James Fowler (architect)

James Fowler
James Fowler memorial, Louth Church
Born 11 December 1828
Lichfield
Died 10 October 1892
Louth
Nationality English
Occupation Architect

James Fowler JP, FRIBA, (11 December 1828, Lichfield – 10 October 1892, Louth) known as 'Fowler of Louth',[1] is best known as a Victorian English church architect and associated with the restoration and renovation of churches. However, he was also the architect of a wide variety of other buildings. A listing of his work compiled in 1991 traced over 210 buildings that he designed or restored. He is known to be the architect for 24 new churches and his work also included 40 vicarages or rectories, 13 schools, four almshouses, a Savings Bank, a Convalescent home and hospital as well as country houses and estate housing. Most of Fowler’s work was in Lincolnshire and particularly around Louth, but it also included work in the East Riding of Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire, Suffolk, London, Sussex and even Devon.[2]

Career and architectural practice

Fowler was born in Lichfield. He was a pupil of Lichfield architect Joseph Potter junior.[3] He was elected FRIBA in 1864. Amongst his pupils was Ernest William Farebrother, an architect who worked in Grimsby.[4] He was a Surveyor for the Diocese of Lincoln between 1871 and 1886, and was for five terms the mayor of Louth.[5] The Grimsby architect John James Cresswell worked as an articled assistant and then principal assistant to Fowler between 1877-84.[6]

Works

Domestic buildings

Houses

Riversmead, Louth by Fowler 1862
Lorne House, Queen Street (geograph 4699394)
  • Dalby – Dalby Hall (1856)[7]
  • Louth. Riversmead. 1862. An example of a town house by Fowler. Contrasting polychrome brickwork with banding and decorative voussiors. Typical gothic arched entrance.
  • Market Rasen – Grammar School, Headmaster's House (1863)[8]
  • Langton-by-Partney – Langton Hall (1869)[9]
  • Stamford – Browne's Hospital (1870)[10]
  • Stamford – Warden's House (ca. 1870)[11]
  • Trinity Estates, West Retford. In the 1870s Fowler laid out housing for the Trinity Hospital in Reford. An example of his designs is Lorne House, Queen Street.

Rectories and Vicarages

Almshouses

Bedehouses, Louth
Holy Trinity Hospital, West Retford,1872. (geograph 5306266)
  • Louth – Orme Almshouses (1885)[25]
  • Louth, Bedehouses Gospelgate. Almshouses on Gospelgate, founded in 1551 and sometimes referred to as King Edward VI's Hospital or Our Lady Bede House as the land formerly belonged to the Guild of St.Mary. The current grade II listed neo-Tudor building by James Fowler in 1868-69.
  • Fotherby – Allenby Almshouses (1869)[26]
  • Holy Trinity Hospital, West Retford. In 1832-4 the present Hospital was built to the design of Edward Blore. In 1872, James Fowler (who had earlier worked on West Retford Church) was commissioned to design a new chapel and audit room. This was added to the centre of the building and at the ground floor, reusing the former common room and converting the space into a chapel. He also added the clock tower. The Hospital is Listed Grade II.[27]

Schools

King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth 1868
  • Caistor – Caistor Primary School and School House (1859–60)[28]
  • East Ravendale – School[29]
  • Louth – parts of Edward VI Grammar School (1866)[25]
  • Market Rasen – Grammar School [De Aston School] (1862)[30]

Public buildings

  • Grimsby – Town Hall (1861–63). The Town Hall was constructed to designs by the Bellamy and Hardy of Lincoln and the London architect John Giles. Fowler acted as superintending architect during construction.[31]
  • Horncastle High Street. Corn Exchange by Maugham and Fowler. (1855).[32] Erected in 1856 at a cost of about £3500, was a handsome edifice of brick with stone facings, and included a newsroom, a mechanics' institute with a library, and a hall for assemblies, concerts, and lectures. It was later converted into the Victory Cinema.

Churches

New or completely rebuilt churches - arranged by date of construction.

St.Martin's church, East Ravendale, Lincs.
  • East Ravendale, St. Martin (1857)[33]
  • Winceby, St Margaret, (1860). Now demolished.[34]
  • Wold Newton – All Hallows (1862)[35]
  • Louth, St Michael (1862-3)[36]
  • Frampton, St. Michael. (1863).
  • Ludford, St Mary & St Peter (1863-5)
  • Cleethorpes, St Peter (1864–66)[37]
  • Snitterby, St Nicholas. (1866)
  • Lichfield – St Mary Staffordshire(1868–70)[38]
  • Binbrook, Sts Mary and Gabriel (1869)[39]
  • Hatton, St. Stephen (1870)
    Interior, St Stephens church, Hatton
    According to Pevsner this is one of Fowler’s more satisfying small churches. Red brick with bands of stone.[16]
  • London, Kenley, All Saints (1870–72).
  • Newington St Mary (1886)[40]
  • Temple Bruer St John (1874)[41]
  • Spridlington , St Hilary (1875) The parish church in Spridlington is dedicated to St. Hilary. It was erected in 1875 to replace an earlier church, which was dedicated to St Hilary and St Albinus, so named as there were originally two churches in the village; St Hilary and St Albinus. The present church was built in memory of the Rector, Rev H F Hutton, who was incumbent for thirty-two years.[42]
  • Moorhouses, St Laurence (1875)[43]
  • Alford Cemetery Chapel and curator's lodge (1881) Fowler was architect and Mr. Henry Kidd of Alford the builder, completed October 8, 1881 at a cost of £785. The buildings are joined by a Gothic archway for carriages. The floor is laid with Minton's ornamental tiles, the interior walls are of red brick to the moulded string course, and mixture above, with Gothic panelled arches. There is a bell turret with a bell of 75lb weight.[44][45]

Renovated and Partially Rebuilt Churches

St.Julian's church, Benniworth, Lincs. - geograph.org.uk - 73382
St Mary's church Fotherby - geograph.org.uk - 96899

Devon

London

Nottinghamshire

Wiltshire

Yorkshire

References

  1. ↑ Kaye, David; Scorer, Sam; Fowler of Louth: The Life and Works of James Fowler, Louth Architect, 1828–1892; Louth Naturalists' Antiquarian and Literary Society (1992); ISBN 0-9520117-0-0
  2. ↑ “Kaye and Scorer” (1991), pp. 78-80
  3. ↑ Colvin, H; A Biographical Dictionary of English Architects, 1600–1840; Yale University Press, revised 3rd edition (1995), ISBN 978-0-300-07207-5
  4. ↑ Dictionary of British Architect, pg 631.
  5. ↑ “Kaye and Scorer” (1991), pg.16
  6. ↑ "Kaye and Scorer", 1992, pg 5.
  7. ↑ Historic England. "Dalby Hall (1063662)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  8. ↑ Historic England. "De Aston School, Headmaster's House (1165972)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  9. ↑ "Antram" (1989)
  10. ↑ Historic England. "Number 4 (Brownes Hospital) Chapel and Hall. All other buildings at Browne's Hospital (1062247)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  11. ↑ Historic England. "Warden's House to Browne's Hospital (1062248)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  12. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1083282)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  13. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Vicarage (1214792)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  14. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1346861)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  15. ↑ Historic England. "Stable Block Approximately 10 Metres North East of the Old Rectory (1103719)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  16. 1 2 “Antram” (1989), pg.371
  17. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1310234)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  18. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1181842)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  19. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Vicarage and Coach House/stable Adjoining to Right (1346485)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  20. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Rectory (1359964)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  21. ↑ Historic England. "The Old Vicarage (1346713)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  22. ↑ Historic England. "The Rectory (1204980)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  23. ↑ Historic England. "Old Rectory (1359952)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  24. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 432; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  25. 1 2 Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire pp. 305, 306; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  26. ↑ Historic England. "Allenby Almshouses (1168127)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  27. ↑ Geograph
  28. ↑ Historic England. "Caistor Primary School and School House (1063395)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  29. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 230; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  30. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 313; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  31. ↑ Historic England. "Town Hall (1379888)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  32. ↑ Civil Engineer & Architect's Journal [London], Vol. 18, June 1855, 216
  33. ↑ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1346950)". National Heritage List for England.
  34. ↑ “Antram” (1989), pg.802
  35. ↑ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1161343)". National Heritage List for England.
  36. ↑ "St Michael and All Angels", stmichaels-louth.org.uk, Retrieved 12 August 2011
  37. ↑ Antram (1989), ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  38. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1292270)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  39. ↑ Historic England. "Church of Sts Mary and Gabriel (1063134)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  40. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary, Newington (1385636)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  41. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 694; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  42. ↑ Historic England. "Church of St Hilary (1165996)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  43. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 318; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  44. ↑ "New Cemetery Buildings Opened". The Lincoln, Rutland and Stamford Mercury. 8 October 1881.
  45. ↑ "Alford Burial Board tenders for Cemetery chapel and lodge". Stamford Mercury. 21 January 1881.
  46. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1062077)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  47. ↑ Historic England. "St Julian (1063091)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  48. ↑ Historic England. "St Alkmund (1063375)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  49. ↑ Historic England. "St Cuthbert (1063378)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  50. ↑ Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1370125)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  51. ↑ Historic England. "St Margaret (1359927)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  52. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1359789)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  53. ↑ Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1360309)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  54. ↑ Historic England. "St John the Evangelist (1204608)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  55. ↑ Historic England. "St Nicholas (1165350)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  56. ↑ Historic England. "St Lawrence and Bishop Edward King (1359689)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  57. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1103729)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  58. ↑ Historic England. "St Helen (1063178)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  59. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1063137)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  60. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1147659)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  61. ↑ Historic England. "Holy Trinity (1146771)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  62. ↑ Historic England. "St Radegund (1063350)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  63. ↑ Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1360012)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  64. ↑ Historic England. "Holy Trinity and Holy Mary (1379405)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  65. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 259; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  66. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1147921)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  67. ↑ Historic England. "Holy Trinity (1063670)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  68. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1359727)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  69. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter and St Paul (1103466)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  70. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1360590)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  71. ↑ Historic England. "St Hybald (1083707)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  72. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1161130)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  73. ↑ Historic England. "Saint Margaret (1346952)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  74. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1253206)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  75. ↑ Historic England. "St Helen (1062072)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  76. ↑ Historic England. "St James (1063264)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  77. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1063122)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  78. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary and St Peter (1307123)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  79. ↑ Historic England. "Church of St Cuthlac (1165217)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  80. ↑ "Antram", (1989), pg 552-3
  81. ↑ Historic England. "St Thomas (1165917)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  82. ↑ Historic England. "Michael (1166344)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  83. 1 2 3 "Antram"(1989), pg 552-3
  84. ↑ Historic England. "St John the Baptist (1063424)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  85. ↑ Historic England. "St Michael (1166203)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  86. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1359768)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  87. ↑ Historic England. "St Nicholas (1063126)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  88. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter and St Paul (1359705)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  89. ↑ Historic England. "St German (1063064)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  90. ↑ Historic England. "St James (1168596)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  91. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 345; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  92. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1063060)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  93. ↑ Historic England. "St Hybald (1083718)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  94. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1359515)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  95. ↑ Historic England. "St Clements (1229943)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  96. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 361; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  97. ↑ Historic England. "St Matthew (1230006)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  98. ↑ Historic England. "St Nicholas (1165208)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  99. ↑ Historic England. "St Leonard (1168707)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  100. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; Harris, John; The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire p. 371; Penguin, (1964); revised by Nicholas Antram in 1989, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  101. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1359526)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  102. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1359976)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  103. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1063475)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  104. ↑ Historic England. "St Margaret (1147090)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  105. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1165474)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  106. ↑ Historic England. "St Lawrence (1227786)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  107. ↑ Historic England. "St Peter (1146781)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  108. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1146810)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  109. ↑ Historic England. "St Martin (1359965)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  110. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1161283)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  111. ↑ Historic England. "St Helen (1063629)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  112. ↑ Historic England. "St Faith (1062675)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  113. ↑ ”Antram” p. 432
  114. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1307075)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  115. ↑ Historic England. "Church of St George (1107755)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  116. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1358795)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  117. ↑ Historic England. "Church of St John the Baptist (1370125)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  118. ↑ Historic England. "St Matthew (1045621)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  119. ↑ Historic England. "St Patrick (1248182)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
  120. ↑ Historic England. "St Mary (1023844)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  121. ↑ Historic England. "St Andrew (1083830)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  122. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire: York and the East Riding p. 169; Penguin (1972); reprinted 1975, Pevsner Architectural Guides. ISBN 0-14-071043-4
  123. ↑ Historic England. "St Agatha (1150665)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
  124. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire: York and the East Riding p. 241; Penguin (1972); reprinted 1975, Pevsner Architectural Guides. ISBN 0-14-071043-4
  125. ↑ Pevsner, Nikolaus; The Buildings of England. Yorkshire West Riding, Penguin (1959); reprinted 1967, Pevsner Architectural Guides, pp. 372, 643. ISBN 0300096623
  126. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints, Church Lane (1293654)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  127. ↑ Historic England. "All Saints (1083824)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 12 August 2011.

Further reading

  • Antram N (revised), Pevsner N & Harris J, (1989), The Buildings of England: Lincolnshire, Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09620-8
  • Brodie (Antonia (ed), (2001) Directory of British Architects, 1834–1914: 2 Vols, British Architectural Library, Royal Institute of British Architects, ISBN 0-8264-5513-1
  • Kaye D. and Scorer S. (with Introduction and Gazetteer by David Robinson), Fowler of Louth: The Life and Works of James Fowler, Louth Architect 1828-1892, Louth Museum 1992. ISBN 0-9520117-0-0
  • Jenkins, Simon; England's Thousand Best Churches p. 387; Penguin (2000); ISBN 0-14-029795-2
  • Gurnham, Richard; History of Lincoln p. 177; Phillimore & Co Ltd (2009); ISBN 1-86077-551-9
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