Kerry Babies case

Cahersiveen
Abbeydorney
Locations associated with the Kerry Babies case

The Kerry Babies case was a 1984 investigation by the Garda Síochána in County Kerry, Ireland, into the killing of one newborn baby and the alleged killing of another. The mother who concealed the second baby, Joanne Hayes, was arrested and charged with the murder of the first baby, of which she was erroneously thought to be the mother. The Gardaí were forced to drop the charges four years later and a tribunal of inquiry (the "Kerry Babies Tribunal") was launched. Its report was critical of the Garda conduct of the investigations, and also concluded that Hayes had precipitated the death of her baby. Hayes has disputed this finding, and no charges were pressed. The parents and killer of the first baby have never been identified.

Events

On 14 April 1984, a newborn baby boy was found dead of 28 stab wounds[1] on White Strand beach at Caherciveen, County Kerry.[2] A woman, Joanne Hayes from Abbeydorney, approximately 80 kilometres away, was known to have been pregnant, was arrested and she and her family confessed to the murder of the baby. However, they later withdrew their confessions and admitted instead that Hayes' baby had been born on the family farm, had died shortly after birth, and had been wrapped in a plastic bag and buried on the farm in secret. Tests showed that the baby whose body was found on the farm had the same blood type – O – as Hayes and its (married) father, Jeremiah Locke. However, the baby on the beach had blood group A.[3][4] The Gardaí nevertheless insisted that Hayes had become pregnant simultaneously by two different men (through heteropaternal superfecundation) and had given birth to both children, killing the one found on the beach. Another theory put forward was that the baby's blood type had changed due to decomposition.[5]

Hayes was charged with murder but the charge was thrown out by a judge, and the Kerry Babies Tribunal, headed by Mr Justice Kevin Lynch, was set up to investigate the behaviour of the Gardaí in the case. Judge Lynch found that Joanne Hayes killed the baby on the farm by choking it to stop it crying, in spite of state pathologist Dr John Harbison being unable to determine the cause of death.[5] Judge Lynch rejected claims by the Hayes family that they had been assaulted by Gardaí, or that the confessions were obtained through coercion.[6] Joanne Hayes had claimed that Gardaí slapped, threatened, and coerced her into making a false confession, and other family members had alleged that Gardaí used harassment and physical intimidation to get false confessions.[7] Gene Kerrigan commented in 2006, "In the opinion of some, the report never convincingly explained how people who were entirely innocent of any involvement whatever in stabbing a baby should make very detailed confessions that fitted into the facts of the baby found on the beach."[8] The case was also noteworthy for having a psychiatrist admit under oath that the definition of sociopath he had used to describe Joanne Hayes in his testimony would apply to "about half the population of the country".[9]

Repercussions

The case raised serious questions about the culture of the Garda Síochána, and the treatment of unmarried mothers in Irish society. Journalist Nell McCafferty's book about the case was titled A Woman to Blame. Joanne Hayes co-wrote a book with John Barrett about the episode called My Story. Four gardaí on the case took legal action against the authors and publishers of the book, as well as shops that sold it. They received out-of-court settlements totalling over €127,000.[10][11]

In the aftermath of the case the murder squad was disbanded, and the four gardaí assigned to desk duties, in what was seen as a demotion. In 2004, Joanne Hayes offered to undergo a DNA test to establish that she was not the mother of the baby on the beach. However, one of the officers on the case, Gerry O'Carroll, also sought such a test, saying that he believed the tests will prove the superfecundation theory correct.

The parents or killer of the baby on the beach, later named "Baby John", have never been identified. The gravesite has been repeatedly vandalised, but no suspect has ever been identified for this either.[12]

Case Review

A Garda review of the DNA evidence, announced on 16 January 2018, confirmed that Joanne Hayes was not the mother of the infant found at White Strand.[4] Irish national media reported that Acting Garda Commissioner Dónall Ó Cualáin offered a full verbal and written apology to Joanne Hayes.[13] This was followed by an apology from the Minister for Justice, Charlie Flanagan and the Taoiseach, Leo Varadkar.[14]

A new investigation into the circumstances of Baby John's death was also launched.[15][16] In September 2018 it was reported that Gardaí were following up on aspects of the original investigation and engaged in house-to-house inquiries on Valentia Island (the island opposite the beach on which Baby John was discovered), as “part of the general investigation”.[17]

See also

References

Sources

  • Tribunal of Inquiry into the "Kerry Babies" Case (October 1985). Report (PDF). Official publications. Pl.3514. Dublin: Stationery Office. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
  • Hayes, Joanne (1985). My Story. Brandon Books. ISBN 9780863220807.
  • Inglis, Tom (2003). Truth, power and lies: Irish society and the case of the Kerry babies. University College Dublin Press. ISBN 9781904558026.
  • McCafferty, Nell (2010) [1985]. A Woman to Blame: The Kerry Babies Case. Cork: Attic Press. ISBN 9781855942134.

Citations

  1. ↑ 1932-2007., Wilson, Robert Anton, (1996). Cosmic trigger. Volume II, Down to earth ((Rev. 2nd ed.) ed.). Scottsdale, AZ, U.S.A.: New Falcon Publications. ISBN 1561840114. OCLC 36814502.
  2. ↑ "Grim discovery one of three in seven years". Kerryman.ie. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
  3. ↑ "Kerry babies recap". The Journal. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  4. 1 2 Roche, Barry (16 January 2018). "'Kerry babies' case to be reviewed based on new evidence". Irish Times. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  5. 1 2 Gene Kerrigan and Pat Brennan (1999). This Great Little Nation. Gill & Macmillan, pp. 177-178. ISBN 0-7171-2937-3.
  6. ↑ https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/views/kerry-babies-judging-wrongs-of-horror-ordeal-823363.html
  7. ↑ Maguire, Moira J (Summer 2001). "The changing face of Catholic Ireland: Conservatism and liberalism in the Ann Lovett and Kerry Babies scandals" (PDF). Feminist Studies. College Park: University of Maryland. 27 (2): 335–358. doi:10.2307/3178762. Retrieved 15 February 2013. The day after the charges were dropped, the Hayes family lodged complaints against gardai involved in the investigation. Joanne Hayes claimed that gardai slapped, threatened, and coerced her into making a false confession in the murder of the Cahirciveen baby. Others alleged that gardai used harassment and physical intimidation to elicit confessions
  8. ↑ Kerrigan, Gene (4 June 2006). "A cruel new take on Kerry babies". Sunday Independent. Retrieved 15 February 2013.
  9. ↑ Inglis 2003 p.179
  10. ↑ "Detective calls for DNA analysis to settle Kerry Babies case". Sunday Independent, 28 November 1999.
  11. ↑ "Senior officer was linked to all tribunals into garda behaviour" Archived 10 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine.. Irish Examiner, 3 June 2005.
  12. ↑ "Fresh hope for solving thirty year old mystery of Kerry Babies". Evoke.ie. 14 December 2015. Retrieved January 20, 2016.
  13. ↑ O'Sullivan, Majella (16 January 2018). "Gardaí apologise to Joanne Hayes for 'stress and pain' of Kerry Babies investigation". Irish Independent. Retrieved 16 January 2018.
  14. ↑ O'Cionnaith, Fiachra (17 January 2018). "Kerry Babies: Taoiseach apologises to Joanne Hayes and is open to discussing compensation with her". Irish Examiner. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  15. ↑ O'Sullivan, Majella (17 January 2018). "Gardaí to seek DNA samples from locals in hunt for Kerry baby killer". Irish Independent. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  16. ↑ Roche, Barry (17 January 2018). "Murder inquiry launched into death of 'Baby John' in Kerry in 1984". Irish Times. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
  17. ↑ Lucey, Anne (24 September 2018). "Kerry Babies: gardaí start house-to-house enquiries on Valentia". Irish Times. Retrieved 24 September 2018.
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