Gongylonema

Gongylonema
Head of male Gongylonema pulchrum, from human infection;[1] note characteristic bosses
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Spirurida
Superfamily: Spiruroidea
Family: Gongylonematidae
Hall, 1916
Genus: Gongylonema
Molin, 1857
Synonyms
  • Gongylomene Vaullegeard., 1901
  • Gongylonemoides Lent & Freitas, 1937
  • Misonunus Petrov, 1910
  • Myzomimus Stiles, 1892
  • Progongylonema Hernandez-Rodriguez & Gutierrez-Palomino 1993

Gongylonema is a genus of thread-like nematode that was described by Molin in 1857. It is the only currently valid genus in the family Gongylonematidae, though the mysterious Spiruroides – usually placed in the Subuluridae, which are not closely related to Gongylonema among the Spiruria – might actually belong here. They are parasites of birds and mammals, transmitted by insects (especially beetles).[2] Some 38 species are known, about 12 of which have been recorded in Europe.[3][4]

Several species are significant parasites of domestic animals, causing gongylonemiasis. Human infection by these nematodes is very rare: since its discovery fewer than 100 people have been reported to be infected with these parasites,[5] always with the species G. pulchrum.[1][6]

Species

  • Gongylonema aegypti Ashour & Lewis, 1986
  • Gongylonema aequispicularis Kadenazii, 1957
  • Gongylonema alecturae Johnston & Mawson, 1942
  • Gongylonema baylisi Freitas & Lent, 1937
  • Gongylonema beveridgei Mawson, 1971
  • Gongylonema brevispiculum Seurat, 1914 [7]
  • Gongylonema caucasica Kurashvili, 1941
  • Gongylonema confusum Sonsino, 1896
  • Gongylonema congolense Fain, 1955
  • Gongylonema dipodomysi Kruidenier & Peebles, 1958
  • Gongylonema dupuisi Quentin, 1965
  • Gongylonema fotedari Gupta & Trivedi, 1986
  • Gongylonema graberi Barre, 1980
  • Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom, 1904
  • Gongylonema longispiculum Schulz, 1927
  • Gongylonema macrogubernaculum Lubimov, 1931
  • Gongylonema madeleinensis Diouf, Bâ, Marchand & Vassiliadès, 1997
  • Gongylonema marsupialis Vaz & Pereira, 1934
  • Gongylonema mesasiatica Sultanov, 1961
  • Gongylonema metopidiusi Gupta & Kumar, 1977
  • Gongylonema mexicanum Caballero & Zerecero, 1944
  • Gongylonema minimum Molin, 1857
  • Gongylonema monnigi
  • Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916
  • Gongylonema musculi Rudolphi, 1819
  • Gongylonema neoplasticum Fibiger & Ditlevsen, 1914
  • Gongylonema pacoi Hernandez & Gutierrez, 1992 [8]
  • Gongylonema pithyusensis Mas-Coma, 1977 [9]
  • Gongylonema problematicum Schulz, 1924
  • Gongylonema pulchrum Molin, 1857
  • Gongylonema rodhaini Fain, 1948
  • Gongylonema saimirisi Artigas, 1933
  • Gongylonema soricis Fain, 1955
  • Gongylonema spalacis Schulz, 1927
  • Gongylonema verrucosum Giles, 1892

References

  1. 1 2 Pesson, B.; Hersant, C.; Biehler, JF.; Abou-Bacar, A.; Brunet, J.; Pfaff, AW.; Ferté, H.; Candolfi, E. (2013). "First case of human gongylonemosis in France". Parasite. 20: 5. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013007. PMC 3718519. PMID 23425508.
  2. ↑ Quentin, J.-C.; Seguignes, M. (1979). "Cycle biologique de Gongylonema mucronatum Seurat, 1916 parasite du Hérisson d'Afrique du Nord". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 54 (6): 637–644. doi:10.1051/parasite/1979546637.
  3. ↑ David Gibson (April 19, 2007). "Gongylonema". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  4. ↑ Joel Hallan, ed. (August 7, 2007). "Family Gongylonematidae". Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  5. ↑ Haruki, K., Furuya, H., Saito, S., Kamiya, S. & Kagei, N. 2005: Gongylonema infection in man: A first case of gongylonemosis in Japan. Helminthologia, 42, 63-66. Free PDF
  6. ↑ "Gongylonema". Biology Online. October 3, 2005. Retrieved November 4, 2008.
  7. ↑ Quentin, J.-C.; Seureau, C. (1978). "Identification et biologie du Gongylonème parasite du Macroscélide en Tunisie". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 53 (6): 631–640. doi:10.1051/parasite/1978536631.
  8. ↑ Hernandez-Rodriguez, S.; Gutiérrez-Palomino, P. N. (1992). "Gongylonema (Progongylonema) pacoi n. subgen. n. sp. (Spiruroidea : Gongylonematidae) parasite d'oiseaux Corvidae". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 67 (6): 188–193. doi:10.1051/parasite/1992676188. ISSN 0003-4150.
  9. ↑ Mas-Coma, S. (1977). "Gongylonema pithyusensis n. sp. (Nematoda : Spiruridae), parasite œsophagien du Lérot Eliomys quercinus ophiusae Thomas, 1925 (Rodentia : Gliridae) à Formentera (Baléares)". Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée. 52 (1): 13–18. doi:10.1051/parasite/1977521013.


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