Gliese 710

Gliese 710
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Serpens
Right ascension 18h 19m 50.8412s[1]
Declination –01° 56′ 19.003″[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 9.69[2] (9.65–9.69)[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type K7 Vk[4]
U−B color index +1.23[2]
B−V color index +1.36[2]
Variable type Suspected[3]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv) –14.525 ± 0.435 km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: -0.460 ± 0.084[5] mas/yr
Dec.: -0.028 ± 0.074[5] mas/yr
Parallax (π)52.519 ± 0.048[1] mas
Distance62.10 ± 0.06 ly
(19.04 ± 0.02 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)8.20[6] (8.19-8.23)[note 1]
Details
Mass0.6[7] M☉
Radius0.67[8] R☉
Luminosity (visual, LV)0.044[note 2] L☉
Temperature4,250[7] K
Rotational velocity (v sin i)6.42 ± 0.78[9] km/s
Other designations
Gliese 710, BD–01° 3474, HIP 89825, HD 168442, NSV 10635[2]
Database references
SIMBADdata
ARICNSdata

Gliese 710 or HIP 89825 is an orange 0.6 M☉ star in the constellation Serpens Cauda. It is projected with a reasonable probability to have a close encounter with the Sun within the next 15 million years. The predicted minimum distance is 1.281 million years from now, possibly approaching as close as 0.0676 parsecs, 0.221 light years or about 13,300 AU:[10] being about 20 times closer than the current distance of Proxima Centauri. It will then reach a similar brightness to the brightest planets, perhaps reaching an apparent visual magnitude of about −2.7 (brighter than Mars at opposition). Maximum total proper motion will peak around one arc minute per year, [11][12] whose apparent motion will be able to be noticed over a human lifespan.

Gliese 710 currently is 63.8 light-years (19.6 parsecs) from Earth in the constellation Serpens and has a below naked-eye visual magnitude of 9.69. Stellar classification of K7 Vk,[4] means it is a small main sequence star mostly generating energy through the thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen at its core. (The suffix 'k' indicates that the spectrum shows absorption lines from interstellar matter.) Stellar mass is about 60%[7] of the Sun's mass with an estimated 67% of the Sun's radius.[8] It is suspected to be a variable star that may vary in magnitude from 9.65–9.69. As of 2017, no planets have been detected orbiting this star.

Computing and details of the closest approach

Gliese 710 has the potential to perturb the hypothetical Oort cloud in the outer Solar System, exerting enough force to send showers of comets into the inner Solar System for millions of years, triggering visibility of about ten naked-eye comets per year,[12] and possibly causing an impact event. According to Filip Berski and Piotr Dybczyński, this event will be "the strongest disrupting encounter in the future and history of the solar system".[13] Earlier dynamic models indicated that the net increase in cratering rate due to the passage of Gliese 710 would be no more than 5%.[7] They had originally estimated that the closest approach would happen in 1,360,000 years when the star will approach within 0.337 ± 0.177 parsecs (1.100 ± 0.577 light years) of the Sun.[14] Gaia DR2 now finds the minimum perihelion distance is 0.0676±0.0157 parsecs or 13900±3200 AU about 1.281 million years from now.[10]

An artist's rendering of the Oort cloud and the Kuiper belt (inset)

Bobylev in 2010 further suggested Gliese 710 has an 86% chance of passing through the Oort cloud, assuming the Oort cloud to be a spheroid around the Sun with semiminor and semimajor axes of 80,000 and 100,000 astronomical units. The distance of closest approach of Gliese 710 is difficult to compute precisely as it depends sensitively on its current position and velocity; Bobylev estimated that it would pass within 0.311 ± 0.167 pc (1.014 ± 0.545 light years) of the Sun.[15] There is even a 1/10,000 chance of the star penetrating into the region (d < 1,000 AU) where the influence of the passing star on Kuiper belt objects is significant.[15]

These results have been further confirmed using Gaia DR1[16] and DR2 data.[17]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ From apparent magnitude and parallax:
  2. ↑ Using the absolute visual magnitude of Gliese 710 and the absolute visual magnitude of the Sun , the visual luminosity can be calculated by

References

  1. 1 2 3 Gaia Collaboration; Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; De Bruijne, J. H. J.; Mignard, F.; Drimmel, R.; Babusiaux, C.; Bailer-Jones, C. A. L.; Bastian, U.; Biermann, M.; Evans, D. W.; Eyer, L.; Jansen, F.; Jordi, C.; Katz, D.; Klioner, S. A.; Lammers, U.; Lindegren, L.; Luri, X.; O'Mullane, W.; Panem, C.; Pourbaix, D.; Randich, S.; Sartoretti, P.; Siddiqui, H. I.; Soubiran, C.; Valette, V.; Van Leeuwen, F.; et al. (2016). "Gaia Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: A2. arXiv:1609.04172. Bibcode:2016A&A...595A...2G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629512.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "GJ 710". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2010-03-18.
  3. 1 2 Kukarkin, B. V.; et al. (1971). "The third edition containing information on 20437 variable stars discovered and designated till 1968". General Catalogue of Variable Stars. General Catalogue of Variable Stars (3rd ed.). Bibcode:1971GCVS3.C......0K.
  4. 1 2 Gray, R. O.; et al. (July 2006). "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: Spectroscopy of Stars Earlier than M0 within 40 parsecs: The Northern Sample I". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (1): 161–170. arXiv:astro-ph/0603770. Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G. doi:10.1086/504637.
  5. 1 2 van Leeuwen, F. (November 2007). "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 474 (2): 653–664. arXiv:0708.1752. Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357.
  6. ↑ Koen, C.; Kilkenny, D.; Van Wyk, F.; Marang, F. (2010). "UBV(RI)C JHK observations of Hipparcos-selected nearby stars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 403 (4): 1949. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.403.1949K. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16182.x.
  7. 1 2 3 4 García-Sánchez, J.; et al. (1999). "Stellar encounters with the Oort cloud based on Hipparcos data". The Astronomical Journal. 117 (2): 1042–1055. Bibcode:1999AJ....117.1042G. doi:10.1086/300723.
  8. 1 2 Johnson, H. M.; Wright, C. D. (November 1983). "Predicted infrared brightness of stars within 25 parsecs of the sun". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 53: 643–711. Bibcode:1983ApJS...53..643J. doi:10.1086/190905.
  9. ↑ López-Santiago, J.; et al. (May 2010), "A high-resolution spectroscopic survey of late-type stars: chromospheric activity, rotation, kinematics, and age", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 514: A97, arXiv:1002.1663, Bibcode:2010A&A...514A..97L, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913437
  10. 1 2 Bailer-Jones, C.A.L.; Rybizki, J,; Andrae, R.; Fouesnea, M. (2018). "New stellar encounters discovered in the second Gaia data release" (PDF). arXiv:1805.07581. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A..37B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833456.
  11. ↑ Berski, Filip; Dybczyński, Piotr A. (2016-11-01). "Gliese 710 will pass the Sun even closer". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595: L10. Bibcode:2016A&A...595L..10B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629835. ISSN 0004-6361.
  12. 1 2 Dorminey, Bruce. "Solar System's Next Close Encounter Will Be With Gliese 710, Say Astronomers". Forbes. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  13. ↑ Dvorsky, George. "Incoming Star Could Spawn Swarms of Comets When It Passes Our Sun". Gizmodo. Retrieved 2016-12-24.
  14. ↑ García-Sánchez, J.; Weissman, P. R.; Preston, R. A.; Jones, D. L.; Lestrade, J.-F.; Latham, D. W.; Stefanik, R. P.; Paredes, J. M. (2001). "Stellar encounters with the solar system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (2): 634–659. Bibcode:2001A&A...379..634G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330.
  15. 1 2 Bobylev, Vadim V. (March 2010). "Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System". Astronomy Letters. 36 (3): 220–226. arXiv:1003.2160. Bibcode:2010AstL...36..220B. doi:10.1134/S1063773710030060.
  16. ↑ Berski, Filip; Dybczynski, Piotr A. (15 November 2016). "Gliese 710 will pass the Sun even closer. Close approach parameters recalculated based on the first Gaia data release". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 595 (1): L10 (4 pp.). Bibcode:2016A&A...595L..10B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201629835.
  17. ↑ de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (10 May 2018). "An Independent Confirmation of the Future Flyby of Gliese 710 to the Solar System Using Gaia DR2". Research Notes of the AAS. 2 (2): 30. arXiv:1805.02644. Bibcode:2018RNAAS...2b..30D. doi:10.3847/2515-5172/aac2d0.

Further reading

  • García-Sánchez, Joan; et al. (1999). "Stellar encounters with the Oort cloud based on Hipparcos data". The Astronomical Journal. 117 (2): 1042–1055. Bibcode:1999AJ....117.1042G. doi:10.1086/300723.
  • García-Sánchez, J.; Weissman, P. R.; Preston, R. A.; Jones, D. L.; Lestrade, J.-F.; Latham, D. W.; Stefanik, R. P.; Paredes, J. M. (2001). "Stellar encounters with the solar system". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 379 (2): 634–659. Bibcode:2001A&A...379..634G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011330.
  • Bobylev, Vadim V. (2010). "Searching for Stars Closely Encountering with the Solar System". Astronomy Letters. 36 (3): 220–226. arXiv:1003.2160. Bibcode:2010AstL...36..220B. doi:10.1134/S1063773710030060.
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