Horace de Vere Cole

Horace de Vere Cole in 1910

William Horace de Vere Cole (5 May 1881 – 25 February 1936) was an eccentric prankster and poet born in Ballincollig, County Cork, Ireland.

Family background and early life

Cole was the son of British Army officer William Utting Cole, a major in the 3rd Dragoon Guards who died of cholera in India when his son was a child.[1] His mother, Mary de Vere, was niece and heiress of Sir Stephen and Lady de Vere.[2] Cole was a great-nephew of the Anglo-Irish poet Aubrey de Vere. Horace's paternal grandfather had made his fortune dealing in quinine, while his mother's family claimed kinship with the Earls of Oxford and the right to the position of Lord Great Chamberlain of England.[1] A bout of diphtheria at the age of ten seriously affected his hearing for the remainder of his life. [3]

During the Second Boer War, Cole was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Yorkshire Hussars, rising quickly to the rank of acting captain. He was wounded by a dumdum bullet on 2 July 1900 and recuperated from shrapnel wounds at the Red Cross hospital in Kroonstad until September that year. He was subsequently invalided out of the army, donating the £1800 he received from cashing in his disability pension to the fund for war widows and orphans.[4]

On his return to England he went up to Trinity College, Cambridge in 1902, although he did not complete his degree.[5]

When his paternal grandmother, Jane, died in 1906 Cole inherited, inter alia, West Woodhay House in the parish of West Woodhay in southern Berkshire. He was unable to afford the upkeep and in 1912 sold the property to his uncle, Alfred Clayton Cole, who would later become Governor of the Bank of England.[6][7]

Pranks

The Dreadnought Hoaxers in Abyssinian regalia; from left, Virginia Stephen (later Virginia Woolf, seated), Duncan Grant, Horace, Adrian Stephen, Anthony Buxton (seated), Guy Ridley.

Cole's best-known trick was the Dreadnought hoax on 7 February 1910 when he fooled the captain of the Royal Navy warship HMS Dreadnought into taking him and a group of his friends, including Virginia Woolf, for an official Abyssinian delegation.

As an undergraduate at Cambridge, Cole posed as the Uncle of the Sultan of Zanzibar—who was visiting London at the time—to make an official visit to his own college accompanied by his friend Adrian Stephen (the brother of Virginia Woolf).

With his mane of hair and bristling moustache, Cole was often confused with prime minister Ramsay MacDonald, causing dismay in public when he launched into a fierce attack on Labour Party policy. His sister Annie married future Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, who when asked by Annie what he thought of Cole, replied "I was obliged to say what I did think, but fortunately it appeared that was her opinion too and she was not all inclined to be proud of her brother's exploit. It appears that he is 28. I think he must be a little mad."[8]

Following the Sultan of Zanzibar prank, Cole executed a series of bold jokes and escapades principally aimed at deflating pompous figures of authority. His targets included members of parliament, city businessmen and naval officers. On one occasion he directed a group of like-minded friends dressed as workmen as they dug a trench across Piccadilly. On another, Cole dared an old schoolfriend from Eton, the newly elected Member of Parliament for Ramsey in Huntingdonshire, Oliver Locker-Lampson, to dash before him on a London street to the nearest corner with a 10-yard head start—having already slipped his gold watch into the MP's pocket. As soon as Locker-Lampson began to pull ahead, Cole yelled "Stop thief!" and a policeman promptly detained Locker-Lampson. Cole then explained that it was all a joke and both men were told to proceed on their way quietly. Unfortunately, Cole then began waving his stick around in a dangerous manner as though conducting an imaginary band and both men were then arrested and taken into custody. While no charge was brought against Locker-Lampson, Cole was found guilty of a breach of the peace and fined £5.

According to legend, Cole once hosted a party at which the guests discovered that they all had the word "bottom" in their surnames.[9] According to another story he bought tickets for particular seats at a theatrical performance considered pretentious and distributed them to eight bald men whose heads, painted with a single letter, spelled out the word "B-O-L-L-O-C-K-S" (another source claims it was four men's heads making the word S-H-I-T),[10] which was legible from the circle and boxes above.[11][12]

On occasion, Cole would wander the streets with a cow's udder poking through the fly of his trousers; once he judged he had caused optimum outrage he would cut off the offending protrusion with a pair of scissors.[13]

On honeymoon with his first wife in Italy, on April Fools' Day 1919, Cole dropped horse manure onto Venice's Piazza San Marco—a city with no horses that could be reached only by boat.[14]

Cole has also been suspected of the Piltdown Man hoax.[12]

Personal life

In 1918 Cole fell in love with the eighteen-year-old Irish heiress Denise Lynch. Owing to the fortune she stood to inherit, she was a ward of the Irish Chancery and prevented from marrying until the age of 21. Lynch was eventually released from the wardship and married Cole on 30 September 1918 in Dublin.[15] She subsequently gave birth to a daughter, Valerie,[16] but the marriage failed in 1928 and he went into voluntary exile in France, after losing all his money in Canadian land speculation. In 1931 he married a former scullery maid and waitress at the Veeraswamy Indian restaurant, Mabel Winifred Mary Wright (later Mavis Wheeler, 1908-1970) who gave birth to a son, Tristan, in 1935, who was actually the son of the artist Augustus John.

Cole died of a heart attack in Honfleur, France the following year and was buried at West Woodhay.

Mabel later married archaeologist Sir Mortimer Wheeler, who afterwards divorced her on the grounds of her adultery with Lord Vivian.[2]

See also

References and sources

References
  1. 1 2 Downer 2011, p. 9.
  2. 1 2 Grumley-Grennan, Tony (2010). Tales of English Eccentrics. pp. 119–121. ISBN 978-0-9538922-4-2.
  3. ↑ Downer 2011, p. 22.
  4. ↑ Downer 2011, pp. 34–37.
  5. ↑ Stansky, Peter (1997). On Or about December 1910: Early Bloomsbury and Its Intimate World. Harvard University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-674-63606-4.
  6. ↑ "Parishes; West Woodhay". British History Online. Retrieved 9 January 2018.
  7. ↑ Downer 2011, pp. 68–69.
  8. ↑ Dilks, David (2002). Neville Chamberlain. Cambridge University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-521-89401-2.
  9. ↑ Ash, Russell (2007). Morecock, Fartwell, & Hoare: A Collection of Unfortunate But True Names. London: Headline. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-312-54535-2.
  10. ↑ Downer 2011, p. 184.
  11. ↑ Le Vay, Benedict (2011). Ben Le Vay's Eccentric Cambridge. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-84162-427-3.
  12. 1 2 Davis, Wes (1 April 2006). "A Fool There Was". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  13. ↑ Hardman, Robert (23 November 2008). "King of the pranksters – the uproarious story of the Prime Minister's brother-in-law". Daily Mail. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  14. ↑ Le Vay, Benedict (2011). Ben Le Vay's Eccentric Cambridge. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 74. ISBN 978-1-84162-427-3.
  15. ↑ Downer 2011, pp. 200–202.
  16. ↑ Downer 2011, p. 204.
Sources
  • Downer, Martyn (2011). The Sultan of Zanzibar: The Bizarre World and Spectacular Hoaxes of Horace De Vere Cole. London: Black Spring Press. ISBN 9780948238468.
  • Davenport-Hines, Richard. "Cole, (William) Horace De Vere". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/61609. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.