Jingtai Emperor

Jingtai Emperor 景泰帝
7th Emperor of the Ming dynasty
Reign	22 September 1449 – 11 February 1457
Coronation	22 September 1449
Predecessor	Zhengtong Emperor
Successor	Tianshun Emperor
Born	(1428-09-21)21 September 1428
Died	14 March 1457(1457-03-14) (aged 28)
Full name Family name: Zhu (朱) Given name: Qiyu (祁鈺) Era name and dates Jingtai (景泰): 14 January 1450 – 14 February 1457 Posthumous name Emperor Gongren Kangding Jing[1] 恭仁康定景皇帝 Temple name Ming Daizong [2] 明代宗
House	House of Zhu
Father	Xuande Emperor
Mother	Empress Dowager Xiaoyi

The Jingtai Emperor (景泰 IPA: [tɕìŋtʰâɪ]) (21 September 1428 – 14 March 1457), born Zhu Qiyu, was Emperor of China from 1449 to 1457. The second son of the Xuande Emperor, he was selected in 1449 to succeed his older brother, the Zhengtong Emperor, when the latter was captured by Mongols following the Tumu Crisis. He reigned for 8 years before being removed from the throne by his brother, who was restored as the Tianshun Emperor. The Jingtai Emperor's era name, "Jingtai", means "Exalted View".

Biography

Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne in 1449 after his older brother, the Zhengtong Emperor, was defeated and taken prisoner by the Oirat Mongols of Esen Khan.

Zhengtong was released in 1450 after the Mongols learned that the Ming government had installed Zhu Qiyu as the new emperor. After that, Jingtai continued to rule as emperor while his brother was granted the title of Retired Emperor and lived in obscurity.

During his reign, aided by the able minister Yu Qian, Jingtai paid particular attention to matters affecting his country. He repaired the Grand Canal as well as the system of dykes along the Yellow River. As a result of his administration, the economy prospered and the dynasty was further strengthened.

Jingtai reigned for eight years. When his death was imminent in 1457, he refused to name an heir, particularly because his own son had died mysteriously — perhaps poisoned. The sidelined Zhengtong Emperor saw an opportunity to regain the throne and through a military coup overthrew the Jingtai Emperor. Zhengtong adopted a new era name, "Tianshun", and is henceforth known as the Tianshun Emperor. Jingtai was demoted to the Prince of Cheng, the title he had held before ascending the throne, and was placed under house arrest in Xiyuan (西苑).^[3] Jingtai died a month later with some sources hinting that he was murdered by eunuchs on the order of the Tianshun Emperor.

After the Jingtai Emperor's death, the Tianshun Emperor denied his brother's rightful honor to be buried at the Ming Dynasty Tombs (together with his predecessors) located north of Beijing. He was instead buried well away from that locale in the hills west of Beijing and was buried as a prince rather than an emperor. His posthumous name was also shortened to five characters, instead of the normal seventeen, to reflect his demoted status.

Family

• Parents:
  • Zhu Zhanji (宣宗 朱瞻基; 1399 – 1435)
  • Empress dowager Wu (孝翼皇太后 吳氏; 1397 – 1462)
• Consorts and Issue:

1. Empress Wang (孝淵景皇后 汪氏; 1427 – 1506)
   1. Princess Gu'an (固安郡主; 1449 – 1491)
   2. Lady Zhu
2. Empress Hang (肅孝皇后 杭氏; d. 1456)
   1. Zhu Jianji (懷獻皇太子 朱見濟; 1448 – 1453)

See also

• Chinese emperors family tree (late)

References