Kaluli language

Kaluli
	Bosavi
Region	Papua New Guinea
Ethnicity	Kaluli
Native speakers	3,100 (2015)[1]
Language family	Trans–New Guinea Bosavi Kaluli–Kasua Kaluli; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	bco
Glottolog	kalu1248[2]

Kaluli is a language spoken in Papua New Guinea. It is a developing language with 3,100 speakers.^[3] Some people refer to this language as Bosavi, however the people themselves refer to the language as Kaluli.^[4] There are four dialects, Ologo, Kaluli, Walulu, and Kugenesi. The differences between the dialects are not clear.^[3] The written language uses the Latin script. Kaluli belongs to the Trans-New Guinea language family.^[4] Kaluli was first analyzed by Murray Rule in 1964 who wrote a preliminary phonological and morphological analysis.^[4]

Phonology

Based on the properties of the present consonant and vowel inventories, Kaluli is a typologically typical language. It features a traditional seven vowel system, where there is a vowel height contrast.^[4] In addition, there is a rounding contrast that is dependent on a front-back contrast between six of the seven vowels.^[4] The three front vowels are also unrounded, where they contrast the other three back vowels that are rounded.^[4]

Vowel Inventory
	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
High-mid	e		o
Low-mid	ɛ		ɔ
Low		a

Similar to its vowels, Kaluli’s consonant inventory follows several common generalizations about consonants in the world’s languages. For example, the consonant chart lists only voiceless obstruents, nasal consonants, and an overall larger inventory that includes a few complex consonants (ex: glottal consonants, alveolar lateral flap, voiced labio-velar approximant).^[4]

Consonant Inventory
	Bilabial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Glottal
Stop	p		t^h t		k^h k
Nasal	m		n
Flap				ɹ
Fricative		f		s		h
Approximant					j

(w = voiced labio-velar approximant)

References

↑ Kaluli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kaluli". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
1 2 "Kaluli". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-05-02.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Grosh, Andrew; Grosh, Sylvia (September 2004). "Grammar Essentials for the Kaluli Language". Summer Institute of Linguistics Papua New Guinea.

External links

"Kaluli Grammar Essentials" (PDF).
"Organised Phonology Data" (PDF).

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[e18-1] Kaluli at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)

[Glottolog-2] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kaluli". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[:0-3] 1 2 "Kaluli". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-05-02.

[:02-4] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Grosh, Andrew; Grosh, Sylvia (September 2004). "Grammar Essentials for the Kaluli Language". Summer Institute of Linguistics Papua New Guinea.