Human endogenous retrovirus K

Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) or Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus (HDTV) is a family of human endogenous retroviruses associated with malignant tumors of the testes.[1][2][3][4] HERV-K is also found in apes and Old World monkeys.

In 1999 Barbulescu, et al. showed that, of ten HERV-K proviruses cloned, eight were unique to humans, while one was shared with chimpanzees and bonobos, and one with chimpanzees, bonobos and gorillas.[5]

In 2015 Grow et al. demonstrated that HERV-K is transcribed during embryogenesis from the eight cell stage up to the stem cell derivation.[6] Furthermore, overexpression of the HERV-K accessory protein Rec increases IFITM1 levels on the cell surface and inhibits viral infection.[6][7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Boeke JD, Stoye JP (1997). JM Coffin; SH Hughes; HE Varmus, eds. Retrotransposons, endogenous retroviruses, and the evolution of retroelements. Retroviruses. Cold Spring Harbor, New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. pp. 343–435.
  2. ↑ Boller, Klaus; König, Herbert; Sauter, Marlies; Mueller-Lantzsch, Nikolaus; Löwer, Roswitha; Löwer, Johannes; Kurth, Reinhard (September 1993). "Evidence That HERV-K Is the Endogenous Retrovirus Sequence That Codes for the Human Teratocarcinoma-Derived Retrovirus HTDV". Virology. 196 (1): 349–353. doi:10.1006/viro.1993.1487. PMID 8356806.
  3. ↑ Löwer, J; Wondrak, EM; Kurth, R (November 1987). "Genome analysis and reverse transcriptase activity of human teratocarcinoma-derived retroviruses". The Journal of General Virology. 68 (11): 2807–15. doi:10.1099/0022-1317-68-11-2807. PMID 2445905.
  4. ↑ Rédei, George P. (2008). Encyclopedia of genetics, genomics, proteomics, and informatics (3rd ed.). Springer. ISBN 978-1-4020-6754-9.
  5. ↑ Madalina Barbulescu; Geoffrey Turner; Michael I. Seaman†; Amos S. Deinard‡§; Kenneth K. Kidd; Jack Lenz (1999). "Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans" (PDF). Current Biology. 9: 861–8. doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80390-x. PMID 10469592. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 February 2013.
  6. 1 2 Edward J. Grow; Ryan A. Flynn; Shawn L. Chavez; Nicholas L. Bayless; Mark Wossidlo; Daniel J. Wesche; Lance Martin; Carol B. Ware; Catherine A. Blish; Howard Y. Chang; Renee A. Reijo Pera; Joanna Wysocka (11 June 2015). "Intrinsic retroviral reactivation in human preimplantation embryos and pluripotent cells". Nature. 522: 221–5. doi:10.1038/nature14308. PMC 4503379. PMID 25896322.
  7. ↑ Hanke K, Hohn O, Bannert N (January–February 2016). "HERV-K(HML-2), a seemingly silent subtenant – but still waters run deep". APMIS. 124 (1–2): 67–87. doi:10.1111/apm.12475. PMID 26818263.

For Further Info

  • Andy Coghlan (20 April 2015). "Virus hiding in our genome protects early human embryos". New Scientist.
  • Emanuela Balestrieri; Carla Arpino; Claudia Matteucci; Roberta Sorrentino; Francesca Pica; Riccardo Alessandrelli; Antonella Coniglio; Paolo Curatolo; Giovanni Rezza; Fabio Macciardi; Enrico Garaci; Simona Gaudi; Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona (14 November 2012). "HERVs Expression in Autism Spectrum Disorders". PLOS ONE. 7: e48831. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048831. PMC 3498248. PMID 23155411.


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