Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu

Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (藤原良継, 716 – October 27, 777) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, and politician of the Nara period. He was the second son of the founder of the Shikike branch of the Fujiwara, Fujiwara no Umakai. His original name was Sukunamaro (宿奈麻呂). He was the maternal grandfather of the emperors Heizei and Saga.

Early life

In the year 740, after the death of their father Umakai in 737, Sukunamaro's brother Fujiwara no Hirotsugu led a rebellion. Sukunamaro was implicated and exiled to Izu Province. In 742 he was forgiven, and appointed to the position of shō-hanji. In 746, he was promoted from shō roku-i no ge (正六位下) to ju go-i no ge (従五位下) under the court rank system.

Afterwards, he moved between a number of positions, including several as a regional administrator, but was unable to produce any spectacular results. In addition, the Shikike branch was in steep decline compared to the Nanke and Hokke branches of the family, and Sukunamaro remained in obscurity. In 762, Fujiwara no Nakamaro was at the peak of his success, and while his three sons were promoted to sangi, the 47-year-old Sukunamaro was resigned to his rank of ju go-i no ge. Sukunamaro conspired with Ōtomo no Yakamochi, Saeki no Imaemishi, and Isonokami no Yakatsugu in a plot to assassinate Nakamaro, but the plan was discovered. In 763, the four were arrested, but Sukunamaro insisted that he had acted alone. Convicted of a crime against the Imperial family, he was stripped of his position and his family name.

Rise to power

In 764, Fujiwara no Nakamaro incited a rebellion, and Sukunamaro, in response to an Imperial decree, gathered several hundred soldiers and assisted in putting it down. For his service, he was promoted to the rank of ju shi-i no ge (従四位下) and conferred honors, fourth-class. Later the same year he was promoted again to shō shi-i no jō (正四位上), and in 766 to ju san-mi (従三位). Along with Isonokami no Yakatsugu, who had become sangi, Sukunamaro was now counted among the powerful as a kugyō.

In 770 he was promoted to sangi, and Empress Kōken died shortly thereafter. Sukunamaro joined with Fujiwara no Nagate of the Hokke in backing Prince Shirakabe—the future Emperor Kōnin—as the next crown prince, and was promoted to shō san-mi (正三位) and chūnagon. That year, Sukunamaro changed his name to Yoshitsugu. In 771 the sadaijin Nagate died, and Yoshitsugu's support of Kōnin left him as the central figure of the Fujiwara clan. He was promoted directly from chūnagon to naishin (内臣). This made him the second most powerful person in the daijō-kan, after the udaijin Ōnakatomi no Kiyomaro. In 777 he was promoted once again to naidaijin, but he died shortly thereafter, and was posthumously granted the rank of ju ichi-i (従一位).

When his grandson Emperor Heizei assumed the throne, Yoshitsugu was posthumuously promoted to shō ichi-i (正一位), the highest rank under ritsuryō, and daijō-daijin. He had many daughters, but few sons, and so his line ended when his son Takumi was killed by bandits in Nagaoka-kyō.

Genealogy

  • Father: Fujiwara no Umakai
  • Mother: Ishikawa no Kunimina no Ōtoji (? unclear)
  • Wife: Abe no Komina
  • Wife: from the Tatehara family
    • Son (768–?) [according to the kugyō bunin.]
  • Unknown mother:
    • Son: Fujiwara no Takumi (藤原詫美)
    • Daughter: Wife of Fujiwara no Kaedemaro
    • Daughter: Fujiwara no Sanekazu (藤原人数, ?–809), wife of Fujiwara no Washitori (藤原鷲取), mother of Fujiwara no Fujitsugu (藤原藤嗣)
    • Daughter: Wife of Fujiwara no Ieyori
    • Daughter: Wife of Fujiwara no Nagate
    • Daughter: Fujiwara no Moroane (?–786), wife of Fujiwara no Momokawa, mother of Fujiwara no Tabiko (藤原旅子)

References

  • Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  • Nakagawa, Osamu (1967). 藤原良継の境涯 [The Life of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. Hokkaidō Shigaku Kyōiku Kenkyū Kyōkai Kenkyū (北海道私学教育研究協会研究紀要) (in Japanese) (12).
  • Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2001). "石上宅嗣と藤原良継・百川兄弟" [Isonokami no Yakatsugu and the Fujiwara Brothers, Yoshitsugu and Momokawa]. 律令貴族と政争 [Ritsuryō Nobles and Wars] (in Japanese). Hanawa sensho (塙書房).
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  3. 1 2 Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. 1 2 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. ↑ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. ↑ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice": The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. ↑ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. ↑ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. ↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
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  15. ↑ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
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  19. 1 2 Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
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  28. ↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. ↑ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. 1 2 Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
  31. ↑ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. ↑ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. 1 2 Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. 1 2 "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. 1 2 "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. ↑ "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. ↑ Jinson. 大乗院日記目録.
  38. ↑ "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ↑ ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  40. ↑ ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.
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