Johnnetta Cole

Johnnetta Cole
Born	Johnnetta Betsch Cole (1936-10-19) October 19, 1936 Jacksonville, Florida, US
Alma mater	Oberlin College Northwestern University
Scientific career
Fields	Anthropology
Institutions	National Museum of African Art Spelman College Bennett College

Johnnetta Betsch Cole (born 1936) is an American anthropologist, educator, museum director, and college president. Cole was the first female African-American president of Spelman College, a historically black college, serving from 1987 to 1997. She was president of Bennett College from 2002 to 2007. During 2009–2017 she was Director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African Art.^[1]

Background

Johnnetta Betsch was born in Jacksonville, Florida, on October 19, 1936.^[2] She is a granddaughter of Abraham Lincoln Lewis, Florida's first black millionaire, entrepreneur and cofounder of the Afro-American Industrial and Benefit Association,^[3] and Mary Kingsley Sammis. Sammis' great-grandparents were Zephaniah Kingsley, a slave trader and slave owner, and his wife and former slave Anna Madgigine Jai, originally from present-day Senegal. Her Fort George Island home is protected as Kingsley Plantation, a National Historic Landmark.^[4]

Cole enrolled at the age of 15 in Fisk University, a historically black college. She transferred to Oberlin College in Ohio, where she completed a Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology in 1957. She attended graduate school at Northwestern University, earning her Master of Arts (1959) and Doctor of Philosophy (1967) degrees in anthropology. She did her dissertation field research in Liberia, West Africa, in 1960–1961 through Northwestern University as part of their economic survey of the country.^[3]

Cole divorced her first husband, economist Robert Cole, in 1982. https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/at-80-johnnetta-cole-reflects-on-her-career-and-the-controversial-cosby-exhibit/2016/10/27/e736a33a-9ae0-11e6-b3c9-f662adaa0048_story.html?utm_term=.ba61c47e27be. Missing or empty |title= (help) </ref>; https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/.../Cole,%20Johnetta.pdf^[5]))^[6] She married her second husband, Arthur Robinson, Jr., in 1988 </ref>; https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/.../Cole,%20Johnetta.pdf^[7]))^[8] In 2001, Robinson pleaded guilty to charges of child molestation and aggravated sexual assault involving a 12-year-old. https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/at-80-johnnetta-cole-reflects-on-her-career-and-the-controversial-cosby-exhibit/2016/10/27/e736a33a-9ae0-11e6-b3c9-f662adaa0048_story.html?utm_term=.ba61c47e27be. Missing or empty |title= (help) </ref> Ms. Cole has three sons. </ref>; https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/.../Cole,%20Johnetta.pdf^[9]))^[10]

Teaching

Cole served as a professor at Washington State University from 1962 to 1970, where she cofounded one of the US's first black studies programs. In 1970 Cole began working in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, where she served until 1982. While at the University of Massachusetts, she played a pivotal role in the development of the university's W.E.B. Du Bois Department of African-American Studies. Cole then moved to Hunter College in 1982, and became director of the Latin American and Caribbean Studies program. From 1998 to 2001 Cole was a professor of Anthropology, Women's Studies, and African American Studies at Emory University in Atlanta.^[3]

Administration

In 1987, Cole was selected as the first black female president of Spelman College, a prestigious historically black college for women. She served until 1997, building up their endowment through a $113 million capital campaign, attracting significantly higher enrollment as students increased, and, overall, the ranking of the school among the best liberal arts schools went up.^[11] Bill and Camille Cosby contributed $20 million to the capital campaign.^[12]

After teaching at Emory University, she was recruited as president of Bennett College for Women, also a historically black college for women. There she led another successful capital campaign. In addition, she founded an art gallery to contribute to the college's culture.^[12] Cole is currently the Chair of the Johnnetta B. Cole Global Diversity & Inclusion Institute founded at Bennett College for Women. She is a member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.

She was Director of the National Museum of African Art, part of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC, during 2009–2017.^[12] During her directorship the controversial exhibit, "Conversations: African and African-American Artworks in Dialogue," featuring dozens of pieces from Bill and Camille Cosby's private art collection was held in 2015, coinciding with accusations of sexual assault against the comedian.^[13]

Service

Cole has also served in major corporations and foundations. Cole served for many years as board member at the prestigious Rockefeller Foundation. She has been a director of Merck & Co. since 1994. She is the first woman elected to the board of Coca-Cola.^[14] From 2004 to 2006, Cole was the Chair of the Board of Trustees of United Way of America^[15] and is on the Board of Directors of the United Way of Greater Greensboro.^[16]

Political activity

President-elect Bill Clinton appointed Cole to his transition team for education, labor, the arts, and humanities in 1992.^[17] He also considered her for the cabinet post of Secretary of Education.^[18] But when The Jewish Daily Forward reported that she had been a member of the national committee of the Venceremos Brigades, which the Federal Bureau of Investigation had tied to Cuban intelligence forces, Clinton did not advance her nomination.^[19]

Legacy and honors

• In 2018 she was awarded the Legend in Leadership Award for Higher Education from the Yale Chief Executive Leadership Institute^[20]
• American Alliance of Museums Honors Dr. Johnnetta Cole with 2017 Award for Distinguished Service to Museums
• In 2013, Cole received the highest citation of the International Civil Rights Center & Museum, the Alston-Jones International Civil and Human Rights Award.^[21]
• Cole has received more than 40 honorary degrees, including those from Williams College and Bates College in 1989, Oberlin College in 1995, Mount Holyoke College in 1998, Mills College in 1999, and Howard University and North Carolina A&T State University in 2009.
• She received honorary membership in Phi Beta Kappa from Yale in 1996,^[22] and has served as a Phi Beta Kappa Senator.^[23]
• She received a Candace Award from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women in 1988.^[24]

Quotes

I pose that question to myself, why, in the 107 years of the history of this historically Black college for women, there has not been an African-American woman president.

— Johnnetta B. Cole^[2]

This is a nation whose spoken and written vision is chillingly beautiful.

— Johnnetta B. Cole^[25]

The more we pull together toward a new day, the less it matters what pushed us apart in the past

— Johnnetta B. Cole^[26]

We are for difference: for respecting difference for allowing difference, for encouraging difference, until difference no longer makes a difference.

— Johnnetta B. Cole^[26]

The ultimate expression of generosity is not in giving of what you have, but in giving of who you are.

— Johnnetta B. Cole^[27]

References

External links

• Voices from the Gaps biography`
• 1998 commencement speech, Mount Holyoke College
• 2009 State-of-the-College Address, Oberlin College
• Johnnetta Cole: Groundbreaking Scholar & College President. Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America
• Appearances on C-SPAN