Foreign players in the National Football League

Compared to other major professional sports leagues in the United States, the National Football League (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.[1] In 2017, roughly 1 out of 39 active players (2.56%) were born outside the US.[2] In recent NFL Drafts, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.[3][4] A record 12 international players were drafted in the 2015 NFL Draft. As of the beginning of the 2018 NFL season, Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 13 players, followed by Germany with 6 players.[5]

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in 1920. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Many international players have found success on special teams; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers Morten Andersen of Denmark and Gary Anderson of South Africa.[6] Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.[5]

History

Beginnings

At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the 1920 season.[5] These included:

Hispanics and Latin Americans

The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet, a Cuban who signed and played with the Frankford Yellow Jackets in 1927. His contract was donated to the Pro Football Hall of Fame by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers Jess Rodriguez and Kelly Rodriguez of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the Buffalo Bisons in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1930.[12]

In 1944, the Philadelphia Eagles drafted Steve Van Buren, a halfback who was born in La Ceiba, Honduras, to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.[13]

In 1948, the Los Angeles Rams drafted Tom Fears. Fears was born in Guadalajara, Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a split end from 1948 to 1956, winning an NFL championship with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the New Orleans Saints from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.[14][15]

Europeans

Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback John Barsha of Russia, tackle John Kvist of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.[5] Later, Bronko Nagurski signed with the Chicago Bears. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.[16]

Fullback Ace Gutowsky of Komolty, Russian Empire, played for the Detroit Lions from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers.[17][18]

In 1950, the San Francisco 49ers used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on Leo Nomellini, a defensive tackle from the University of Minnesota who was born in Lucca, Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine All-Pro selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 1979.[19]

Garo Yepremian, born in Larnaca, Cyprus, was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the NFL 1970s All-Decade Team. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder in Super Bowl VII, in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for a touchdown by the Redskins.[20][21]

Scandinavia has produced the two lone exclusive placekickers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Jan Stenerud came from Fetsund, Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to Montana State University. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs in the 1966 AFL draft. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, Green Bay Packers, and Minnesota Vikings and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.[22] Morten Andersen, born in Copenhagen, Denmark, played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the New Orleans Saints and Atlanta Falcons.[23]

English-born placekicker John Smith played for the New England Patriots from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the Miami Dolphins in 1982 in the famous Snowplow Game.[24] Other notable Englishmen include two-time Pro Bowl defensive end Osi Umenyiora and current Eagles running back Jay Ajayi. While with the Miami Dolphins in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.[25] He also became the first London-born skill position player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the NFL International Series at Wembley Stadium in 2017.[26]

Pacific Islanders

In recent decades, Polynesians—in particular Samoans—have found great success in the NFL,[27][28] so much so that the island of American Samoa has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.[29][27][30] According to Forbes in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.[27]

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson and Pago Pago native Mosi Tatupu. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,[28] and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a special teams player.[31] Current NFL player and American Samoa native Mike Iupati has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an offensive guard.[32]

Vai Sikahema was the first Tonga native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the St. Louis Cardinals.[33] Sikahema's cousin, Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui, also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. Super Bowl XLIII featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and Chris Kemoeatu for the Steelers.[34]

The Polynesian Football Hall of Fame was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.[35] Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander Riki Ellison, and Samoans Jesse Sapolu and Maa Tanuvasa. Tongan Ma'ake Kemoeatu, cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.[36]

Seoul native Hines Ward

Asians

Placekicker John Lee was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.[37] He was born in Seoul, South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.[38] Although highly successful in college for the UCLA Bruins, he lasted only one season in the NFL.[39]

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is Hines Ward. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the Pittsburgh Steelers from 1998 to 2011. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.[40][39]

Africans

In 1984, Obed Ariri of Owerri, Nigeria, set Tampa Bay Buccaneers franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).[41] Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native Donald Igwebuike to tryout as kicker for the Clemson Tigers football team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.[42][43] A later representative of Nigeria was fullback Christian Okoye of Enugu, who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.[44]

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include Liberia native Tamba Hali, a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the Kansas City Chiefs,[45] and Ghana native Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah, a defensive end the Detroit Lions. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.[46][6] Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.[47]

Australians

Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.[48][49] As punting is a vital aspect of Australian rules football, many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was Melbourne native Colin Ridgeway, a punter who played a single season with the Dallas Cowboys in 1965.[50] The first to spend significant time in the league was Darren Bennett, who was a punter for the San Diego Chargers and Minnesota Vikings from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes Ben Graham, Matt McBriar, Brad Wing, Saverio Rocca, Jordan Berry, and Lac Edwards.[48]

Defensive tackle Colin Scotts was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.[51] In 2015, rugby league player Jarryd Hayne of Sydney signed with the San Francisco 49ers as an undrafted free agent. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.[52] Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.[51]

List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame

Hall of Fame halfback Steve Van Buren was born in La Ceiba, Honduras.

Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

PlayerBirthplacePositionTeam(s)InductedSource
Morten Andersen DenmarkPlacekickerNew Orleans Saints (1982–1994)
Atlanta Falcons (1995–2000)
New York Giants (2001)
Kansas City Chiefs (2002–2003)
Minnesota Vikings (2004)
Atlanta Falcons (2006–2007)		2017[53]
Tom Fears MexicoEndLos Angeles Rams (1948–1956)1970[54]
Ted Hendricks GuatemalaLinebackerBaltimore Colts (1969–1973)
Green Bay Packers (1974)
Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders (1975–1983)		1990[55]
Bronko Nagurski CanadaFullbackChicago Bears (1930–1937, 1943)1963[56]
Leo Nomellini ItalyDefensive tackleSan Francisco 49ers (1950–1963)1969[57]
Ernie Stautner GermanyDefensive tacklePittsburgh Steelers (1950–1963)1969[58]
Jan Stenerud NorwayPlacekickerKansas City Chiefs (1967–1979)
Green Bay Packers (1980–1983)
Minnesota Vikings (1984–1985)		1991[59]
Steve Van Buren HondurasHalfbackPhiladelphia Eagles (1944–1951)1965[60]
Arnie Weinmeister CanadaDefensive tackleNew York Giants (1950–1953)1984[61]

List of foreign players currently in the NFL

Active foreign-born players as of the 2017 season

Birthplace Nationality Player Position First year Team
 Albania  Albania Kristjan Sokoli DE 2015 New York Giants
 Angola  Canada Christo Bilukidi DE 2012 Free agent
 Australia  Australia Lac Edwards P 2016 New York Jets
 Australia  Australia Adam Gotsis DE 2016 Denver Broncos
 Australia  Australia Tom Hackett P 2016 Free agent
 Australia  Australia Jordan Berry P 2015 Pittsburgh Steelers
 Australia  Australia Brad Wing P 2013 Free Agent
 Belize  Belize Rakeem Nuñez-Roches NT 2015 Free Agent
 Brazil  Brazil Cairo Santos K 2014 Los Angeles Rams
 Cameroon  Cameroon Arie Kouandjio OG 2015 Washington Redskins
 Cameroon  Cameroon Cyrus Kouandjio OG 2014 Denver Broncos
 Cameroon  Cameroon Steve Longa LB 2016 Detroit Lions
 Canada  Canada Laurent Duvernay-Tardif OT 2014 Kansas City Chiefs
 Canada  Canada Brett Boyko OG 2015 Los Angeles Chargers
 Canada  Canada Eli Ankou DT 2017 Jacksonville Jaguars
 Canada  Canada Stefan Charles DT 2013 Kansas City Chiefs
 Canada  Canada Christian Covington DT 2015 Houston Texans
 Canada  Canada Tyrone Crawford DT 2012 Dallas Cowboys
 Canada  United States T. J. Jones WR 2014 Detroit Lions
 Canada  Canada Brett Jones C 2015 Minnesota Vikings
 Canada  Canada L. P. Ladouceur LS 2005 Dallas Cowboys
 Canada  Canada Austin Pasztor OT 2012 Atlanta Falcons
 Canada  Canada Jon Ryan P 2006 Free agent
 Canada  Canada Brent Urban DE 2014 Baltimore Ravens
 Canada  Canada Luke Willson TE 2013 Detroit Lions
 Canada  Canada Antony Auclair TE 2017 Tampa Bay Buccaneers
 Democratic Republic of the Congo  Canada Boseko Lokombo LB 2017 Free agent
 Democratic Republic of the Congo  Canada Andy Mulumba LB 2013 Free agent
 England  United Kingdom Jay Ajayi RB 2015 Philadelphia Eagles
 England  United Kingdom Jack Crawford DT 2012 Atlanta Falcons
 England  United Kingdom Jermaine Eluemunor OL 2017 Baltimore Ravens
 England  United Kingdom Alex Gray TE 2017 Atlanta Falcons
 England  United Kingdom Lawrence Okoye OL 2013 Montreal Alouettes
 England  United Kingdom Menelik Watson OT 2013 Denver Broncos
 Estonia  Estonia Margus Hunt DE 2013 Indianapolis Colts
 France  France Anthony Dablé WR 2016 Free agent
 Germany  Germany Moritz Böhringer WR 2016 Cincinnati Bengals
 Germany  Germany/
 United States		 Kasim Edebali OLB 2014 Denver Broncos
 Germany  Germany/
 United States		 Jerome Felton FB 2008 Free agent
 Germany  United States Brandon Gibson WR 2009 Free agent
 Germany  United States Mike Jenkins CB 2008 Free agent
 Germany  Germany Mark Nzeocha LB 2015 San Francisco 49ers
 Ghana  Ghana Ezekiel Ansah DE 2013 Detroit Lions
 Haiti Dadi Nicolas LB 2016 Kansas City Chiefs
 Italy  Italy Giorgio Tavecchio K 2012 Oakland Raiders
 Jamaica  Jamaica/ United States Patrick Chung S 2009 New England Patriots
 Jamaica  Jamaica/ United States Danielle Hunter DE 2015 Minnesota Vikings
 Jamaica  Canada Orlando Franklin OG 2011 Free agent
 Kenya  Kenya Rees Odhiambo OG 2016 Seattle Seahawks
 Liberia  Liberia Jehu Chesson WR 2017 Kansas City Chiefs
 Liberia  Liberia Tamba Hali LB 2006 Free agent
 Liberia  Liberia Jonathan Massaquoi LB 2012 Free agent
 New Zealand  New Zealand Paul Lasike FB 2015 Free agent
 Nigeria  Nigeria /  United States Nelson Agholor WR 2015 Philadelphia Eagles
 Nigeria  Nigeria Jeremiah Attaochu LB 2014 Los Angeles Chargers
 Nigeria  Nigeria Obum Gwacham DE 2015 New York Jets
 Nigeria  United Kingdom Efe Obada LB 2015 Carolina Panthers
 Nigeria  Nigeria/ Canada David Onyemata DT 2016 New Orleans Saints
 Poland  Poland Sebastian Janikowski K 2000 Seattle Seahawks
 Scotland  United Kingdom/
 United States		 Graham Gano K 2009 Carolina Panthers
 Tonga  Tonga Star Lotulelei DT 2013 Carolina Panthers
 United States  Spain /  United States Alejandro Villanueva OT 2014 Pittsburgh Steelers
 Zimbabwe  Zimbabwe Stansly Maponga DE 2013 Free agent
This sports-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Gaines, Cork (November 17, 2011). "Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players". Business Insider. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  2. ↑ Borchers, Callum (October 13, 2017). "The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  3. ↑ Chester, Simon A. (February 20, 2016). "NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks". USA Today. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  4. ↑ Clements, Ron (April 27, 2016). "NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects". Sporting News. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Player Birthplaces". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  6. 1 2 Chu, Hau (September 15, 2015). "Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL". New York Daily News. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  7. ↑ Hunter, Bob (January 27, 2002). "Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  8. ↑ "Tommy Hughitt Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  9. ↑ "Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  10. ↑ Braunwart, Bob; Carroll, Bob (1981). "The First NFL Game(s)" (PDF). The Coffin Corner. 3 (2). Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  11. ↑ "Chronology of Football (1869–1939)". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  12. ↑ Longoria, Mario. "Latin-Americans in Pro Football". Pro Football Hall of Fame. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  13. ↑ "Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee". The Washington Post. August 24, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  14. ↑ Litsky, Frank (January 8, 2000). "Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  15. ↑ Branch, John (November 15, 2008). "For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  16. ↑ Rogers, Thomas (January 9, 1990). "Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  17. ↑ "Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League". The New York Times. October 26, 1939. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark". Los Angeles Times. October 25, 1939.
  19. ↑ Goldstein, Richard (October 22, 2000). "Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
  20. ↑ Stout, David (May 16, 2015). "Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70". The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  21. ↑ Knoblauch, Austin (May 16, 2015). "Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
  22. ↑ Gregorian, Vahe (May 13, 2017). "Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud's extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  23. ↑ Duncan, Jeff (August 5, 2017). "A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  24. ↑ Thomas, Mike (March 9, 2009). "Whatever Happened to: John Smith". The Herald News. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  25. ↑ Kelly, Omar (December 24, 2016). "Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season". Sun-Sentinel. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  26. ↑ Rapoport, Ian (October 1, 2017). "Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London". NFL.com. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  27. 1 2 3 Steinberg, Leigh (May 21, 2015). "How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?". Forbes. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  28. 1 2 Phillips, Craig (January 22, 2016). "Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football". PBS. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  29. ↑ Pelley, Scott (January 17, 2010). "American Samoa: Football Island". CBS News. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  30. ↑ Sonny, Julian (April 1, 2014). "Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World's Best Football Stars". Elite Daily. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  31. ↑ Noland, Claire (February 25, 2010). "Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  32. ↑ "Mike Iupati Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  33. ↑ "Vai Sikahema Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  34. ↑ "Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage". The Australian. February 2, 2009. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  35. ↑ "Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments". Hawaii News Now. January 19, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  36. ↑ "Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018". NFL.com. October 10, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  37. ↑ Freeman, Mike (April 5, 1999). "Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017.
  38. ↑ Ostler, Scott (July 28, 1986). "UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  39. 1 2 Chi, Samuel (August 29, 2013). "Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?". The Diplomat. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  40. ↑ Briscoe, Jake (June 27, 2017). "Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update". The Gazette Review. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
  41. ↑ Scheiber, Dave (July 27, 2004). "Low profile". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  42. ↑ Greene, Jerry (September 19, 1985). "Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  43. ↑ Casey, Tim (January 7, 2016). "Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship". Vice. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  44. ↑ "Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child". Los Angeles Times. Associated Press. July 25, 1991. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  45. ↑ "Tamba Hali Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  46. ↑ Bonsu, Benny (December 18, 2015). "Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?". True Africa. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  47. ↑ "Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro". Time. October 3, 2016. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  48. 1 2 Mather, Victor (October 22, 2015). "Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game". The New York Times. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  49. ↑ Wood, Patrick; Kennedy, Paul (March 29, 2017). "NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm". ABC. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  50. ↑ Ison, Rebekah (October 17, 2014). "Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved November 9, 2017.
  51. 1 2 Withers, Andy (May 15, 2016). "Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts". ESPN.com. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  52. ↑ Dubin, Jared (May 15, 2016). "49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby". CBS Sports. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
  53. ↑ "Morten Andersen Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  54. ↑ "Tom Fears Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  55. ↑ "Ted Hendricks Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  56. ↑ "Bronko Nagurski Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  57. ↑ "Leo Nomellini Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  58. ↑ "Ernie Stautner Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  59. ↑ "Jan Stenerud Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  60. ↑ "Steve Van Buren Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
  61. ↑ "Arnie Weinmeister Stats". Pro-Football-Reference.com. Sports Reference. Retrieved October 26, 2017.
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