Khamaj

Khamaj
Thaat Khamaj
Type Shadava-sampurna
Time of day Late night, 12–3[1]
Arohana S G M P D N Ṡ
Avarohana Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S
Pakad Ṉ D M P D M G[2]
Vadi G
Samavadi N
Synonym
  • Kamboja
  • Kambhoji
  • Kambodi
  • Kamodi[1]
Equivalent
Similar Khambavati[1]

Khamaj (IAST: Khamāj) is a Hindustani classical raga within the Khamaj thaat which is named after it.

Many ghazals and thumris are based on Khamaj. It utilises the shuddha (pure) form of Ni on the ascent, and the komala (flat) form of Ni on the descent, creating a key asymmetry in compositional and improvisational performance. This raga has been explored more in the lighter forms of Hindustani Classical Music such as Thumri, Tappa etc. Yet a few compositions in Dhrupad and Khayal are found as well.

Theory

Arohana: S G M P D N Ṡ[lower-alpha 1][1][2]

Avroha: Ṡ Ṉ D P M G R S[lower-alpha 2][2][1][3]

Vadi: G[2]

Samavadi: N[2]

Compositions

In Dhrupad, Sadra, Khayal, Thumri & Tappa styles :

  • Sudhi Bisara Gayi...(Sadra form – in 10 beat cycle of Jhaptala.Sung by Abdul Karim Khan of Kirana Gharana)
  • Piya Tori Tirchhi Najar Laage Pyaari Re... (Bol Banav Ki Thumri form. Sung by Faiyaz Khan of Agra *Gharana)
  • Koyaliyan Kuhuk/Kook Sunaave... (Khayal/Bandishi Thumri form – in 16 beat cycle of Teentala. Sung by Nisar Hussain Khan of Rampur Gharana, Ajay Chakravarti of Patiyala Gharana
  • Shyaam Rang Daari... (Dhrupad form – in 14 beat cycle of Dhamar Tala. Sung by N. Zahiruddin Dagar & F. Wasfuddin Dagar)
  • Sudh Naa Lini Jabse Gaye... (Dadra form – Sung by Faiyaz Khan of Agra Gharana and also Mentioned in Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande's Kramik Pustak Malika Vol. 2)

Hindi Film Songs based on Raga Khamaj:

  • Bada natkhat hai...ka kare yashoda maiya, "Kuchh Toh Log Kahenge" and Raina Beet Jaye (with Todi in mukhara) – Amar Prem [4]
  • Ayo kahanse ghanashyam – Buddha Mil Gaya
  • Vo na aenge palatkar – Devdaas
  • A dilse dil mila le – Navrang
  • Dhal chuki shame Gam – Kohinoor
  • Khat likha de savariyake nam babu
  • Mere to giridharagopala – Meera
  • Tere bina sajna lage na jiya hamar – Aarti
  • Tere mere milan ki ye raina - Abhimaan
  • Khamaj - Fuzön sung by Shafqat Amanat Ali
  • Mitwa - Kabhi alvida na kehna

The Narsinh Bhajan "Vaishnav jan to" is also based on Khamaj.

The Sargam Geet is as follows: set to teentaal, that is sixteen beats:

12345678910111213141516
GGSGMPGMND_MPD_M
G___DNS'_S 'NDPMGRS

This is the Prelude to the Sargam Geet, the underscore signifies the avagraha i.e. prolongation of the previous note by one beat for one _ and
three beats in case of _ _ _

Notes

  1. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Carnatic: S G₃ M₁ P D₂ N₃ Ṡ
    • Western: C E F G A B C
  2. ↑ Alternate notations:
    • Carnatic: Ṡ N₂ D₂ P M₁ G₃ R₂ S
    • Western: C A# A G F E D C

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Bor & Rao 1999.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 OEMI:KR.
  3. ↑ SWAAI SANGEET (Part 1) Theory of Indian Classical Music by Prem Jialal Vasant
  4. ↑ Anirudha Bhattacharjee; Balaji Vittal (2012). R. D. Burman: The Man, The Music. Harper Collins India. p. 96. ISBN 978-93-5029-236-5.

Sources

  • Bor, Joep; Rao, Suvarnalata (1999). The Raga Guide: A Survey of 74 Hindustani Ragas. Nimbus Records with Rotterdam Conservatory of Music. p. 100. ISBN 9780954397609.
  • Khamāj Rāga (Hin), The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 8 October 2018. (Subscription required (help)).
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