Enga language

Enga
Native to Papua New Guinea
Region Enga Province
Native speakers
 230,000 (2000 census)[1]
Trans–New Guinea
Latin script
Language codes
ISO 639-3 enq
Glottolog enga1252[2]

Enga is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands spoken by a quarter-million people in Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It has the largest number of speakers of any native language in New Guinea, and is second over all after Papuan Malay.

Arafundi-Enga Pidgin
Native to Papua New Guinea
Region Enga Province
Native speakers
 None
Enga-based pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 None (mis)
Glottolog araf1245[3]

An Enga-based pidgin is used by speakers of Arafundi languages.

Phonology

Vowel sounds include /i e ɑ o u/.

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar
Stop voiceless p t k
prenasalized ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
Affricate voiceless ts ~ s
prenasalized ⁿd͡z
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Approximant plain ɽ j w
lateral ʎ

A /k/ can range to sounding like a fricative between low and back vowels. /t/ is pronounced as an /r/ sound intervocalically. /ts/ may also be realised as [s] . All final vowels are devoiced. Alveolar stops /t, ⁿd/ may be realised as retroflex sounds /ʈ, ᶯɖ/.[4][5]

References

  1. ↑ Enga at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Enga". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Arafundi-Enga Pidgin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Organised Phonology Data: Enga Language [ENQ] Enga Province (PDF).
  5. ↑ Hintze, O. C. (1975). A phonemic statement of Mai Enga. pp. 145–185.


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