Fujiwara no Umakai
Fujiwara no Umakai | |
---|---|
Fujiwara no Umakai drawn by Kikuchi Yōsai | |
Born | 694 |
Died | 737 |
Nationality | Japanese |
Parents | Fujiwara no Fuhito (father) |
Fujiwara no Umakai (藤原 宇合, 694 – September 7, 737) was a Japanese statesman, courtier, general and politician during the Nara period.[1] The third son of Fujiwara no Fuhito, he founded the Shikike ("Ceremonials") branch of the Fujiwara clan.
Career
He was a diplomat during the reign of Empress Genshō;[2] and he was minister during the reign of Emperor Shōmu. In the Imperial court, Umakai was the chief of protocol (Shikibu-kyō).[3]
- 716 (Reiki 2): Along with Tajihi no Agatamori (多治比縣守), Abe no Yasumaro (阿倍安麻呂) and Ōtomo no Yamamori (大伴山守), Umakai was named to be part of a Japanese diplomatic mission to Tang China in 717-718.[2] Kibi no Makibi and the Buddhist monk Genbō were also part of the entourage.[4]
- 724 (Jinki 1, 1st month): Umakai led an army against the emishi;[5] but this military campaign was later judged to have been unsuccessful.[6]
- 729 (Tenpyō 1): The emperor invested Umakai with the power to raise an army to quash a revolt, but the cause for alarm was dissipated without the need for military action.[7]
- 737 (Tenpyō 9): Umakai died at age 44.[8] A smallpox epidemic caused the deaths of Umakai and his three brothers.[9]
Genealogy
This member of the Fujiwara clan was son of Fujiwara no Fuhito.[1] Umakai had three brothers: Muchimaro, Fusasaki, and Maro. These four brothers are known for having established the "four houses" of the Fujiwara.[10]
Umakai's children included: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu[11] and Fujiwara no Momokawa[12]
Family
- Father: Fujiwara no Fuhito
- Mother: Soga no Shōshi (蘇我娼子, ?–?), daughter of Soga no Murajiko (蘇我連子).
- Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
- 1st son: Fujiwara no Hirotsugu (藤原広嗣, ?–740)
- 2nd son: Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu (藤原良継, 716–777)
- Wife: Takahashi no Aneko (高橋阿禰娘), daughter of Takahashi no Kasa no Ason (高橋笠朝臣).
- 3rd son: Fujiwara no Kiyonari (藤原清成, 716–777)
- Wife: unclear name (小治田功麿男牛養女)
- 5th son: Fujiwara no Tamaro (藤原田麻呂, 722–783)
- Wife: Kume no Wakame (久米若女), daughter of 久米奈保麻呂?
- 8th son: Fujiwara no Momokawa (藤原百川, 732-779)
- Wife: named (佐伯家主娘), daughter of 佐伯徳麻呂.
- 9th son: Fujiwara no Kurajimaro (藤原蔵下麻呂, 734–775)
- Children with unknown mother:
- 4th son: Fujiwara no Tsunate (藤原綱手, ?–740)
- Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Uona.
- Daughter: name unknown, wife of Fujiwara no Kosemaro (藤原巨勢麻呂).
- Daughter: named (掃子), possibly mother of Fujiwara no Tsunatsugu (藤原綱継).
- Wife: Isonokami no Kunimina no Ōtoji (石上国盛), daughter of Isonokami no Maro (石上麻呂).
Notes
- 1 2 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Fujiwara no Umakai" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 211, p. 211, at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books
- 1 2 Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 65, p. 65, at Google Books; see "Fousiwara-no Nokiafi", pre-Hepburn romanization
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Shikibu-kyō" at p. 856, p. 856, at Google Books
- ↑ Fogel, Joshua. (1996). The Literature of Travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China, p. 22, p. 22, at Google Books; excerpt, "Like Genbō, Kibi no Makibi remained in China after the embassy ships returned to Japan, returning home himself at the same time as Genbo seventeen years later."
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 223., p. 223, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 220., p. 220, at Google Books
- ↑ Titsingh,p. 68, p. 68, at Google Books
- ↑ Titsingh,p. 69, p. 69, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 190., p. 190, at Google Books
- ↑ Brinkley, p. 203., p. 203, at Google Books; excerpt, "Muchimaro's home, being in the south (nan) of the capital, was called Nan-ke; Fusazaki's, being in the north (hoku), was termed Hoku-ke; Umakai's was spoken of as Shiki-ke, since he presided over the Department of Ceremonies (shiki), and Maro's went by the name of Kyō-ke, this term also having reference to his office."
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Hirotsugu" at p. 202, p. 202, at Google Books
- ↑ Nussbaum, "Fujiwara no Momokawa" at p. 206, p. 206, at Google Books
References
- Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
- Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 58053128
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- 1 2 3 Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
- 1 2 3 4 5 Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
- 1 2 Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
- 1 2 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
- ↑ Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束(真楯)・千尋(御楯). Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
- ↑ Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice": The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
- ↑ Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
- ↑ Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
- ↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
- ↑ Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
- ↑ http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
- ↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
- ↑ Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
- ↑ Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
- 1 2 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
- ↑ Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
- ↑ 日本古代氏族人名辞典(普及版) [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
- 1 2 Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
- ↑ Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
- ↑ Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
- 1 2 Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
- ↑ Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- ↑ Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
- ↑ Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
- ↑ Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
- ↑ "卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
- ↑ Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
- ↑ Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
- 1 2 Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
- ↑ "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
- ↑ Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
- 1 2 Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
- 1 2 "藤原北家.近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
- 1 2 "藤原北家.九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
- ↑ "藤原北家.近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
- ↑ Jinson. 大乗院日記目録.
- ↑ "藤原北家.九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
- ↑ ネケト. 二条家(摂家) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
- ↑ ネケト. 一条家(摂家) (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.
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