Garha Kingdom

Garha Kingdom of Gondwana
4th century–18th century
Flag
Capital Garha
Singhorgarh
Chouragarh
Ramnagar
Mandla
Common languages Sanskrit
Gondwani
Religion Hinduism
Government Monarchy
History  
• Established
4th century
• Disestablished
18th century
Today part of  India


The Garha Kingdom, also called Garha Mandla[1] or Garha Katanga. It was northern part of Gondwana.

History

Garha-Katanga kingdom was founded by Yadavrai in 358 BC, as per an inscription in the palace of Ramnagar. The rule of Rajgond dynasty started in the 4th century. The Garha-Mandla kingdom was earlier a small territory which witnessed rapid expansion under the rule of Sangram Shah, the 48th king, He captured territories like Narmada Valley, Bhopal, Sagar, Damoh and most of the Satpura hills. However the Garha-Mandla kings' rule ended when Asaf Khan I, the Mughal Viceroy, invaded the kingdom in 1564. The Gond Queen Rani Durgavati is said to have fought bravely against King Akbar to save her kingdom; The Mughals acquired immense booty, including thousands of elephants from this victory. At the beginning of the year 1742 the Peshwas invaded Mandla and extracted chauth (tribute) from the region. Finally, with the end of Rajgond dynasty, Garha-Mandla was annexed to the Maratha government in the year 1781.

The greatest ruler was Sangram Shah. He was 48th ruler of Garha Kingdom who had conquered 52 forts called Garh to strengthen and spread the Gond Empire. The Chouragrh Fort in Narsinghpur was built on the honour of conquering 52 forts. Sangram Shah is best known as a patron of arts and literature and he had great knowledge of Sanskrit. Rasratnamala was written by Sangram Shah. At the time of Sangram Shah the capital of Garha kingdom was Singhorgarh.

His son Dalpat Shah was married to Rani Durgawati[2] who was a Chandel princess. Rani Durgavati moved her capital to Chouragarh because it was safer than Singhorgarh. Rani Durgawati is the known for the bravery and sacrifice for her country. She battled against Mughal Empire of Akbar lead by Asaf khan.

Hridayshah was the music lover. He was 54th ruler of Garha Kingdom. He gave his contributions for music. Hriday koutuk and Hriday prakash were written by him. He moved his capital from Chouragarh to Ramnagar of Mandla district.

Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah were freedom fighters who revolted against the British in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Administration

Administration of Gondwana was becoming centralised. The kingdom was divided into garh , each garh was controlled by perticuler gond clan . This was ferthur divided into units of 84 villages called chourasi. The chourasi was further subdivided into barhots which are made up of 12 villages each.

Genealogy

The genealogy of rulers of Garha Kingdom is recorded in the Ramnagar Inscription at Ramnagar Fort (Mandla).[3]

Genealogy of Rajgond rulers of Garha Kingdom
Name Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E.
1 Yadavrai 358 363
2 Madhav singh 363 396
3 Jagannath 396 421
4 Raghunath 421 485
5 Rudra Singh 485 513
6 Bihari Singh 513 544
7 Narsingh Dev 544 579
8 Suryabhanu 579 608
9 Vasudev 608 626
10 Gopal Singh 626 647
11 Bhupal Singh 647 657
12 Gopinath 657 694
13 Ram Chandra 694 707
14 Surtan Singh 707 726
15 Harihar Dev 726 753
16 Krishna Dev 753 767
17 Jagat Singh 667 676
18 Maha Singh 776 799
19 Durjan Mall 799 818
20 Yash Karna 818 854
21 Pratapaditya 854 878
22 Yashash Chandra 878 892
23 Manohar Singh 892 921
24 Govind Singh 921 946
25 Ram Chandra 946 967
26 Karna Singh 967 983
27 Ratnasen 983 1004
28 Kamal Nayan 1004 1034
29 Narsingh Dev 1034 1041
30 Veer Singh 1041 1067
31 Tribhuvan Rai 1067 1095
32 Prithvi Rai 1095 1116
33 Bharti Chandra 1116 1138
34 Madan Singh 1138 1158
35 Ugrasen 1158 1194
36 Ram Sahi 1194 1218
37 Tara Chandra 1218 1252
38 Udai Singh 1252 1267
39 Bhanumitra 1267 1283
40 Bhawani Das 1283 1295
41 Shiv Singh 1295 1321
42 Hari Narayan 1321 1327
43 Sabal Singh 1327 1356
44 Raj Singh 1356 1387
45 Dado Rai 1387 1424
46 Goraksh Das 1424 1450
47 Arjun Singh 1450 1482
48 Sangram Shah 1482 1532
49 Dalpat Shah 1532 1550
50 Veer Narayan {due to young age of Vir Narayan, Rani Durgavati took the reins of the Garha Kingdom} 1550 1564
51 Chandra Shah 1564 1577
52 Madhukar Shah 1577 1597
53 Prem Narayan 1597 1606
54 Hriday Shah 1608 1679
55 Chhatra Shah 1679 1686
56 Kesri Shah 1686 1689
57 Narendra Shah 1689 1733
58 Maharaj Shah 1733 1744
59 Shivraj Shah 1744 1751
60 Durjan Shah 1751 1753
61 Nijam Shah 1753 1780
62 Narhari Shah 1780 1783
63 Sumer Shah 1783 1784

52 Garh of Gondwana

  1. Garha
  2. Singhorgarh
  3. Kurwai
  4. Rahatgarh
  5. Ginnorgarh
  6. Bhopal
  7. Makrai
  8. Madogarh( Mandla)
  9. Amoda(jabalpur)
  10. Patangarh( Jabalpur)
  11. Chourai
  12. Bargi
  13. Ghansour
  14. Karvagarh( seoni)
  15. Lafagarh( Bilaspur)
  16. Raigarh
  17. Tipagarh(Balaghat)
  18. Kanoja(Jabalpur)
  19. Pachelgarh(Jabalpur)
  20. Bagmar(Mandla)
  21. Dongartal(Nagpur)
  22. Jhanjhangarh(Jabalpur)
  23. Santagarh
  24. Diyagarh(Jabalpur)
  25. Bankagarh
  26. Amargarh(Dindori)
  27. Devhar(Dindori)
  28. Nimuagarh(Narsinghpur)
  29. Bhanwargarh(Narsinghpur)
  30. Pawai-karhi
  31. Shahnagar
  32. Dhamoni
  33. Hatta
  34. Madiyado
  35. Garhakota
  36. Shahgarh
  37. Garhpahra(sagar)
  38. Damoh
  39. Rehli
  40. Itwa(sagar)
  41. Khimlasa
  42. Badi
  43. Chowkigarh(Hoshangabad)
  44. Karubag(Raisen)
  45. Raisen
  46. Bhanwaraso
  47. Opadgarh(Bhopal)
  48. Punagarh(Narsinghpur)
  49. Deori
  50. Gourjhamar
  51. Partabgarh(Bilaspur)
  52. Fatehpur(Hoshangabad)

References

  1. ↑ "Gond King".
  2. ↑ "Rani Durgavati: The Warrior Queen of the Gonds"
  3. ↑ James Princep F.R.S., ed. (August 1837). The journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. vol. 6 part 2. Calcutta :Bishop's College Press,1832-1936. pp. 621–647.
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