirô Honda was not a fan of the dumbing down of the monsters.[16] Years later, Honda stated in an interview. "I don't think a monster should ever be a comical character." "The public is more entertained when the great King Kong strikes fear into the hearts of the little characters."[21][22] The decision was also taken to shoot the film in a (2.35:1) scope ratio (Tohoscope) and to film in color (Eastman Color), marking both monsters' first widescreen and color portrayals.[23] Additionally, the theatrical release was accompanied by both a true 4.0 stereophonic soundtrack, and a regular monaural mix.

Toho had planned to shoot this film on location in Sri Lanka, but had to forgo that (and scale back on production costs) because it ended up paying RKO roughly ¥80 million ($220,000) for the rights to the King Kong character.[24] The bulk of the film was shot on Oshima (an island near Japan) instead.[25] The movie's production budget came out to ¥150,000,000.[21][26]

Suit actors Shoichi Hirose (King Kong) and Haruo Nakajima (Godzilla) were given a mostly free rein by Eiji Tsuburaya to choreograph their own moves. The men would rehearse for hours and would base their moves on that from professional wrestling (a sport that was growing in popularity in Japan),[27] in particular the movies of Toyonobori.[28]

During pre-production, Eiji Tsuburaya had toyed with the idea of using Willis O'Brien's stop-motion technique instead of the suitmation process used in the first two Godzilla films, but budgetary concerns prevented him from using the process, and the more cost efficient suitmation was used instead. However, some brief stop motion was used in a couple of quick sequences. One of these sequences was animated by Koichi Takano[29] who was a member of Eiji Tsuburaya's crew.

A brand new Godzilla suit was designed for this film and some slight alterations were done to its overall appearance. These alterations included the removal of its tiny ears, three toes on each foot rather than four, enlarged central dorsal fins and a bulkier body. These new features gave Godzilla a more reptilian/dinosaurian appearance.[30] Outside of the suit, a meter high model and a small puppet were also built. Another puppet (from the waist up) was also designed that had a nozzle in the mouth to spray out liquid mist simulating Godzilla's atomic breath. However the shots in the film where this prop was employed (far away shots of Godzilla breathing its atomic breath during its attack on the Arctic Military base) were ultimately cut from the film.[31] These cut scenes can be seen in the Japanese theatrical trailer.[32] Finally, a separate prop of Godzilla's tail was also built for close up practical shots when its tail would be used (such as the scene where Godzilla trips Kong with its tail). The tail prop would be swung offscreen by a stage hand.[31]

Eiji Tsuburaya and an octopus wrangler work with a live octopus among the miniature huts.

Sadamasa Arikawa (who worked with Eiji Tsuburaya) said that the sculptors had a hard time coming up with a King Kong suit that appeased Tsuburaya.[20] The first suit was rejected for being too fat with long legs giving Kong an almost cute look.[20] A few other designs were done before Tsuburaya would approve the final look that was ultimately used in the film. The suit's body design was a team effort by brothers Koei Yagi and Kanji Yagi. Two separate masks (designed by Teizo Toshimitsu) and two separate pairs of arms were also created. One pair were extended arms that were operated by poles inside the suit to better give Kong a gorilla-like illusion, while the other pair were at normal arms length and featured gloves that were used for scenes that required Kong to grab items and wrestle with Godzilla.[33] Besides the suit with the two separate arm attachments, a meter high model and a puppet of Kong (used for closeups) were also built.[34][35] As well, a huge prop of Kong's hand was built for the scene where he grabs Mie Hama (Fumiko) and carries her off.[36][37]

For the attack of the giant octopus, four live octopuses were used. They were forced to move among the miniature huts by having hot air blown onto them. After the filming of that scene was finished, three of the four octopuses were released. The fourth became special effects director Eiji Tsuburaya's dinner. Along with the live animals, two rubber octopus props were built, with the larger one being covered with plastic wrap to simulate mucous. Some stop-motion tentacles were also created for the scene where the octopus grabs a native and tosses him.[38]

Since King Kong was seen as the bigger draw (at the time, he was even more popular in Japan than Godzilla), and since Godzilla was still a villain at this point in the series, the decision was made to not only give King Kong top billing but also to present him as the winner of the climactic fight. While the ending of the film does look somewhat ambiguous, Toho confirmed that King Kong was indeed the winner in their 1962–63 English-language film brochure Toho Films Vol. 8, which states in the film's plot synopsis, A spectacular duel is arranged on the summit of Mt. Fuji and King Kong is victorious. But after he has won...[39]

English version

When John Beck sold the King Kong vs. Prometheus script to Toho (which became King Kong vs. Godzilla), he was given exclusive rights to produce a version of the film for release in non-Asian territories. He was able to line up a couple of potential distributors in Warner Bros. and Universal-International even before the film began production. Beck, accompanied by two Warner Bros. representatives, attended at least two private screenings of the film on the Toho Studios lot before it was released in Japan.[40]

John Beck enlisted the help of two Hollywood writers, Paul Mason and Bruce Howard, to write a new screenplay. After discussions with Beck, the two wrote the American version and worked with editor Peter Zinner to remove scenes, recut others, and change the sequence of several events. To give the film more of an American feel, Mason and Howard decided to insert new footage that would convey the impression that the film was actually a newscast. The television actor Michael Keith played newscaster Eric Carter, a United Nations reporter who spends much of the time commenting on the action from the U.N. Headquarters via an International Communications Satellite (ICS) broadcast. Harry Holcombe was cast as Dr. Arnold Johnson, the head of the Museum of Natural History in New York City, who tries to explain Godzilla's origin and his and Kong's motivations.[41][42] The new footage, directed by Thomas Montgomery, was shot in three days.[43]

Beck and his crew were able to obtain library music from a host of older films (music tracks that had been composed by Henry Mancini, Hans J. Salter, and even a track from Heinz Roemheld). These films include Creature from the Black Lagoon, Bend of the River, Untamed Frontier, The Golden Horde, Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man, Man Made Monster, Thunder on the Hill, While the City Sleeps, Against All Flags, The Monster That Challenged the World, The Deerslayer and music from the TV series Wichita Town. Cues from these scores were used to almost completely replace the original Japanese score by Akira Ifukube and give the film a more Western sound.[44] They also obtained stock footage from the film The Mysterians from RKO (the film's US copyright holder at the time) which was used to not only represent the ICS, but which was also utilized during the film's climax.[45] Stock footage of a massive earthquake from The Mysterians was employed to make the earthquake caused by Kong and Godzilla's plummet into the ocean much more violent than the tame tremor seen in the Japanese version. This added footage features massive tidal waves, flooded valleys, and the ground splitting open swallowing up various huts.[45]

Beck spent roughly $15,500 making his English version and sold the film to Universal-International for roughly $200,000 on April 29, 1963.[40] The film opened in New York on June 26 of that year.[40]

Starting in 1963, Toho's international sales booklets began advertising an English dub of King Kong vs. Godzilla alongside Toho-commissioned, uncut international dubs of movies such as Giant Monster Varan and The Last War. By association, it is thought that this King Kong vs. Godzilla dub is an uncut, English-language international version not known to have been released on home video.[46]

Release

In Japan, this film has the highest box office attendance figures of all of the Godzilla series to date. It sold 11.2 million tickets during its initial theatrical run accumulating ¥352,000,000 in grosses.[47][26] The film was the fourth highest-grossing film in Japan that year behind The Great Wall (Shin no shikôtei), Sanjuro, and 47 Samurai and was Toho's second biggest moneymaker.[48] The film was re-released twice as part of the Champion Matsuri (東宝チャンピオンまつり),[49] a film festival that ran from 1969 through 1978 that featured numerous films packaged together and aimed at children. First in 1970,[50] and then again in 1977,[51] to coincide with the Japanese release of King Kong.[52] After these two theatrical re-releases, the film accumulated a lifetime figure of 12,550,000 tickets sold.[53]

After its theatrical re-releases, the film was screened two more times at specialty festivals. In 1979, to celebrate Godzilla's 25th anniversary, the film was reissued as part of a triple bill festival known as The Godzilla Movie Collection (Gojira Eiga Zenshu). It played alongside Invasion of Astro-Monster and Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla.[54] This release is known among fans for its exciting and dynamic movie poster featuring all the main kaiju from these three films engaged in battle.[55] Then in 1983, the film was screened as part of The Godzilla Resurrection Festival (Gojira no Fukkatsu). This large festival featured ten Godzilla/kaiju films in all. (Godzilla, King Kong vs. Godzilla, Mothra vs. Godzilla, Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster, Invasion of Astro-Monster, Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla, Rodan, Mothra, Atragon, and King Kong Escapes).[56]

In North America, King Kong vs. Godzilla premiered in New York City on June 26, 1963. It grossed $2.7 million[1] accumulating a profit (via rentals) of $1.25 million.[57]

The film also played in many International markets. In Germany it was known as Die Rückkehr des King Kong (The Return of King Kong) and in Italy as Il Trionfo Di King Kong (The Triumph of King Kong)[58][59]

Home media releases

The Japanese version of this film was released numerous times through the years by Toho on different home video formats.[60] The film was first released on VHS in 1985 and again in 1991. It was released on LaserDisc in 1986 and 1991, and then again in 1992 in its truncated 74-minute form as part of a laserdisc box set called the Godzilla Toho Champion Matsuri. Toho then released the film on DVD in 2001. They released it again in 2005 as part of the Godzilla Final Box DVD set,[61] and again in 2010 as part of the Toho Tokusatsu DVD Collection. This release was volume #8 of the series and came packaged with a collectible magazine that featured stills, behind the scenes photos, interviews, and more. In the summer of 2014, the film was released for the first time on Blu-ray as part of the company releasing the entire series on the Blu-Ray format for Godzilla's 60th anniversary.[62]

The American version was released on VHS by GoodTimes Entertainment (which acquired the license of some of Universal's film catalogue) in 1987, and then on DVD to commemorate the 35th anniversary of the film's U.S release in 1998. Both of these releases were full frame. Universal Studios released the English-language version of the film on DVD in widescreen as part of a two-pack bundle with King Kong Escapes in 2005,[61] and then on its own as an individual release on September 15, 2009. They then re-released the film on Blu-Ray on April 1, 2014, along with King Kong Escapes.[63]

DVD

R1 America – Goodtimes Home Video – 35th Anniversary Edition

  • Aspect Ratio: 1.33:1 (Non-Anamorphic) [NTSC]
  • Soundtrack(s): English Dolby Digital 2.0 Mono
  • Subtitles: English, French, and Spanish
  • Extras: Cast & Crew & Toho Film Credits
  • Case type: Snapper case/Keep Case
  • Release Date: August 20, 1998
  • Notes: This is now out of print. Originally released in a snapper case, more recent pressings came in a keep case.

R1 America - Universal Pictures[64]

  • Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1 (Anamorphic) [NTSC]
  • Soundtrack(s): English Dolby Digital 2.0 Mono
  • Subtitles: English, French, and Spanish
  • Case type: Keep Case
  • Release Date: November 29, 2005
  • Notes: Also available in a double feature two-pack (separate keep cases) with King Kong Escapes.

Blu-ray

  • Aspect Ratio: 2.35.1 (High-Def Widescreen)
  • Soundtrack(s): English DTS-HD Master Audio 2.0 Mono
  • Subtitles: English SDH, Francais
  • Release Date: April 1, 2014

Preservation

The original Japanese version of King Kong vs. Godzilla is infamous for being one of the most poorly-preserved tokusatsu films. In 1970, director Ishiro Honda prepared an edited version of the film for the Toho Champion Festival, a children's matinee program that showcased edited re-releases of older kaiju films along with cartoons and then-new kaiju films. Honda cut twenty-four minutes from the film's original negative, and as a result, the highest quality source for the cut footage was lost. For years all that was thought to remain of the uncut 1962 version was a faded, heavily damaged 16mm element from which rental prints had been made. 1980s restorations for home video integrated the 16mm deleted scenes into the 35mm Champion cut, resulting in wildly inconsistent picture quality.[65]

In 1991, Toho issued a restored laserdisc incorporating the rediscovery of a reel of 35mm trims of the deleted footage. The resultant quality was far superior to previous reconstructions, but not perfect; an abrupt cut caused by missing frames at the beginning or end of a trim is evident whenever the master switches between the Champion cut and a 35mm trim within the same shot. This laserdisc master was utilized for Toho's 2001 DVD release with few changes.[61]

In 2014, Toho released a new restoration of the film on Blu-Ray, which utilized the 35mm edits once again, but only those available for reels 2-7 of the film were able to be located. The remainder of video for the deleted portions was sourced from the earlier Blu-Ray of the U.S. version, in addition to the previous 480i 1991 laserdisc master.[61] On July 14, 2016, a 4K restoration of a completely 35mm sourced version of the film aired on The Godzilla First Impact,[66][67] a series of 4K broadcasts of Godzilla films on the Nihon Eiga Senmon Channel.[68]

Legacy

Due to the film's great box office success, Toho planned to do a sequel almost immediately. The sequel was simply called Continuation: King Kong vs. Godzilla.[69][70] However the project was ultimately cancelled.[71]

Also due to the great box office success of this film, Toho was convinced to build a franchise around the character of Godzilla and started producing sequels on a yearly basis.[72] The next project was to pit Godzilla against another famous movie monster icon: a giant version of the Frankenstein monster. In 1963, Kaoru Mabuchi (a.k.a. Takeshi Kimura) wrote a script called Frankenshutain tai Gojira.[73] Ultimately, Toho rejected the script and the next year pitted Mothra against Godzilla instead, in the 1964 film Mothra vs. Godzilla. This began an intra-company style crossover where kaiju from other Toho kaiju films would be brought into the Godzilla series.

Toho was eager to build a series around their version of King Kong but were refused by RKO.[74] They worked with the character again in 1967 though, when they helped Rankin/Bass co produce their film King Kong Escapes (which was loosely based on a cartoon series R/B had produced). That film, however, was not a sequel to King Kong vs. Godzilla.

Henry Saperstein (whose company UPA co-produced the 1965 film Frankenstein Conquers the World and the 1966 film The War of the Gargantuas with Toho) was so impressed with the octopus sequence[75] that he requested the creature to appear in these two productions. The giant octopus appeared in an alternate ending in Frankenstein Conquers the World that was intended specifically for the American market but was ultimately never used.[73] The creature did reappear at the beginning of the film's sequel War of the Gargantuas this time being retained in the finished film.[76]

Even though it was only featured in this one film (although it was used for a couple of brief shots in Mothra vs. Godzilla[77]), this Godzilla suit was always one of the more popular designs among fans from both sides of the Pacific. It formed the basis for some early merchandise in the US in the 1960s, such as a popular model kit by Aurora Plastics Corporation, and a popular board game by Ideal Toys.[78] This game was released alongside a King Kong game in 1963[79] to coincide with the US theatrical release of the film.

The King Kong suit from this film was redressed into the giant monkey Goro for episode 2 (GORO and Goro) of the television show Ultra Q.[80] Afterwards it was reused for the water scenes (although it was given a new mask/head) for King Kong Escapes.[81] Scenes of the giant octopus attack were reused in black and white for episode 23 (Fury of the South Seas) of Ultra Q.[80]

In 1992 (to coincide with the company's 60th anniversary), Toho wanted to remake this film as Godzilla vs. King Kong [82] as part of the Heisei series of Godzilla films. However, according to the late Tomoyuki Tanaka, it proved to be difficult to obtain permission to use King Kong.[83] Next, Toho thought to make Godzilla vs. Mechani-Kong[84] but, (according to Koichi Kawakita), it was discovered that obtaining permission even to use the likeness of King Kong would be difficult.[85][86] Mechani-Kong was replaced by Mechagodzilla, and the project eventually evolved into Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla II in 1993.

In making Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest, the special effects crew was instructed to watch the giant octopus scene to get reference for the Kraken.[87]

Through the years the film has been referenced in various songs, advertising, television shows and comic books. It was referenced in Da Lench Mob's 1992 single "Guerillas in tha Mist".[88] It was spoofed in advertising for a Bembos burger commercial from Peru,[89] for Ridsect Lizard Repellant,[90] and for the board game Connect 4.[91] It was paid homage to in comic books by DC Comics,[92] Bongo Comics,[93] and Disney Comics.[94] It was even spoofed in The Simpsons episode "Wedding for Disaster".

In 2015, Legendary Entertainment announced plans for a Godzilla vs. Kong film of their own (unrelated to Toho's version), to be released on May 22, 2020.[95]

Dual ending myth

For many years a popular myth has persisted that in the Japanese version of this film, Godzilla emerges as the winner. The myth originated in the pages of Spacemen magazine, a 1960s sister magazine to the influential publication Famous Monsters of Filmland. In an article about the film, it is incorrectly stated that there were two endings and "If you see King Kong vs Godzilla in Japan, Hong Kong or some Oriental sector of the world, Godzilla wins!"[96] The article was reprinted in various issues of Famous Monsters of Filmland in the years following such as issues 51 and 114. This misinformation would be accepted as fact[97] and persist for decades. For example, a question in the "Genus III" edition of the popular board game Trivial Pursuit asked, "Who wins in the Japanese version of King Kong vs. Godzilla?" and stated that the correct answer was "Godzilla". Various media have repeated this falsehood, [98] including the Los Angeles Times.[40]

But with the rise of home video, Westerners have increasingly been able to view the original version and the myth has been dispelled. The only differences between the two endings of the film are minor:

  • In the Japanese version, as Kong and Godzilla are fighting underwater, a very small earthquake occurs. In the American version, producer John Beck used stock footage of a violent earthquake from the film The Mysterians to make the climactic earthquake seem far more violent and destructive.
  • The dialogue is slightly different. In the Japanese version onlookers are wondering if Godzilla might be dead or not as they watch Kong swim home and speculate that it is possible he survived. In the American version, onlookers simply say, "Godzilla has disappeared without a trace" and newly shot scenes of reporter Eric Carter have him watching Kong swim home on a viewscreen and wishing him luck on his long journey home.
  • As the film ends and the screen fades to black, "Owari" ("The end") appears on screen. Godzilla's roar followed by Kong's is on the Japanese soundtrack. This was akin to the monsters' taking a bow or saying goodbye to the audience as at this point the film is over. In the American version, only Kong's roar is present on the soundtrack.

In 1993, comic book artist Arthur Adams wrote and drew a one-page story that appeared in the anthology Urban Legends #1, published by Dark Horse Comics, which dispels the popular misconception about the two versions of King Kong vs. Godzilla.[99]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 191.
  2. ↑ Twenty-five Years with Godzilla by Ed Godziszewski. Fangoria #1. O'Quinn Studios Inc., 1979. Pg. 35
  3. ↑ "King Kong vs Godzilla from Nihon-Eiga" (in Japanese). Nihon Eiga Broadcasting Corp. Archived from the original on October 16, 2014.
  4. 1 2 Ryfle 1998, p. 353.
  5. ↑ Cotta Vaz 2005, p. 361.
  6. ↑ Steve Archer. Willis O'Brien: Special Effects Genius. Mcfarland, 1993. Pgs. 80-83
  7. ↑ The 13 Faces of Frankenstein by Forrest J Ackerman. Famous Monsters of Filmland #39. Warren Publishing. 1966. Pgs. 58-60
  8. ↑ Don Glut. The Frankenstein Legend: A Tribute to Mary Shelley and Boris Karloff. Scarecrow Press, 1973. Pgs. 242-244
  9. ↑ Paul A. Woods. King Kong Cometh! Plexus Publishing Limited, 2005. Pg. 119
  10. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 186.
  11. ↑ Willis O'Brien-Creator of the Impossible by Don Shay. Cinefex #7 R.B Graphics. 1982. Pgs. 69-70
  12. ↑ Cotta Vaz 2005, pp. 361–363.
  13. 1 2 Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 185.
  14. ↑ Jayson Makoto Chun. A Nation of a Hundred Million Idiots?: A Social History of Japanese Television, 1953 - 1973. Routlegde. 2006
  15. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 187.
  16. 1 2 Ryfle 1998, p. 82.
  17. ↑ Toho Company Limited. King Kong vs. Godzilla / Earth Defense Army (Toho SF Sci-Fi Film Series (Vol.5)) (東宝 東宝SF特撮映画シリーズ 5 キングコング対ゴジラ/地球防衛). Toho Publishing Company Limited. 1986
  18. ↑ Kobayashi Tatsuyoshi & Nomoto Samurai.Eiji Tsuburaya: The Film Director Who Made Ultraman(円谷英二 : ウルトラマンをつくった映画監督).Shogakkan Publishing.1996. Pgs.48-53.
  19. ↑ A Walk Through Monster Films of the Past by Hiroshi Takeuchi. Markalite-The Magazine of Japanese Fantasy #3. Pacific Rim Publishing Company. 1991. Pgs. 56-57
  20. 1 2 3 Kabushiki 1993, pp. 115–123.
  21. 1 2 Brothers 2009, pp. 47–48.
  22. ↑ Ishiro Honda & Yoshikazu Masuda. Ishiro Honda-Godzilla And My Movie Life (「ゴジラ」とわが映画人生). Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha. 1994. Pgs. 62-63
  23. ↑ We Love Godzilla Everytime (僕たちの愛した怪獣ゴジラ). Gakken Graphic Books. 1996. Pgs. 24-25
  24. ↑ Ryfle & Godziszewski 2017, p. 186.
  25. ↑ Stuart Galbraith IV. Monsters are Attacking Tokyo! Feral House, 1998. Pgs. 83-84
  26. 1 2 Takeuchi Hiroshi. The Complete Works of Ishiro Honda (本多猪四郎全仕事). Asahi Sonorama. 2000. Pgs. 27-28
  27. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 70.
  28. ↑ Japan's Kong-Nection How O'Brien's Eighth Wonder of the World inspired Tsuburaya's Kingdom of Giant Monsters by Jim Cirronella. Famous Monsters of Filmland #267. Movieland Classics LLC. May/Jun 2013. Pg.68
  29. ↑ "Koichi Takano memoriam on SciFiJapan".
  30. ↑ Sho Motoyama & Rieko Tsuchiya. Godzilla Museum Book. ASCII Publishing, 1994.
  31. 1 2 Kaneko & Nakajima 1983, p. 103.
  32. ↑ Ryfle 1998, p. 84.
  33. ↑ Masami Yamada. The Pictorial Book of Godzilla Vol. 2. Hobby Japan Co, Ltd. 1995. Pgs. 46-47
  34. ↑ Kaneko & Nakajima 1983, p. 67.
  35. ↑ Kishikawa 1994, p. 62.
  36. ↑ Kishikawa 1994, p. 63.
  37. ↑ We Love Godzilla Everytime Encyclopedia. Gakken Graphic Books. 1996. Pg. 25.
  38. ↑ Masami Yamada. Pg. 48
  39. ↑ "Toho Company Limited. Toho Films Vol.8. Toho Publishing Co. Ltd, 1963. Pg. 9".
  40. 1 2 3 4 Ryfle 1998, pp. 87–90.
  41. ↑ The Legend of Godzilla-Part One by August Ragone and Guy Tucker. Markalite: The Magazine of Japanese Fantasy #3. Pacific Rim Publishing Company, 1991. Pg. 27
  42. ↑ "Interview: KING KONG VS GODZILLA Screenwriter Paul Mason".
  43. ↑ "Kaijuphile Movie Reviews : King Kong vs. Godzilla". Kaijuphile.com. Retrieved May 31, 2010.
  44. ↑ War of the Titans (Liner notes) by David Hirsch. King Kong vs Godzilla: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. La-La Land Records, 2005. Pgs. 4-9
  45. 1 2 Ryfle 1998, p. 90.
  46. ↑ "Toho Films Vol. 8, 1963, Pg. 62".
  47. ↑ Brothers 2009, p. 14.
  48. ↑ Galbraith IV 2008, p. 194.
  49. ↑ "Toho Champion Festival".
  50. ↑ 様々な著者Godzilla Toho Champion Matsuri Perfection (ゴジラが「僕らのヒーロー」だった時代!). ASCII Media Works/Dengeki Hobby Books. 2014. Pgs.32-33
  51. ↑ ゴジラが「僕らのヒーロー」だった時代! Pgs.63-64
  52. ↑ Closeup: Far East Report by Greg Shoemaker. Japanese Fantasy Film Journal #12. JFFJ Publishing. 1979. Pg.23
  53. ↑ "King Kong vs Godzilla Box Office".
  54. ↑ "Gojira Eiga Zenshu".
  55. ↑ "Gojira Eiga Zenshu film poster" (PDF).
  56. ↑ "Gojira no Fukkatsu Retrospective".
  57. ↑ "Top Rental Features of 1963", Variety, January 8, 1964 p 71.
  58. ↑ Godzilla Abroad by J.D Lees. G-Fan #22. Daikaiju Enterprises, 1996. Pgs. 20-21
  59. ↑ "Scans of King Kong vs Godzilla theatrical posters".
  60. ↑ "King Kong vs Godzilla detailed history of home release formats".
  61. 1 2 3 4 "Complete list of home video releases for King Kong vs Godzilla" (in Japanese). LD DVD & Blu-Ray.
  62. ↑ "60th Anniversary Edition Godzilla series on Blu-Ray". Archived from the original on March 6, 2014.
  63. ↑ "King Kong vs. Godzilla and King Kong Escapes on Blu-ray from Universal".
  64. ↑ "Indepth details of every King Kong vs Godzilla DVD release".
  65. ↑ Ryfle 1998, p. 86.
  66. ↑ "Nihon Eiga Senmon Schedule". nihon-eiga.com. May 3, 2016. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  67. ↑ ""King Kong vs Godzilla" 4K advertisement". Retrieved July 16, 2016.
  68. ↑ "4K Remastering Of "King Kong vs. Godzilla" Premiering During Satellite Cable Retrospective". May 3, 2016. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  69. ↑ "Continuation King Kong vs Godzilla".
  70. ↑ ゴジラ 東宝特撮未発表資料アーカイヴ プロデューサー・田中友幸とその時代（Godzilla Toho Special Effects Unpublished Material Archive: Producer Tomoyuki Tanaka and His Era), Kadokawa Group Publishing. 2010.
  71. ↑ The Monsterous History of King Kong vs Godzilla by Insha Fitzpatrick. Birth.Movies.Death Giant Monsters Commemorative Issue, Alamo Drafthouse. 2017. Pg.62
  72. ↑ "Giving Thanks for King Kong vs. Godzilla (You're Welcome)". TCM.
  73. 1 2 "Frankenstein vs. the Giant Devilfish".
  74. ↑ Ray Morton, King Kong: The History of a Movie Icon, Applause Theater and Cinema Books. 2005. Pgs. 134-135
  75. ↑ Memories of Ishiro Honda: Twenty years after the passing of Godzilla's famed director by Hajime Ishida. Famous Monsters of Filmland #269, Movieland Classics, LLC. Sept/Oct 2013. Pg. 21
  76. ↑ Katusnobu Higashino. Toho Kaijuu Gurafitii (Toho Monster Graffiti), Kindai Eigasha. 1991. Pgs. 35-37
  77. ↑ "Evolution of Godzilla".
  78. ↑ "Board Game Geek Godzilla".
  79. ↑ "Board Game Geek King Kong".
  80. 1 2 "The Q-Files".
  81. ↑ Ragone 2014, p. 165.
  82. ↑ "Godzilla vs. King Kong". Archived from the original on November 21, 2006.
  83. ↑ Toho Company Limited, Toho Sf Special Effects Movie Series Vol 8: Godzilla vs Mechagodzilla, Toho Publishing Products Division, 1993
  84. ↑ "Godzilla vs. Mechani-Kong". Archived from the original on November 21, 2006.
  85. ↑ Koichi Kawakita interview by David Milner, Cult Movies #14, Wack "O" Publishing, 1995
  86. ↑ "Koichi Kawakita Interview". Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
  87. ↑ "Behind the Scenes of the Pirates of the Caribbean Movies".
  88. ↑ "Rapgenius".
  89. ↑ "King Kong and Godzilla Bembos Burger Commercial".
  90. ↑ "Raja Kong vs Lidzilla Ridsect Lizard Repellant Commercial".
  91. ↑ "1990's Connect Four Commercial".
  92. ↑ "Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen #84".
  93. ↑ "Simpsons Comics Presents Bart Simpson #61".
  94. ↑ "Comic Zone #2".
  95. ↑ Busch, Jenna (May 3, 2017). "Godzilla vs. Kong and More Release Date Changes From Warner Bros". Coming Soon. Retrieved May 3, 2017.
  96. ↑ Return of Kong by Forrest J Ackerman. Spacemen #7. Warren Publishing, 1963. Pgs. 52-56
  97. ↑ Ian Thorne. Godzilla. Crestwood House, 1977. Pg.31
  98. ↑ "Bob Costas misreporting dual ending myth".
  99. ↑ "Arthur Adams Urban Legends".
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