Jal tarang

Jal tarang
Percussion instrument
Other names jaltarang, jal-tarang, jal-yantra, jalatarangam, jalatharangam
Classification

Percussion
Hornbostel–Sachs classification 111.242.11
(Resting bells whose opening faces upward)
Developed before 4th to 6th centuries CE
Musicians

Lt. Pt. Shankar Kanhere, Lt. Pt. Dattopant Mangalvedhekar, Lt. Pt. Ramrao Parsatwaar, Lt. Pt. Master Maharnahar Barve, Milind Tulankar, Seetha Doraiswamy, Vid. Shashikala Dani, Anayampatti S. Ganesan , Kottayam T.S Ajith

The jal tarang (Hindi: जल तरंग, Urdu: جل ترنگ‎, Kannada: ಜಲತರಂಗ, Tamil: ஜலதரங்கம்) is a melodic percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent. It consists of a set of ceramic or metal bowls tuned with water. The bowls are played by striking the edge with beaters, one in each hand.

History

The earliest mention of the jal tarang is found in book 'Vātsyāyana's Kamasutra' as playing on musical glasses filled with water.[1] It is one of the 64 Arts and Science to be studied by a maiden.[1] Jal-tarang also finds mentioned in medieval Sangeet Parijaat text, categories this instrument under Ghan-Vadya (Idiophonic instruments in which sound is produced by striking a surface, also called concussion idiophones.) SangeetSaar considered one with 22 cups to be complete jal tarang and one with 15 cups to be of mediocre status. Cups, of varying sizes are made of either bronze or porcelain. Jal-tarang was also called jal-yantra in the medieval times, poets of Krishna cult (also called Asht-chhap poets) have mentioned this instrument.[2]

In modern times, it has fallen into obscurity. Literally, jal tarang means "waves in water" but indicates motion of sound created or modified with the aid of water. In the wave-instruments, it is the most prominent and ancient instrument. This traditional instrument is used in Indian classical music. Some scholars think that in the ancient period these were in routine use around the eastern border of India.

Details

Today only porcelain bowls are preferred by artists, numbering around sixteen in normal use. Cups for Mandra Swar (notes of lower octave) are large while those for Taar Swar (notes of higher octaves) are smaller in size. Water is poured into the cups and the pitch is changed by adjusting the volume of water in the cup. The number of cups depends on the melody being played. The bowls mostly are arranged in a half-circle in front of the player who can reach them all easily. The player softly hits the cups with a wooden stick on the border to get the sound. It's not easy to tune the instrument it needs some skill. During playing fine nuances can be reached if the performer is accomplished. SangeetSaar mentions that if the player can rotate the water through a quick little touch of the stick, nuances and finer variations of the note can be achieved.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "The Kama Sutra of Vatsyayana", ReadCentral.com.
  2. ↑ Lalmani Misra (1973). Bharatiya Sangeet Vadya. ISBN 81-263-0727-7.
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