Khirbet Ibziq

Khirbet Ibziq[1] is the name of a village[2] with two ruins in the West Bank, separated by one kilometer and referred to in the Manasseh Hill Country Survey as Khirbet Ibziq (Lower, al-Tahta) and Khirbet Ibziq (Upper, al-Fauqa). They are about twenty kilometers northeast of Shechem.[3] The "Lower" site is to the northeast of the "Upper" site.[4]

History

Most scholars consider Khirbet Ibzik to have been the location of the biblical Bezek (also, Bezec) mentioned in 1 Samuel 11,[3][5][6][7] although on the basis of archaeological evidence an alternate location for Bezek at Salhab has been proposed.[3][8] Most scholars also think that the "Bezek" of 1 Samuel 11 is the same location as the "Bezek" of Judges 1, although others propose that the two refer to different locations.[3]

The Lower site contains pottery from the Byzantine and Early Islamic Periods, and in the Byzantine period appears to have been coterminous with the Upper site.[9] The Upper site, sometimes referred to simply as Khirbet Ibzik, contains a variety of pottery fragments extending from the Iron Age to the medieval period,[10] including the Byzantine era.[11]

In addition to the variation between Ibziq, Ibzik, and Ebziq[2] the term Khirbet or khirbat is an Arabic term for a ruin, and is sometimes abbreviated "Kh.", spelled "hirbet" or "Khǔrbet," or left out altogether. The form Tell Ibziq also occurs.[12]

Ottoman era

In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine noted about Khǔrbet Ibzik that it was "evidently an ancient site, with traces of ruins, cisterns and caves, . . . There is a kubbeh in the ruins sacred to Sheikh Hazkin."[13]

References

  1. ↑ Kh. Ibzîk, the ruin of Ibzîk, p.n., according to Palmer, 1881, p. 201
  2. 1 2 Kh Ebziq (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem (ARIJ)
  3. 1 2 3 4 Freedman and Myers, 2000, p. 177
  4. ↑ Zertal, 2007, p. 191
  5. ↑ Conder, 1876, p. 69
  6. ↑ Conder, 1881, p. 44
  7. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 231
  8. ↑ Zertal, 2007, pp. 105, 197
  9. ↑ Zertal, 2007, p. 192
  10. ↑ Zertal, 2007, p. 196
  11. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 791
  12. ↑ Sasson, 2014, p. 130
  13. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 237

Bibliography

  • Conder, C.R. (1876). "Proposed Tests for the Survey". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 8: 66–73.
  • Conder, C.R. (1881). "Biblical Gains (Bezek)". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 13: 44.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Freedman, D.N.; Myers, Allen C. (31 December 2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-5356-503-2.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Sasson, J.M. (20 May 2014). Judges 1-12: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-19033-5.
  • Zertal, A. (2007). The Manasseh Hill Country Survey. 2. Boston: BRILL. ISBN 9004163697.
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