Kenitra

Kenitra
القنيطرة / Qniṭra
Avenue Mohamed Diouri, Avenue Mohamed V, Kenitra

Seal
Kenitra
Location in Morocco
Coordinates: 34°15′N 6°35′W / 34.250°N 6.583°W / 34.250; -6.583
Country  Morocco
Region Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
Province Kenitra
Founded 1912
Government
 • Mayor Aziz Rabbah (PJD) (2009)
Area
 • Total 76 km2 (29 sq mi)
Elevation 26 m (85 ft)
Population (2014)[1]
 • Total 431,282
 • Rank 9th in Morocco
Time zone UTC+0 (WET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+1 (WEST)
Website http://www.alkenitra.com/

Kenitra (Moroccan Arabic: قْنيطره‬, Qniṭra; Arabic: القنيطرة‎, al-Qonayṭéra, the little bridge) is a city in northern Morocco, formerly (1932–1956) known as Port Lyautey. It is a port on the Sbu river, has a population in 2014 of 431,282,[2] is one of the three main cities of the Rabat-Sale-Quneitra region and the capital of Kenitra Province. During the Cold War Kenitra's U.S. Naval Air Facility served as a stopping point in North Africa.

History

Ancient history

The history of the city begins with the foundation of a trading-post by the Phoenicians, known back then as Thamusida. Under the Antonine dynasty, a Venus temple was built there.

Before the French protectorate, there was only Kasbah Mahdiyya in the area where the modern city can today be found.

Colonial and recent history

In March 1912 the French government and the Sultan of Morocco, Abd al-Hafid, signed the Treaty of Fez. Because of his growing unpopularity, the Sultan asked the French government for protection against the Berber rebel tribes surrounding Fez. France appointed Hubert Lyautey resident-general in Morocco.

General Lyautey restored peace and order to the country after crushing the tribal uprising. After safely moving the Sultan from Fez to the current capital city, Rabat, Lyautey began his task of civilian administration.

Sebou River - Corniche

One of the first preoccupations of General Lyautey was to build ports along the inhabitable Atlantic coast where there were no natural harbors. He established Kenitra in 1912 as a French military fort and town. The port at Kenitra, at the mouth of the Sebou river, was opened in 1913.[3] It soon became the best river port in Morocco.[4] Kenitra draws its name from a culvert built at Fouarat lake upstream of the kasbah. This culvert was destroyed in 1928. In 1933, the French officially named the locale "Port Lyautey".

It was renamed "Quneitra" in 1956 as Morocco gained its independence. Quneitra has grown rapidly to be a shipping centre for agricultural produce (mainly fruit), fish, timber, and lead and zinc ores. The city’s industrial area lies upstream of the port.

U.S. Naval Base

Air base of Kenitra: Public works and maintenance department

In November 1942, after Operation Torch, the Americans captured the Port Lyautey French fighter base as a military base, named Craw Field. The Navy ran the base until 1947, when the State Department negotiated reversion of control to France. In 1950, a $23,000,000 expansion was authorized, but then the Korean War diverted resources. In the 1950s, nearly 10,000 persons were on the base making it the largest aggregation of Americans in any one overseas base outside Japan. Later, the base at Kenitra was expanded to become a U.S. Naval Air Station.[5]

The base was shared by both the USA and Morocco through the Cold War. A small Navy communications out-station at Sidi Yahia closed in the late 1970s. The Air Station was closed in 1991.

Climate

Climate data for Kenitra
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 17.3
(63.1)		 18.1
(64.6)		 19.5
(67.1)		 20.6
(69.1)		 22.8
(73)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.4
(81.3)		 27.9
(82.2)		 27.1
(80.8)		 24.7
(76.5)		 21.1
(70)		 18.0
(64.4)		 22.4
(72.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.3
(54.1)		 13.3
(55.9)		 14.4
(57.9)		 15.7
(60.3)		 18.1
(64.6)		 20.6
(69.1)		 23.0
(73.4)		 23.3
(73.9)		 22.2
(72)		 19.4
(66.9)		 15.9
(60.6)		 13.0
(55.4)		 17.6
(63.7)
Average low °C (°F) 7.2
(45)		 8.5
(47.3)		 9.3
(48.7)		 10.9
(51.6)		 13.4
(56.1)		 16.3
(61.3)		 18.6
(65.5)		 18.7
(65.7)		 17.4
(63.3)		 14.1
(57.4)		 10.7
(51.3)		 8.0
(46.4)		 12.8
(55)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 97.6
(3.843)		 94.6
(3.724)		 74.9
(2.949)		 67.3
(2.65)		 37.8
(1.488)		 5.8
(0.228)		 0.4
(0.016)		 0.6
(0.024)		 10.7
(0.421)		 63.0
(2.48)		 130.0
(5.118)		 135.9
(5.35)		 718.6
(28.291)
Average precipitation days 12.3 12.7 12.2 11.0 7.6 2.9 0.3 0.7 2.8 8.6 13.3 14.0 98.4
Mean monthly sunshine hours 165.0 170.4 229.8 255.8 296.7 302.9 326.5 312.8 263.8 227.2 174.6 161.4 2,886.9
Source: NOAA[6]

Population

Population of Quneitra province from 1982 to 2014
19821994200420102014
188,194292,453359,142931,0271,061,432

Areas and neighborhoods

  • Mdina
    • Khabazate
    • The Cigogne
    • The cite
  • Modern city
    • Mimosa
    • Ville Haute
  • Popular districts
    • Saknia
    • Wuled Oujih
    • Maghrib al Arabi
  • Residential districts
    • Bir Rami
    • Ismailia
    • Val fleury

Education

Primary and secondary schools

There is a French international school, Groupe scolaire Honoré-de-Balzac, serving moyenne section through collège (junior high school).[7]

Colleges and universities

Transportation

Sports

Kenitra Athletic Club, KAC

In 1938, a group of Kenitra natives created KAC. This group of soccer lovers wanted to resist French domination in sports in Morocco. The team, made entirely of Kenitra natives, succeeded in reaching the premier Moroccan soccer league in 1956. In 1960, KAC won its first championship league of Morocco. KAC embarked in a journey of glories by winning the 1973-81-82 championship leagues and the 1961 throne cup. Ahmed Souiri was a long-time manager and coach. KAC has produced many international players. Bouliahiaoui and Khalifa were among the players who helped the Moroccan national soccer team qualify for the second round of the World Cup finals in Mexico in 1986. Mohammed Boussati still holds a national record of goals by scoring 25 goals in one soccer championship season in 1981-82.
Its home is the Kenitra Municipal Stadium which has a capacity of 15,000 people.[10]

Basketball

The KAC Kénitra was a very successful basketball team during the 70s and 80s.

Natives from Kenitra

Kenitra was the birthplace of:

See also

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "POPULATION LÉGALE DES RÉGIONS, PROVINCES, PRÉFECTURES, MUNICIPALITÉS, ARRONDISSEMENTS ET COMMUNES DU ROYAUME D'APRÈS LES RÉSULTATS DU RGPH 2014" (in Arabic and French). High Commission for Planning, Morocco. 8 April 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  2. ↑ "Population légale d'après les résultats du RGPH 2014 sur le Bulletin officiel N° 6354". hcp.ma (in Arabic). Retrieved 2015-07-11.
  3. ↑ Kénitra depuis 1912 (in French)
  4. ↑ In Morocco by Edith Wharton, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1920
  5. ↑ "History of Port Lyautey".
  6. ↑ "Kenitra Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 16, 2015.
  7. ↑ "Groupe scolaire Honoré-de-Balzac". AEFE. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
  8. ↑ "Wayback Machine". 6 February 2006. Archived from the original on 6 February 2006.
  9. ↑ "Morocco awards Tangier-Kenitra high-speed line contract", railway-technology.com, 8 April 2013.
  10. ↑ "Stade Municipal de Kénitra – StadiumDB.com". stadiumdb.com.
  11. ↑ https://names.911memorial.org/#lang=en_US&page=person&id=38

Coordinates: 34°15′N 6°35′W / 34.250°N 6.583°W / 34.250; -6.583

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