Future of the Indian Navy

Naval Ensign of India
Indian navy Carrier Battle Group in formation, showing some of the latest additions to the fleet.

The Indian Navy has been focusing on developing indigenous platforms, systems, sensors and weapons as part of the nation's modernisation and expansion of its maritime forces. As of 2014 the Indian Navy has 41 vessels of various types under construction, including an aircraft carrier; destroyers; frigates; corvettes; and conventional-powered and nuclear-powered submarines. In 2013 a senior naval official, Rear Admiral Atul Kumar Jain, outlined the Indian Navy's intention to build a 200 ship navy over a 10-year period.[1] According to Chief of Naval Staff Admiral RK Dhowan, India has transformed from a buyer's navy to a builder's navy.[2] All 41 ships under construction are being produced in Indian shipyards, both publicly and privately owned.[3] However some projects have suffered from long delays and cost overruns.[4]

Increasing Chinese People's Liberation Army Navy interest in the Indian Ocean region[5] has led the Indian Navy to invest more in anti-submarine ships, such as the Kamorta-class corvette, long-range maritime reconnaissance aircraft, and ships such as the Saryu-class patrol vessel[6] and unmanned aerial vehicles such as the IAI Heron-1.[7] However the lack of a strong submarine fleet has diminished its capabilities to some extent.[8]

Submarines

  This indicates that a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Nuclear-powered

Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Arihant class Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 4 India 6,000 - 7,000 tonnes 1 commissioned,[9] 1 being outfitted,

2 under construction[10]

 A total of four submarines planned in two flights.[11] The first boat of the class, INS Arihant, commissioned in August 2016.[12] The second boat, INS Arighat, is being prepared for sea trials.[11]
S5 class Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) 3 India 13,500 tonnes 3 planned Expected to be in service by 2021. Project was cleared in 2015 with a budget of ₹10,000 crore (US$1.4 billion) [11]
Indigenous SSN class Attack submarine (SSN) 6 India 6,000 tonnes 6 planned Six boats are planned and are expected to be constructed at the Shipbuilding Centre (SBC) at Visakhapatnam.[13] Project clearance was granted by the Cabinet Committee on Security in February 2015.[14]
Akula class Attack submarine (SSN) 1 Russia 12,770 tonnes 1 planned $2 billion deal has been signed between India and Russia during BRICS summit Goa 2016 to lease a second Akula-class attack submarine. Submarine to be delivered by 2021.[15]

Conventional

Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Kalvari class Attack submarine 6 India 1,800 tonnes 1 active, 2 undergoing sea trials
3 under construction[16]		 All submarines are excepted to be in service by 2020.[16] Option for additional six more submarines are available under the contract.[17]
Project 75I class Attack submarine 6 India 6 planned Defence Acquisition Council cleared the purchase of six submarines worth ₹53,000 crore (US$7.4 billion) in October 2014.[18]

Midget submarines

Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
Swimmer Delivery Vehicle Midget submarine 2 India 150 tonnes 2 planned Hindustan Shipyard Limited[19] will construct two midget submarine at an estimated cost of ₹ 2,000 crore. SOVs will be used by MARCOS for conducting special operations.[18]

Deep submergence rescue submersibles

Class Picture Type No. of Boats Origin Displacement Status Note
DSAR class[20] Deep-submergence rescue vehicle 2 United Kingdom 24 tonnes 1 Active[21]

1 Under construction

 James Fisher Defence will build two vessels for ₹1,900 crore (US$265 million) by December 2018.[22][23] The first vessel was planned to be delivered by March 2018.[24]

Ships

  This indicates that the project a Request For Information (RFI) has currently been issued for this project. The issue of RFI is not a commitment for procurement.

Aircraft carriers

Name Picture No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
INS Vikrant 1 India 40,000 tonnes Under construction INS Vikrant is planned to join the Eastern Naval Command in 2020.[25][26]
INS Vishal 1 India 65,000 tonnes Planned[27]

Amphibious warfare ships

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Multi-Role Support Vessel Landing helicopter dock 4 India 21,000 to 27,000 tonnes 4 planned Only Indian shipyards partnered with an international shipyard can participate in the programme. The Indian Navy is yet to select a design which meets its specification.[28]
High Speed Landing Craft 6 India 285 tonnes 6 planned In September 2017, Indian Navy issues a RFI to acquire six landing craft capable of supporting assault missions and transporting equipment, vehicles & troops.[29][30]
Mk. IV LCU Landing craft utility (LCU) 8 India 830 tonnes 4 commissioned
1 delivered
3 under construction		 Three more LCUs to be inducted by 2019.[31]

Destroyers

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Visakhapatnam class Stealth guided missile destroyer 4 India 8,000 tonnes 4 under construction Follow on of the Kolkata class with improved stealth features.

Frigates

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Project 17A class Stealth guided missile frigate 7 India 6,670 tonnes 2 under construction[31]

5 planned[32]

 Four ships will be constructed by Mazagon Dock while the remaining three by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers.
Talwar class Stealth guided missile frigate 10 Russia 4,035 tonnes 6 commissioned

4 planned[33]

 Four additional vessels to be built in a joint partnership between Russia and India in an Indian shipyard.[34][35]

Corvettes

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Kamorta class Corvette (ASW) 4 (+8) India 3,400 tonnes 1 under construction
3 commissioned
(8 follow-on vessels planned)		 Short-range SAMs, towed array sonars and anti-submarine helicopters are currently not available for the class.[36] A further eight Kamorta class corvettes (Project 28A) are planned.
ASW Shallow Water Craft Corvette (ASW) 16 India 700 tonnes 16 planned The Ministry of Defence (MoD) issued a tender under the "Buy and Make India" category to local shipyards.[37] In October 2017, CSL and GRSE emerged as the lowest bidders and will manufacture eight ships each.[38]
Next Generation Missile Vessels Corvette (ASuW) 6 India 2,000-2,200 tonnes 6 planned In January 2015, the Ministry of Defence issued Request For Information (RFI) for six next-generation missile vessels under the "Buy Indian and Make Indian" category.[39]

Mine countermeasure vessels

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Future Indian minehunter class Minesweeper 12 India 12 planned In February 2015, the Ministry of Defence approved the building of 12 minesweepers at a cost of ₹ 32,000 crore in Goa Shipyard Ltd.[40]

Patrol vessels

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Project 21 class Offshore patrol vessel 5 India 2,000 tonnes 5 under construction
 As of June 2016, five ships are under construction with deliveries to start in early 2017 and all five scheduled to be delivered by end of 2017.[41]
Next Generation OPV Offshore patrol vessel 6 India 2,500 tonnes 6 planned [42][43][44]

Utility and special mission ships

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
DRDO Technology Demonstration Vessel Missile range instrumentation ship 1 India 3,900 tonnesUnder construction Under construction at Cochin Shipyard. Also referred to as Ship No. 20[45][46][47][48]
VC11184 Ocean Surveillance Ship Ocean surveillance ship 1 India 10,000 tonnes Under construction[49] Project VC11184 was sanctioned ₹1,500 crore (US$210 million) by the Indian Government with delivery scheduled in 2018.[50][51][52][53]

Replenishment ships

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Replenishment oiler 5 India 40,000 tonnes 5 planned The Defence Ministry cleared the tender for purchase of five ships at a cost of ₹9,000 crore (US$1.3 billion). Requests for proposal would be sent to all Indian private and public sector shipyards.[54]

Survey vessels

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Makar class Survey vessel 6 India 500 tonnes 1 commissioned

5 under construction

 The class is also capable of limited search and rescue missions.
GRSE class Survey vessel 4 India 3,000–3,500 tonnes 4 planned In September 2017, GRSE won a bid for ₹2,500 crore (US$350 million).[55][56]

Miscellaneous

Class Picture Type No. of Ships Origin Displacement Status Note
Tugboat 4 India Under construction 10-tonne bollard pull tugs being constructed at Hindustan Shipyard[57][58]
Diving support vessel 2 India 7,650 tonnes[21] 2 planned In December 2017, Hindustan Shipyard won a bid to build two ships for ₹2,000 crore (US$280 million). The first ship is expected to be delivered in three years.[59][60]

Aircraft

Type Picture Role No. of airframes Origin Status Note
Naval Tejas Mk II Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter 40 to 50[61] India Under development (flight trials phase) Naval variant of HAL Tejas. A prototype (NP-1) is currently under flight testing.[62] The Indian Navy plans has a requirement for 40 or 50 Tejas to equip two front-line squadrons for the aircraft carriers INS Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant.[63][64] In December 2016, the navy announced that the HAL Tejas is overweight and it will seek other alternatives.[65]
Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters Carrier Borne Multi-role Fighter 57 Planned In late January 2017, the Indian Navy released an international Request for Information (RFI) for 57 "Multi-Role Carrier Borne Fighters" (MRCBFs). The main contest is between Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and Dassault Rafale-M.[66][67]
Pipistrel Virus SW 80 Microlight trainer 12[68][69] Slovenia 12 aircraft on order Ministry of Defence has ordered 194 light trainers to the Indian Air Force (72 aircraft), Indian Navy (12 aircraft) and National Cadet Corps (110 aircraft).[70][71] the entire quantity of 194 aircraft will be delivered within 30 months from the day of the first delivery with an option for an additional 100 aircraft within the third year.
Medium Range Maritime Reconnaissance Aircraft Reconnaissance and SAR missions 6 to 9 Under Procurement The Indian Navy issued an RFP for six medium-range maritime reconnaissance (MRMR) aircraft. The possible contenders are; the ATR-72MP/ATR-42MP, the EADS C-295MPA/C-235MPA, the Dassault Falcon 900MPA and the Embraer P-99A. The procurement number was increased to nine as per news reports in February 2012.[72]
Boeing P-8I Neptune Reconnaissance, ASW, ASuW 12 United States 8 in service
4 under procurement		 Indian Navy will acquire 4 more aircraft at a cost of $1 billion to supplement 8 P-8Is already in service.[73][74]
ShinMaywa US-2 Air-sea rescue (SAR) 12 Japan Planned Indian navy intends to acquire 12 US-2 amphibian aircraft for conducting long-range search-and-rescue operations at cost of $1.65 billion. Two US-2s will be directly imported and remaining ten will be assembled locally in India.[75]
Sikorsky S-70 Multi-Role Helicopter 24 United States Planned The navy is expected to acquire 24 naval multi-role helicopters under a new $2 billion deal. The helicopters will replace the ageing Sea King helicopters.[76]
Naval Multi-Role Helicopter Multi-Role Helicopter 123 Planned To replace Westland Sea King helicopters.[77][78]
Naval Utility Helicopter Utility helicopter 111 Planned To replace HAL Chetak helicopters.[79][80][81][82]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Why India's 'Blue Water' Ambitions Matter". Archived from the original on 2014-11-23.
  2. ↑ "Indian Navy has transformed from buyer to builder: Naval Chief". September 4, 2014. Archived from the original on December 22, 2014.
  3. ↑ "Govt's decision on subs a boost for private shipyards". October 27, 2014. Archived from the original on October 29, 2014.
  4. ↑ "Delays force Navy to drop demand for foreign submarines". Archived from the original on 2015-01-14.
  5. ↑ "Experts see several implications to Chinese submarine's visit to Colombo". Archived from the original on 2014-10-30.
  6. ↑ "Indian Navy receives fourth Saryu-class OPV". 24 July 2014. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014.
  7. ↑ "India's Growing Unmanned Naval Fleet". Archived from the original on 2014-10-30.
  8. ↑ "A powerful surface navy lacks sub punch". Archived from the original on 2014-10-30.
  9. ↑ "India set to complete N-triad with Arihant commissioning - Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2016-10-18.
  10. ↑ Diplomat, Saurav Jha, The. "India's Undersea Deterrent". The Diplomat. Archived from the original on 2016-04-08. Retrieved 2016-04-09.
  11. 1 2 3 Unnithan, Sandeep (7 December 2017). "From India Today magazine: A peek into Indias top secret and costliest defence project, nuclear submarines". India Today. Retrieved 2017-12-12.
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  13. ↑ "Move to fast-track two submarine projects gathers steam". Archived from the original on 2015-12-23.
  14. ↑ "Government clears construction of 7 stealth frigates, 6 nuclear-powered attack submarines". The Economic Times. 18 February 2015. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  15. ↑ "India to lease another Russian Akula-class nuclear attack submarine". The Indian Express. 2016-10-19. Archived from the original on 2016-10-20. Retrieved 2016-10-20.
  16. 1 2 Peri, Dinakar; Mahale, Ajeet (31 January 2018). "INS Karanj launched in Mumbai". The Hindu.
  17. ↑ "India would order 6 more scorpene class submarine". 9 November 2014. Archived from the original on 23 March 2010.
  18. 1 2 "6 Made-in-India Submarines for Navy for 53,000 Crores". 25 October 2014. Archived from the original on 3 December 2014.
  19. ↑ "HSL to build two midget submarines". Archived from the original on 2017-08-28.
  20. ↑ "JFD | DSAR Class Submarine Rescue Vehicle". jfdefence.com. Archived from the original on 2016-01-20. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
  21. 1 2 "Contract for construction of diving support Vessels(DSV) signed". Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  22. ↑ "Centre clears Rs 1,900 crore deal for Navy to acquire two deep-submergence rescue vessels". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2016-04-02. Retrieved 2016-03-13.
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  28. ↑ "Indian Navy launches Request For Proposal for 4 amphibious vessels (LHD type)". Archived from the original on 2014-07-31.
  29. ↑ "Indian Navy Landing Craft RFI" (PDF).
  30. ↑ "4 shipyards in battle for 6 hi-speed landing craft". Retrieved 2017-11-17.
  31. 1 2 "Sixth, Make in India warship meant for multi-role amphibious missions delivered to Indian Navy". Retrieved 28 September 2018.
  32. ↑ "Construction of P17A class stealth frigates begins". mid-day. 29 December 2017.
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  36. ↑ "India inducts first locally built ASW corvette". Archived from the original on 2014-12-22.
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  40. ↑ "GSL gets defence ministry's nod to build 12 minesweepers". Archived from the original on 2015-03-31.
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