| Haplogroup Haplogroup S (M254) |
|---|
| Ancestor |
K2b1 |
|---|
| Descendants |
S1 (B255); S2 P378 |
|---|
| Defining mutations |
B254, Z33355 |
|---|
Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355.[1] Until 2016, it was known as Haplogroup S1.
S-M254 is the most common haplogroup among males in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. It is also relatively common in other parts of Oceania, South East Asia and among indigenous Australians.
In a major correction to the phylogenetic tree during 2016, Haplogroup S-M230 was "demoted" from the position of basal clade S*, becoming S1a1b, while S-B254 was "promoted" in its place to the level of S*.
It has two primary subclades: S1 (B255) and S2 (P378).[1] The existence of a third subclade, defined by the SNP, P336 has not been confirmed.
| Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2] |
|---|
|
|
"Y-chromosomal Adam" |
|
A00 |
A0-T [χ 3] |
|
A0 |
A1 [χ 4] |
|
A1a |
A1b |
|
A1b1 |
BT |
|
B |
CT |
|
DE |
CF |
|
D |
E |
|
C |
F |
|
F1 |
F2 |
F3 |
GHIJK |
|
G |
HIJK |
|
IJK |
H |
|
IJ |
K |
|
I |
J |
|
LT [χ 5] |
K2 [χ 6] |
|
L |
T |
|
K2a [χ 7] |
K2b [χ 8] |
K2c |
K2d |
K2e [χ 9] |
|
K-M2313 [χ 10] |
|
K2b1 [χ 11] |
P [χ 12] |
|
NO |
|
S [χ 13] |
M [χ 14] |
|
P1 |
P2 |
|
N |
O |
|
|
Q |
R |
|
| Footnotes |
- ↑ Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
- ↑ International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
- ↑ Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
- ↑ Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
- ↑ Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
- ↑ Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
- ↑ Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036.
In the past, other haplogroups, including NO (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a".
- ↑ Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
- ↑ Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).
- ↑ K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
- ↑ Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
- ↑ Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
- ↑ Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
- ↑ Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)
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