Ford LTD (Americas)

Ford LTD
1972 Ford LTD 2-Door Hardtop
Overview
Manufacturer	Ford
Production	1964–1986[1]
Body and chassis
Class	Full-size (1964–1982) Mid-size (1982–1986)
Layout	FR layout
Chronology
Successor	Ford LTD Crown Victoria (for full-size LTD) Ford Taurus (for mid-size LTD)

The Ford LTD (pronounced el-tee-dee) is a range of automobiles manufactured by Ford Motor Company for the 1965 to 1986 model years. Introduced as the highest trim of the full-size Ford model range, the Ford LTD introduced options and features normally reserved for luxury brands (such as the Lincoln brand). The largest vehicle produced by Ford in North America for most of its production, the LTD was joined by the intermediate Ford LTD II from 1977 to 1979; the LTD II served as the replacement for the Torino/Gran Torino range. At various times throughout its production, the LTD range included two-door and four-door pillared and hardtop sedans, a two-door convertible, and the Ford LTD Country Squire five-door woodgrain station wagon.

For the 1979 model year, the LTD would undergo downsizing, becoming externally smaller than the LTD II. For 1983, the LTD effectively became a midsize car as the Ford Granada was discontinued and renamed the LTD; its full-size counterpart became LTD Crown Victoria. The mid-size LTD was replaced by the Ford Taurus after 1986, as Ford shifted much of its model line towards front-wheel drive vehicles.

Outside of North America, the 1966 Ford Galaxie 500 was manufactured in South America into the 1980s and marketed as the Ford LTD.

Etymology

The LTD designation has been speculated by some to be an abbreviation of "Luxury Trim Decor" and by others as a "Limited" trim designation for the Galaxie. There is evidence in early 1970s Australian LTD sales brochures, that "Lincoln Type Design" was adapted by Ford's Australian marketing, as the meaning of the LTD nameplate to play up Lincoln-like exclusitivity and design influence of its Falcon-based LTD luxury car, since actual Lincoln models were not sold in that country. However, there is no evidence of "Lincoln Type Design" nor any other meaning ever being used in brochures or advertising copy of North American sales literature. The original Car Life review at the time the first Galaxie 500 LTD was released suggests that "LTD" stood for nothing and was ambiguous in meaning.

First generation (1965–1968)

First generation
Overview
Also called	Ford Galaxie 500 LTD (1965)
Production	1964–1968
Model years	1965–1968
Assembly	Louisville, Kentucky Mahwah, New Jersey Pico Rivera, California Atlanta, Georgia St. Louis, Missouri
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door hardtop 4-door sedan (1967-1968) 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door station wagon.
Related	Mercury Monterey Mercury Park Lane Mercury Colony Park Ford Galaxie Ford Custom Ford Country Squire
Powertrain
Engine	289 cu in (4.7 L) Challenger/Windsor V8 302 cu in (4.9 L) Challenger/Windsor V8 352 cu in (5.8 L) Thunderbird (FE) V8 390 cu in (6.4 L) Thunderbird Special (FE) V8 427 cu in (7.0 L) Cobra (FE) V8 428 cu in (7.0 L) Thunderbird (FE) V8
Dimensions
Wheelbase	119 in (3,023 mm)

The Ford Galaxie 500 LTD was introduced in August 1964 at the start of the 1965 model year and prompted the Chevrolet Caprice at midyear 1965, the AMC Ambassador "DPL" in 1966, the Plymouth Fury "VIP," and the similar Dodge Monaco. These upscale models had features found primarily on luxury models from these same manufacturers, namely Cadillac, Lincoln and Imperial, but were sold at much lower retail prices. These cars commonly came equipped with options like power windows, a power driver's seat, power brakes, power steering, air conditioning, and a full or half-vinyl top (called a landau or brougham interchangeably across different models by the same manufacturers). Other upgrades were interiors made of better materials and more powerful engines. Most of these upper trim models were usually hardtops as opposed to pillared bodies.

In 1966, the LTD series became completely separate from the Galaxie 500, which continued as the mid-line offering (the performance-oriented Galaxie 500 XL shared top billing with the LTD). The Twin Comfort Lounge Seat (a split bench seat) was a new option.

The 1967 LTD two-door hardtop got a new formal roofline, keeping up with the competition. All models received the 1967 federally-mandated safety features, including a large, soft "crash pad" in the center of the steering wheel, non-protruding instrument panel knobs, a dual-circuit brake master cylinder, four-way hazard flashers, and front outboard shoulder belt mounting points.

The 1968 model year would be transitional for the LTD and all full-size Fords. Though the body and frame of the 1965-1967 models were carryovers, the 1968 model featured horizontal hidden headlights and a more formal roofline. It was the last model with the 119" wheelbase. The standard LTD interior was downgraded a bit in luxury compared to past versions, but a new "Brougham" option package effectively brought the interior trim up to previous standards of luxury. In a major change for the 1968 model year, Ford added sedan model names to the separate model series for some of its full-size station wagons; the wood-grained Country Squire became the "LTD Country Squire." ^[2]

This generation was introduced with covered headlights on the top level LTD coupe, sedan and station wagon, which were deployed using a vacuum canister system that kept the doors down when a vacuum condition existed in the lines, provided by the engine when it was running. If a loss of vacuum occurred, the doors would retract up so that the headlights were visible if the system should fail. 1968s also included side marker lights and reflectors, and the parking lights now illuminated with the headlights. Front outboard shoulder belts were fitted to cars built effective January 1, 1968. The large soft hub in the steering wheel hub gave way to a more conventional design, and an energy-absorbing steering column was introduced as part of the 1968 safety package.

Second generation (1969–1978)

Second generation
1971 Ford LTD Brougham 2-Door Hardtop
Overview
Production	1968–1978
Model years	1969–1978
Assembly	Canada: Oakville, Canada (Oakville Assembly) United States: Hazelwood, Missouri (St. Louis Assembly Plant) Mahwah, New Jersey (Mahwah Assembly) Pico Rivera, California (Los Angeles Assembly) Hapeville, Georgia (Atlanta Assembly)
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door hardtop 4-door sedan 2-door coupe 2-door convertible 4-door station wagon
Related	Mercury Marquis Mercury Monterey Mercury Colony Park Ford Galaxie Ford Custom Ford Country Squire
Powertrain
Engine	302 cu in (4.9 L) Windsor V8 351 cu in (5.8 L) Cleveland V8 351 cu in (5.8 L) 351M V8 400 cu in (6.6 L) 335 V8 429 cu in (7.0 L) 385 V8 460 cu in (7.5 L) 385 V8
Transmission	3-speed Toploader manual 4-speed Toploader manual 3-speed FMX automatic 3-speed C6 automatic 3-speed C4 automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	121.0 inches (3,070 mm)
Length	224.1 inches (5,690 mm) (coupe, sedan) 225.7 inches (5,730 mm) (wagon)

For the 1969 model year, the LTD was given a major redesign. Based on a largely carryover chassis, the wheelbase of all full-size Ford sedans now stretched to 121 inches.

Timeline

1969 Ford LTD 4-Door Hardtop

1972 Ford LTD 4-Door Hardtop

1975 Ford LTD Landau 2-Door Pillared Hardtop

Ford LTD 4-Door Pillared Hardtop

• 1969: Ford LTD is given a redesign on a longer (121-inch) wheelbase chassis; the hidden headlights and formal roofline introduced in 1967 are retained. An all-new body features a split grille with a horizontal center divider (shared with XLs and Country Squires).^[5]
• 1970: The split grille was discontinued; while its Mercury Marquis counterpart continues its Lincoln-style fascia, Ford redesigned the front end of the LTD with a three-segment grille with a prominent center section^[5] (a toned down version of the Ford Thunderbird (fifth generation)). All LTDs got a new Federally-mandated locking steering column and wheel, with the ignition switch located on the right side of the column.
• 1971: The LTD was given a styling update. In the rear, the long-running Ford styling tradition ended as the twin round or square "jet exhaust" taillights were replaced by horizontal taillights on all full-size Fords.^[5] In between the two tail lamps was a center "third" brakelight; on the Galaxie 500, this space was an alloy trim panel while Custom 500s had body-color trim. In front, the LTD lost its hidden headlamps to Lincoln-Mercury, but got a new front end treatment with a tall center grille section and "LTD" spelled out in block letters on the hood.

With the discontinuation of the XL series, the convertible was moved to the LTD line. These were produced with bucket seats and center consoles; the console was similar to the console in the XLs and Mercury Marauders of 1969-70, with a "stirrup" style shift handle.^[5]

A customized 1971 LTD is featured prominently in the 1973 American film White Lightning. It is the car driven by the film’s lead character, portrayed by Burt Reynolds.^[6]

• 1972: 1972 models were virtually the same as the '71s, although the bumper now stretched across the lower section of the grille. A new rear bumper integrated the taillights; also in the rear, the design of the trunklid was squared off. Due to decreased demand in the segment, 1972 was the final model year for the LTD convertible.^[5]
• 1973: In 1972, in order to comply with federal regulations, the LTD was given a major redesign for 1973. The requirements for 5-mph front bumpers had taken effect, with larger rear bumpers to be added in 1973. While the redesign slightly decreased the weight of the LTD, it still was far in excess of two tons, making agility and fuel economy both key weak points. The new styling was bulkier, making the car look significantly larger and heavier than previous models. Four-door models (sharing rooflines with Mercury) were given thin B-pillars for roof reinforcement and branded as "pillared hardtops" (frameless door glass remained on all Ford LTD models).^[5]
• 1974: Five-mph bumpers added to the rear. Mostly carryover from the 1973 model year. Mid-year, a non-woodgrain LTD wagon became available. A new Federal law required seat belts to be buckled before the starter would operate; public protests prompted the government to relax this requirement.^[5] Subsequent models got a simple "Fasten Seat Belt" warning light and buzzer for 1975, and owners were now permitted to disable the starter interlock on their '74s.
• 1975: Following the discontinuation of the Galaxie series after 1974, Ford sought to fill its place by expanding the LTD trim lineup. Above the Custom 500 was the standard LTD, the LTD Brougham, and newly introduced for 1975, the LTD Landau.^[5] In an effort to comply with pending rollover standards (as well as to differentiate it from the Mercury Marquis), the two-door was converted from a hardtop to a coupe with wide B-pillars and a tall, narrow "opera window" (Chevrolet did the same thing in 1973 with the Caprice Coupe).^[5] More or less the Ford counterpart to the Mercury Grand Marquis, the LTD Landau featured rear fender skirts and various decor packages for additional luxury; it was distinguished by the return of hidden headlamps (exclusive to its trim level). Hidden headlamps were also shared with the LTD Country Squire wagon. The 429 engine was replaced by the 460 V8 sourced from Lincoln-Mercury for 1975. A catalytic converter now required the use of unleaded fuel, and the gas gauge and fuel filler sported warnings to this effect.
• 1976: Four-wheel disc brakes and 8-track were optional.^[7] Last year for LTD Brougham trim level.^[5]
• 1977: Since the LTD Brougham had been discontinued, the LTD Landau received the former Brougham interior as the base offering. Optional interiors, including the LTD Landau Luxury Group, were still available.^[5]
• 1978: Final year for 121-inch wheelbase LTD, as it is replaced by the downsized Panther-platform generation LTD for 1979.^[5]

Approximately 7,850,000 full-size Fords and Mercurys were sold over the 1969-78 period.^[8][9] This makes it the second best selling Ford automobile platform after the Ford Model T.^[5]

Third generation (1979–1982)

Third generation (Ford Panther)
1979 Ford LTD Landau two-door sedan
Overview
Also called	Ford Custom 500 (Canada)
Production	1978-1982
Model years	1979–1982
Assembly	Hapeville, Georgia Louisville, Kentucky Oakville, Ontario Pico Rivera, California Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
Body and chassis
Body style	2-door sedan 4-door sedan 5-door station wagon
Platform	Ford Panther platform
Related	Ford Country Squire Ford LTD Crown Victoria Mercury Marquis Mercury Grand Marquis Mercury Colony Park
Powertrain
Engine	255 cu in (4.2 L) Windsor V8 302 cu in (4.9 L) 5.0 Windsor V8 351 cu in (5.8 L) Windsor V8
Dimensions
Length	209 inches (5,300 mm) (coupe, sedan) 214.7 inches (5,450 mm) (wagon)
Chronology
Successor	Ford LTD Crown Victoria

For the 1977 model year, General Motors downsized its full-size car lines closely within the exterior size of many intermediates. At the time, Ford marketers took a cynical view that such a radically smaller "full-size car" would turn off buyers; advertisements for LTD and Mercury Marquis touted the "road-hugging weight" of the larger cars and compared their larger dimensions side by side with GM flagship sedan Cadillac Fleetwood Brougham. For owners who would still prefer a downsized big car, Ford offered the "Trim Size LTD II," which was simply a refreshed Torino with stacked quad rectangular headlights and LTD-like styling at the rear.

Ford were taken by surprise when the downsized GM cars proved to be an enormous sales success and along with the advent of CAFE regulations, they were forced to follow suit. Production of the 1979 models began July 31, 1978 at Louisville Assembly, with Atlanta Assembly, Los Angeles Assembly, and Oakville Assembly following suit in August.^[10] Unlike the Chrysler R platform, the Ford Panther platform was completely new from the ground up. The LTD and Marquis lost nearly 15 inches in length and some 400 pounds of curb weight without a significant loss of interior space over the old 1969-vintage platform. Like GM's "downsized" 1977 big cars, the new 1979 LTD featured a trimmer body profile, more nimble handling due to its smaller size, and better fuel economy. Big-block engines were gone and the small-block 302 V8 became standard, with the 351 Windsor V8 optional. However, due to CAFE requirements, the 351 became a police-only option in 1982.^[11] For 1981, to further improve fuel economy (while avoiding diesel or 6-cylinder engines), Ford introduced a 255 cu in (4.2 L) variant of the Windsor V8. The 255 proved an unpopular choice; at 115 hp, its output was ill-suited for the LTD's size and the engine was dropped after 1982. Most LTDs of this era were fitted with a Motorcraft 7200VV two-barrel variable venturi carburetor; a conventional carburetor was available with the police option high-output 351.

In Canada, the Custom 500 continued as the base model through 1981. Low-end cars were identifiable by single rectangular headlamps, while the higher models received duals. For 1980, the LTD S was added as a lower-priced model and the Crown Victoria replaced the Landau on a permanent basis; it had a landau roof with a chrome band, a stylistic element shared with the 1977-79 Thunderbird and ultimately traced back to the 1955 Ford from whence the Crown Victoria name originated. Mercury's contemporary Grand Marquis was equivalently optioned.

In 1982, the LTD got a new grille with the revived Ford blue oval emblem and throttle body fuel injection became available.

For 1983, as part of a major product shift, the LTD and LTD Crown Victoria were split into separate product lines. The LTD was downsized to the Fox platform (along with the Mercury Marquis) to replace the Granada, while the full-size LTD Crown Victoria became a stand-alone model (as did the Mercury Grand Marquis).

1979–1980 Ford LTD S sedan

Fourth generation (1983–1986)

Fourth generation (Ford Fox)
1983-1984 Ford LTD sedan (Shown with aftermarket Ford Mustang wheels)
Overview
Also called	Mercury Marquis Ford Granada (Venezuela) Ford Cougar (Venezuela)
Production	1982–1986
Model years	1983–1986
Assembly	Chicago, Illinois Atlanta, Georgia Valencia, Carabobo, Venezuela
Body and chassis
Body style	4-door sedan 5-door station wagon
Platform	Ford Fox platform
Related	Mercury Marquis Lincoln Continental
Powertrain
Engine	2.3 L Lima I4 3.3 L Thriftpower Six I6 3.8 L Essex V6 4.9L 5.0L Windsor V8
Transmission	3-speed C5 automatic 4-speed AOD automatic
Dimensions
Wheelbase	105.6 in (2,682 mm)
Length	196.5 in (4,991 mm)
Width	71.0 in (1,803 mm)
Height	53.8 in (1,367 mm) (sedan) 54.4 in (1,382 mm) (wagon)
Curb weight	3,001 lb (1,361 kg) (sedan) 3,108 lb (1,410 kg) (wagon)
Chronology
Predecessor	Ford Granada (1981–1982)
Successor	Ford Taurus

1985-1986 Ford LTD Squire station wagon

1985-1986 Ford LTD wagon

Interior photo (1984 model shown)

For model year 1983, Ford introduced the LTD and Mercury Marquis as rebadged variants of the second generation Ford Granada and Mercury Cougar (sedan and wagon), all using the Fox platform. The full-size cars retained only the LTD Crown Victoria and Grand Marquis nameplates; Lincoln followed suit, with the Town Car becoming its sole full-size vehicle in 1983.

As with the Granada, the LTD was available in a four-door sedan and five-door station wagon body styles; no two-door version was produced. At its launch, the LTD/Marquis shared a common engine with the Fairmont and Granada; a 2.3 L Lima 4-cylinder, a 3.3 L Thriftpower Six inline-6, and a 5.0L Windsor V8 (upgraded to fuel injection). Inherited from the Granada was a 3.8 L Essex V6; after 1984, the V6 replaced the inline-6 entirely. For 1984, the V6 gained fuel injection in United States versions (Canadian-market versions remained carbureted until 1986). A rare option, seen only in 1982-84, was an LPG (propane)-powered version of the four-cylinder engine; it was largely discontinued due to poor sales and lack of propane fueling infrastructure.

The LTD became the third-best-selling car in the U.S. in 1983-84. Following the success of the Chrysler K-Cars and the General Motors X-body cars which popularized the use of front-wheel drive in the mid-size segment; the LTD/Marquis was ultimately superseded by the Ford Taurus/Mercury Sable model year 1986, with Ford marketing both the LTD/Marquis and the Ford Taurus for the 1986 model year. The last LTD rolled off the Atlanta, Georgia assembly line on December 13, 1985 and off the Chicago, Illinois assembly line on January 3, 1986.

Brazil

Ford LTD Brazil, 1975

The LTD was built locally in Brazil between 1967 and 1983, based on the 1966 Galaxie platform. A stretch limousine version was assembled locally as well.^{[12] [13]}

Venezuela

The LTD was introduced to the Venezuelan market in 1966, aiming to compete with Chrysler's New Yorker, with the LTD performing much better than its rivals. Over 85,000 LTDs were assembled in the Ford plant of Valencia, Venezuela, some for export to Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru.

Versions of the Fox-body 1983–1986 North American LTD manufactured in Venezuela continued the use of the Granada name complete with uplevel Elite badged versions. There was also a Ford Cougar eqivalent to the North American Mercury Marquis. ^[14][15]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ford LTD.

• LTDworld.com - Ford LTD World
• Four Eyed Pride —- A resource for all early Foxes, including 1983-1986 LTD
• LTD LX Registry and Owners Association —- For the preservation and restoration of 1984 & 1985 Ford LTD LX
• 1979 Ford LTD Landau
• Decode LTD and other classic Ford VINs
• Ford LTD in television and film