Katian

The Katian is the second stage of the Upper Ordovician. It is preceded by the Sandbian and succeeded by the Hirnantian stage. The Katian began 453 million years ago and lasted for about 7.8 million years until the beginning of the Hirnantian 445.2 million years ago.^[3]

Naming

The name Katian is derived from Katy Lake (Atoka County, Oklahoma, United States).^[4]

GSSP

The GSSP of the Katian stage is the Black Knob Ridge Section in southeastern Oklahoma (United States). It is an outcrop of the Womble Shale and the Bigfork Chert, the latter containing the lower boundary of the Katian. The lower boundary is defined as the first appearance datum of the graptolite species Diplacanthograptus caudatus. This horizon is 4.0 m above the base of the Bigfork Chert.^[5]^[6]

Palaeontology

Cephalopods

Endocerids

Endocerids of the Sandbian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Cameroceras	Dapingian-Homerian
Endoceras	Dapingian-Hirnantian

References

↑ Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 355 (1398): 717&ndash, 732. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.
↑ Gradstein, F. M., ed. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 504. ISBN 978-0444594259.
↑ "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012.
↑ Bergström, Stig; Finney, Stanley; Xu, Chen; Goldman, Daniel; Leslie, Stephen (31 August 2006). "Three new Ordovician global stage names". Lethaia. 39 (3): 287–288. doi:10.1080/00241160600847439.
↑ Goldman, Daniel; Stephen A. Leslie; Jaak Nõlvak; Seth Young; Stig M. Bergström; Warren D. Huff (2007). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician Series at Black Knob Ridge, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (4): 258–270. Retrieved 20 September 2012.
↑ "GSSP for Katian Stage". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012.

Coordinates: 34°25′50″N 96°04′29″W / 34.4305°N 96.0746°W / 34.4305; -96.0746

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[Wellman2000-1] Wellman, C.H.; Gray, J. (2000). "The microfossil record of early land plants". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 355 (1398): 717&ndash, 732. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0612. PMC 1692785. PMID 10905606.

[The_Geologic_Time_Scale_2012-2] Gradstein, F. M., ed. (2012). The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Elsevier Science Ltd. p. 504. ISBN 978-0444594259.

[GSSP_Table_-_Paleozoic_Era-3] "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012.

[Bergström_2006-4] Bergström, Stig; Finney, Stanley; Xu, Chen; Goldman, Daniel; Leslie, Stephen (31 August 2006). "Three new Ordovician global stage names". Lethaia. 39 (3): 287–288. doi:10.1080/00241160600847439.

[Goldman_2007-5] Goldman, Daniel; Stephen A. Leslie; Jaak Nõlvak; Seth Young; Stig M. Bergström; Warren D. Huff (2007). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Katian Stage of the Upper Ordovician Series at Black Knob Ridge, Southeastern Oklahoma, USA" (PDF). Episodes. 30 (4): 258–270. Retrieved 20 September 2012.

[GSSP_for_Katian_Stage-6] "GSSP for Katian Stage". Geologic Timescale Foundation. Retrieved 2 December 2012.