Greater mouse-eared bat

Greater mouse-eared bat
Scientific classification
Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Chiroptera
Family:Vespertilionidae
Genus:Myotis
Species: M. myotis
Binomial name
Myotis myotis
Borkhausen, 1797
Distribution

The greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) is a European species of bat in the family Vespertilionidae.

Description

It is relatively large for a member of the genus Myotis, weighing up to 45 grams (1.6 oz) (a little larger than a house mouse, Mus musculus), making it one of the largest European bats.[2]

Distribution

The greater mouse-eared bat can be found in the following countries: Albania, Andorra, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, and possibly the United Kingdom.

During the 20th century this species was known as a very rare one in Great Britain, occurring only in southern England. However, the bats at the only known hibernation roost declined until only a few males were left, and when these disappeared the species was believed extinct.[3] However, in recent years occasional individuals have been discovered, suggesting either that a colony survives, or that further animals have colonised from mainland Europe.[4]

In 2012, a LIFE-Nature project was initiated, aiming to protect the several thousands of greater mouse-eared bat in the Gola della Rossa and Frasassi Nature Park in the Marches.

Behaviour

Like its relatives it eats various arthropods; however, unlike many bats it does not capture prey by echolocation in flight but instead gleans it from the ground, locating the prey passively – listening for the noises produced by creatures such as carabid beetles, centipedes and spiders.[5] Thus, it uses echolocation only for spatial orientation, even if it emits ultrasound calls when approaching prey.[6]

In summer, nursery roosts in northern Europe are located almost exclusively in large attics of buildings (e.g. churches), while in southern Europe they are located in caves. Also solitary males can roost there, although in some countries (Germany, western Poland) there are regular cases of roosting in bird and bat boxes. Greater mouse-eared bats spend winter exclusively in underground roosts, like caves, mines, forts, tunnels and large cellars.

The frequencies used by this bat species for echolocation lie between 22 and 86 kHz, have most energy at 37 kHz and have an average duration of 6.0 ms.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Coroiu, I.; Juste, J. & Paunović, M. (2016). "Myotis myotis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2016: e.T14133A22051759. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T14133A22051759.en. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  2. ↑ Van den Brink, F H, A Field Guide to Mammals of Britain and Europe, Collins 1967, ISBN 0-00-212093-3
  3. ↑ Species Action Plan: Greater Mouse-eared Bat (Myotis myotis)
  4. ↑ BBC Inside Out: The Search for the Greater Mouse-eared Bat
  5. ↑ Siemers, B.M., and Güttinger, R. (2006) 'Prey conspicuousness can explain apparent prey selectivity.' Current Biology., 16 (5): R157-R159.
  6. ↑ Russo, D., Jones, G. and Arlettaz, R. (2007) 'Echolocation and passive listening by foraging mouse-eared bats Myotis myotis and M. blythii.' The Journal of Experimental Biology., 210: 166-176.
  7. ↑ Obrist, M.K., Boesch, R. and Flückiger, P.F. (2004) 'Variability in echolocation call design of 26 Swiss bat species: Consequences, limits and options for automated field identification with a synergic pattern recognition approach.' Mammalia., 68 (4): 307-32.
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