John Baker (biologist)
| John Randal Baker | |
|---|---|
| Born |
23 October 1900 Woodbridge, Suffolk |
| Died | 8 June 1984 (aged 83) |
| Citizenship | British |
| Alma mater | University of Oxford |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Biology, physical anthropology |
| Institutions | University of Oxford |
| Thesis | Sex studies on mammals (1927) |
| Doctoral students | Jock Marshall |
John Randal Baker FRS[1] (23 October 1900 – 8 June 1984) was a biologist, zoologist, and professor at the University of Oxford (where he was the Emeritus Reader in Cytology) in the mid-twentieth century. John Baker received his PhD at the University of Oxford in 1927.
Family
His papers in the Bodleian Library include papers relating to the Indian Mutiny, Ashanti Campaign, Egyptian Campaign of 1882, and other military campaigns of General Sir Archibald Alison, 2nd Baronet, who was J R Baker's maternal grandfather.[2]
Work
The most widely received of his works is Race (1974). Uncharacteristic for the time, Baker continues to use the traditional categories of physical anthropology to classifiy human sub-populations under the term race.
Baker rejected the methodological relativism that has characterized anthropology since the days of Franz Boas, instead going back to earlier ideas of hereditarianism and cultural evolution. The book received mixed reviews.[1]
In Race, Baker also uses a restrictive sense of the term "civilization", giving 23 criteria by which civilizations may be identified. Based on these criteria, Baker declared that Mesoamerican societies such as those of the Aztecs and Maya were not civilizations, and that no indigenous civilizations ever arose in Africa. He enumerates five civilizations sensu stricto and explores the relationship between the biological traits and the cultures of these five civilizations.
Together with Michael Polanyi, Baker founded the Society for Freedom in Science in 1940. In March, 1958 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.[3]
Bibliography
- Sex in man and animals; with a preface by Julian S. Huxley, 1926
- Man and animals in the New Hebrides, 1929
- Cytological technique, 1933
- Biology in everyday life, 1934
- Chemical control of conception, with a chapter by H. M. Carleton, 1935
- Scientific life, 1942
- Science and the planned state, 1945
- Discovery of the uses of colouring agents in biological micro-technique, 1945
- Path of science, by C. E. Kenneth Mees ... with the cooperation of John R. Baker ... 1946
- Principles of biological microtechnique; a study of fixation and dyeing, 1958
- Cytological technique; the principles underlying routine methods, 1960
- Cell structure and its interpretation; essays presented to John Randal Baker, F.R.S. Edited by S. M. McGee-Russell and K. F. A. Ross, 1968
- Race, 1974
- Evolution : the modern synthesis by Julian Huxley; with a new introd. edited by John R. Baker, 1974
- Freedom of science, 1975
- Julian Huxley, scientist and world citizen, 1887 to 1975 : a biographical memoir, with a bibliography compiled by Jens-Peter Green, 1978
- Biology of parasitic protozoa, 1982
- Cell theory : a restatement, history, and critique, 1988
See also
References
- 1 2 Willmer, E. N.; Brunet, P. C. J. (1985). "John Randal Baker. 23 October 1900-8 June 1984". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 31: 32. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1985.0002.
- ↑ Details of papers held in Bodleian
- ↑ "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 8 December 2010.
