Jaime Jaramillo Arango

His Excellency
Jaime Jaramillo Arango
1st Colombia Ambassador to the United Kingdom
In office
1943 – December 9, 1945
Monarch George VI
President Alfonso López Pumarejo
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Clement Attlee
Preceded by Office created
Succeeded by Darío Echandía
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the United Kingdom
In office
September 4, 1940 – 1943
Monarch George VI
President Eduardo Santos (1940-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1943)
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Succeeded by Embassy created
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the League of Nations
In office
1939–1940
President Eduardo Santos
Preceded by Luis Tamayo
Succeeded by Luis Eduardo Nieto Caballero
Permanent Delegate of Colombia to UNESCO
In office
November 1, 1945 – December 9, 1945
President Alfonso López Pumarejo
Preceded by Office created
17th Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Germany
In office
June 1938 – December 1938
President Alfonso López Pumarejo (Jun.-Aug.)
Eduardo Santos (Aug.-Dec.)
Preceded by Rafael Arjona Obregón
Succeeded by Vacant until 1953
Camilo De Brigard Silva
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to Denmark
In office
1938–1945
Monarch Christian X
President Eduardo Santos (1938-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942-1945)
Prime Minister
Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the Governments-in-exile of Belgium, the Netherlands, Norway and Poland, based in London
In office
1940–1945
President Eduardo Santos (1940-1942)
Alfonso López Pumarejo (1942-1945)
6th Minister of National Education of Colombia
In office
May 29, 1934 – August 6, 1934
President Enrique Olaya Herrera
Preceded by Pedro Maria Carreño Mallarino
Succeeded by Carlos Lozano y Lozano
Director of the National University of Colombia
In office
1949–1950
Senator of Colombia
In office
1951–1955
Personal details
Born (1897-01-17)17 January 1897
Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
Died 30 July 1962(1962-07-30) (aged 65)
Bogotá, Colombia
Resting place Central Cemetery of Bogotá
Nationality Colombian
Political party Conservative
Spouse(s)
  • Carolina Cárdenas Núñez
    (m. 1932; s. 1932)
  • María José Nemry
    (m. 1948; d. 1962)
Parents Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo
María de los Dolores Arango Isaza
Relatives Consuelo Salgar (niece)
Virginia Vallejo (niece granddaughter)
Alma mater National University of Colombia
Occupation Professor, politician, author, diplomat
Profession Doctor of medicine

Jaime Jaramillo Arango (January 17, 1897 – July 30, 1962) was a Colombian professor of medicine and surgery, author, diplomat, and politician.[1] He was dean of medicine of the National University and director of the same institution, pioneer of modern medicine, instrumental in the Colombian foreign policy during the mid 20th century, minister of education, and co-founder of the Anglo Colombian School.[2][3]

Professor Jaramillo wrote several books of medicine and botany. The most important was “The British Contribution to Medicine” that described the investigations and discoveries of several Nobel laureates: penicillin, discovered by Alexander Fleming; malaria, studied by Ronald Ross; paludrine, by F. H. Curd, D. G. Davey, and F. L. Rose; vitamins, by Gowland Hopkins; and stilboestrol, by Robert Robinson and Charles Dodds.[4] The foreword of Jaramillo’s book was written by his friend Arthur MacNalty, British Chief Medical Officer of the British government.[5]

Ambassador Jaramillo became the Permanent Delegate of Colombia to the First Assembly of the UNESCO in London, in November 1945, where he proposed the creation of the University of the United Nations.[6]

Family

Jaime Jaramillo Arango was born on January 17 of 1897, in Manizales, Colombia.[1] He was the 6th child of Don Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo and Doña María de los Dolores Arango Isaza.[7]

He had ten siblings:

  • Hernando Jaramillo Arango
  • Margarita Jaramillo Arango
  • Cesar Jaramillo Arango
  • Mercedes Jaramillo Arango
  • Pedro Jose Jaramillo Arango
  • Sofia Jaramillo Arango
  • Ruben Jaramillo Arango
  • Ana Jaramillo Arango
  • Jose Jesus Jaramillo Arango
  • Pablo Jaramillo Arango

The family descended from Don Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade Céspedes y Guzmán, a Spanish nobleman from Extremadura.[7][8] A sister, Sofia Jaramillo Arango, married the finance minister Eduardo Vallejo Varela.[9]

Education

Jaramillo Arango studied first in the St. Thomas Aquinas School in Manizales, and then in the St. Bartholomew Major College in Bogotá. He studied medicine in the National University of Colombia, and surgery in Paris, London, and Rochester, United States.[1][10]

Career

Pioneer of modern medicine

He returned to Colombia, and became the director of surgery of the Hospital San Juan de Dios from 1920 to 1923, and from 1927 to 1931. He was the president and member of the board of directors of the institution in several occasions.[1]

Due to his extensive studies and professional experience, he became a pioneer of the Colombian modern medicine, and the most eminent surgeon of his time. He had his office and surgery and X-ray laboratory near Casa de Nariño, the presidential palace, and he was the primary doctor of three presidents of Colombia and many personalities.[10]

Professor and minister

In the 1930s, he began his career in education: from 1933 to 1934, he was the dean of medicine of the National University of Colombia;[11] and, in 1934, president Enrique Olaya Herrera appointed him as minister of National Education.[3][12][13] In 1933, the Spanish sculptor Ramón Barba Guichard (1892-1964) had made a bust of professor Jaramillo, due to his prominence as educator, scientist, and humanist.[14]

Diplomatic figure

In the 1930s, the Colombian government reorganized its foreign policy. In 1938, the liberal president Alfonso López Pumarejo appointed Jaime Jaramillo Arango as Minister Plenipotentiary of Colombia to the Third Reich (Nazi Germany). That year, he was assigned also as Minister to Denmark.[1]

Witness of the horrors of Kristallnacht

On August 2, 1938, Jaramillo Arango arrived in Berlin with his nephew and personal assistant, Juan Vallejo Jaramillo. The chosen date to present credentials as ambassador to Adolf Hitler was November 15.[15] But, on November 9th, the Nazi paramilitary squadrons began brutally attacking the Jewish population and their stores, known as Kristallnacht – the initiation of the persecution of Jews by the Third Reich.[16] The following day, November 10, Ambassador Jaramillo, his assistant, and Rafael Rocha Schloss (secretary of the embassy) were arrested because they had been taking pictures of the impressive damage in Kurfürstendamm, from the diplomatic automobile. They were taken to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where they were released two hours later. Due to these events, Hitler cancelled the appointment with the Colombian delegation.[15]

On November 12, Ambassador Jaramillo sent a telegram to President Eduardo Santos:

Following Kristallnacht, on November 24, 1938, Jaramillo Arango left Germany and exiled himself, first in France and then in England. The Colombian embassy in Berlin was vacant until 1953.[15]

The official report of Ambassador Jaramillo appeared later in special articles and books about Kristallnacht;[15][18] and the pictures taken by the Colombian diplomats that described the horror of the events on November 9 of 1938, were exposed 75 years later in a commemorative exhibition in the New Synagogue of Berlin, in 2013.[19][20]

Ambassador to the United Kingdom

In 1939, he headed the Colombian delegation to the League of Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, the actual United Nations.[21] Amid the expansion of the Third Reich across Europe, president Eduardo Santos named him as Minister Plenipotentiary to Great Britain, from September 1940 to 1943.[22] Jaime Jaramillo bought the present Colombian Embassy in London, and suffered, too, the Blitz of the German bombing. During World War II, he was appointed also as Minister Plenipotentiary to the Governments in Exile, Poland, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Norway, based in the British capital.[23][24] Thanks to a decree of president Alfonso López Pumarejo, he became the first Colombian ambassador to the United Kingdom, from 1943 to December 19, 1945.[25]

University of the United Nations

In November 1945, Jaramillo was the Colombian delegate to the First Assembly of UNESCO in London, and was elected as vice president.[26][6] He proposed the creation of the University of the United Nations, whose objective would be:

In his speech, Ambassador Jaramillo remembered the physical and spiritual famine in Europe, the teachers killed, and the universities destroyed during the war. He called to other members for a rapid reconstruction and rehabilitation of Europe through of a system of cooperation, because “man is the principal and most valuable element constituting a nation.”[6] With the creation of the University of the United Nations, the Colombian delegate proposed:

The idea proposed by Jaramillo of “exchanging teachers, students and publications” was innovative in those days; but, presently, the transfer and reciprocity of students and academic information between universities and nations is common. During the UNESCO First Assembly, his proposition was received with applause. The Cuban ambassador, Luis Pérez, commented that “the idea of the honorable Colombian colleague is one that, I think, meets the full approval of the Conference”.[6] The project, however, was not studied sufficiently by the delegates, and was later filed.

National University and Anglo Colombian School

After his diplomatic life, Jaramillo Arango returned to his country. From 1949 to 1950, he became the director of the National University[2] and, in the 1950s, he was elected as a senator.[27]

In 1956, due to his deep admiration for the British scientists and educators that had been his teachers and colleagues, professor Jaramillo co-founded the Anglo Colombian School of Bogota, inspired by the British educational system.[28] To this day, it is one of the most prestigious schools of Colombia.[29]

Personal life

In 1931, Jaime Jaramillo Arango was engaged to Carolina Cárdenas Núñez (1903-1936), the "it girl" of the 1930s, and a prominent artist, ceramist and photographer.[30] In her circle she was called “Miss Deco”, because she had introduced art deco to Colombia.[31] Her family descended from two heroes of the War of Independence from Spain, Camilo Torres and Francisco José de Caldas.[32][33] In 1932, Jaramillo and Cárdenas were married in the gothic church of Our Lady of Lourdes in Bogotá; but, two weeks later, they separated to the horror of high society. In 1936, Carolina became extremely ill of meningitis; Jaramillo took care of her with great devotion, but she died one week later.[34]

In 1948, he married María José Nemry, a Belgian citizen, and they didn’t have children.[35] He died on July 30, 1962, at age 65, and is buried in a special pantheon of the Jaramillo Arango family in the Central Cemetery of Bogotá.[31]

Selected works

Professor Jaramillo wrote several books and articles about science, medicine and botany, in Spanish and English:[36]

  • 1948 - A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería Chibcha (About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing)[37]
  • 1949 - Estudio crítico acerca de los hechos básicos de la historia de la quina (A Critical Review of the Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona)[11]
  • 1950 - The Conquest of Malaria[38]
  • 1952 - The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, a Spanish botanist in Peru and Chile, 1777-1788. Transcribed to Spanish from the original manuscripts by Jaime Jaramillo Arango, and translated to English by Richard Evans Schultes and María José Nemry[39]
  • 1953 - The British Contribution to Medicine. Foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty[5]
  • 1953 - Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo (Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World)[40]
  • 1961 - Manual del árbol (The Tree Manual)

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Schultes, Richard (March 1963). "Jaime Jaramillo Arango, 1987 - 1962". "Taxon", vol. 12, no. 2, 1963, pp. 41–43. International Association for Plant Taxonomy (IAPT). JSTOR 1216206.
  2. 1 2 Torres Sánchez, Jaime; Salazar Hurtado, Luz Amanda (2002). Introducción a la historia de la Ingeniería y la Educación en Colombia [Introduction to the History of the Colombian Education and Engineering] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. p. 438. ISBN 958-701-160-0.
  3. 1 2 Ortíz, Álvaro (2006). Historia de la facultad de filosofía, Universidad del Rosario [History about of the Faculty of Philosophy, University of the Rosary] (in Spanish). Bogotá: Universidad del Rosario. p. 82. ISBN 978-958-8298-32-0.
  4. ↑ Hubble, D. V. (January 23, 1954). "British Medical Journal, reviews" (PDF). British Medical Journal. Page 199. London: BMJ. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  5. 1 2 "The British contribution to medicine by Jaime Jaramillo-Arango and foreword by Sir Arthur MacNalty. 1953". Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (November 2, 1945). "The University of the United Nations" (PDF). Conference for the Establishment of The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Speech of the first delegate of Colombia in Third Plenary Meeting. London: UNESCO. pp. 30–70.
  7. 1 2 "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo" [Genealogy and family of Francisco Jaramillo Jaramillo] (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  8. ↑ "Genealogy of Alonso Jaramillo de Andrade". Geneall. Retrieved 2017-09-04.
  9. ↑ "Genealogy of Sofía Jaramillo Arango". Geneall. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
  10. 1 2 "Medical Classifieds" [Clasificados médicos]. EL Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá. June 16, 1933. Retrieved 2017-11-02.
  11. 1 2 Jaramillo Arango, Jaime (December 11, 1947). Basic Facts in the History of Cinchona (PDF). p. 272.
  12. ↑ "Diario oficial, decreto N° 1598 de 1934" [National Gazette, decree N° 1598, 1934] (PDF). Diario oficial de Colombia (in Spanish). 22664. August 21, 1934. Retrieved 2017-10-27.
  13. ↑ Niño, Germán (6 January 2016). "Presidentes Olaya, López y Santos" [Colombian presidents Olaya, López y Santos] (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  14. ↑ "Obras de Ramón Barba Guichard" [Works of the artis Ramón Barba Guichard] (in Spanish). 2016. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 4 Simon, Hermman (November 7, 1998). "Neue Quellen Zum Novemberpogrom In Berlin" [New Sources for Kristallnacht in Berlin] (PDF). Via Regia (in German). Berlin. pp. 5–9. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  16. ↑ "Kristallnacht, a nationwide pogrom". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  17. ↑ Hermman, Simon (2009). Jews in Nazi Berlin, chapter 1, 1938 The Year of Fate (PDF). Chicago: University of Chicago. p. 13. ISBN 978-0226521572.
  18. ↑ Kreutzmüller, Christoph; Simon, Hermman; Weber, Elisabeth (June 1, 2013). Ein Pogrom im Juni (in German). Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich. ISBN 978-3955650131.
  19. ↑ Muñoz, José Vicente (November 17, 2013). "La Noche de los cristales rotos" [Kristallnacht]. La Patria (in Spanish). Manizales. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  20. ↑ "La noche de los cristales rotos por diplomáticos colombianos" [Images of Kristallnacht by Colombian diplomats]. El Heraldo (in Spanish). Barranquilla. November 17, 2013. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  21. ↑ "Permanent Mission of Colombia to United Nations in Geneva". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  22. ↑ Epstein, Ph.D., M. (1942). The Statesman's Year-Book 1942. London. p. 804. ISBN 978-0-230-27071-8.
  23. ↑ Winston, George. "Governments-in-exile and royalty relocated to London during World War Two". www.warhistoryonline.com. War History Online. Retrieved April 14, 2018.
  24. ↑ Conway, Martin; Gotovitch, José (2001). "European Exile Communities in Britain 1940-45". Europe in Exile. Berghahn Books. JSTOR j.ctt1btbxtx.
  25. ↑ "Buckingham Palace, December 19, 1945" (PDF). The London Gazette. London. December 21, 1945. Retrieved 2017-10-26.
  26. ↑ Beigel, Fernanda (2013). The Politics of Academic Autonomy in Latin America. Ashgate Publishing. p. 49. ISBN 9781409431862.
  27. ↑ "Perfil de Jaime Jaramillo Arango" [Profile of Jaime Jaramillo] (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 October 2017.
  28. ↑ "Anglo Colombian School". Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  29. ↑ "List of the best private schools in Bogotá". Retrieved April 13, 2018.
  30. ↑ Arias, Andrés (2013-10-01). "La gran protagonista del Art Decó en Colombia" [The great protagonist of Art Decó in Colombia] (PDF). El Malpensante (in Spanish). Bogotá: Casa Malpensante. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  31. 1 2 Arias, Andrés (2013-10-01). "Miss Decó, álbum fotográfico de Carolina Cárdenas Núñez" [Miss Decó, photo album of Carolina Cárdenas Núñez]. El Malpensante (in Spanish). Bogotá. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de la familia Cárdenas" [Genealogy of the family Cárdenas] (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  33. ↑ "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de la familia Torres De Caldas" [Genealogy of the family Torres-De Caldas] (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  34. ↑ Arango Restrepo, Clemencia (1998-12-01). "Perfil de Carolina Cárdenas Núñez" [Profile of Carolina Cárdenas Núñez]. Credencial (in Spanish). Bogotá: Credencial. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Genealogías de Colombia: Árbol genealógico de Jaime Jaramillo Arango" [Genealogy and marriages of Jaime Jaramillo Arango] (in Spanish). Retrieved 25 October 2017.
  36. ↑ "Works of Jaime Jaramillo Arango". Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  37. ↑ Jaramillo, Jaime (2012-05-12). "A propósito de algunas piezas inéditas de orfebrería chibcha" [About Some Unpublished Pieces of Chibcha Goldsmithing]. Revista del Instituto Etnológico Nacional (in Spanish). Bogotá: Instituto Colombiano de Antropología e Historia. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  38. ↑ "Princeton University Library: The Conquest of Malaria". Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  39. ↑ "Cambridge University press: The Journals of Hipólito Ruiz, Spanish Botanist in Peru and Chile 1777–1788". Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  40. ↑ Jaramillo, Jaime (1953). Don José Celestino Mutis y las expediciones botánicas españolas del siglo XVIII al Nuevo Mundo [Don José Celestino Mutis and the Spanish Botanists Expeditions from the 18th Century to the New World] (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Retrieved April 12, 2018.
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