Frederikshavn

Frederikshavn
Town
From upper left: Kattegat Silo, Frederikshavn Church, Havnegade, Port of Frederikshavn, Nordre Skanse

Seal
Coat of arms
Frederikshavn
Coordinates: 57°26′28″N 10°32′02″E / 57.441°N 10.534°E / 57.441; 10.534
Country  Denmark
Region North Jutland ("Nordjylland")
Municipality Frederikshavn
City Status 1818
Named for King Frederik VI
Government
 • Type Magistrate
 • Mayor Birgit Hansen (S)
Area[1]
 • Municipal 651.04 km2 (251.37 sq mi)
Elevation 7 m (23 ft)
Population (2018-01-01)[2]
 • Total 23,423
 • Rank Denmark: 39th
Demonym(s) Frederikshavner
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code 9900
Area code(s) (+45) 98
Website Official website

Frederikshavn is a Danish town in Frederikshavn municipality, Region Nordjylland, on the northeast coast of the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. Its name translates to "Frederik's harbor". It was originally named Fladstrand.

The town has a population of 23,423 (1 January 2018),[2] and is an important traffic portal with its ferry connections to Gothenburg in Sweden and Oslo in Norway. The town is well known for fishing, and its fishing and industrial harbours.

Frederikshavn's oldest building, Fiskerklyngen, is originally from the mid-16th century, but the houses now there are from 18th–19th centuries.

A view over Frederikshavn

History

Frederikshavn was originally called Fladstrand (lit. "Flat beach") from its location in Flade parish.[3]:5–6

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1769 525—    
1801 463−0.39%
1850 1,374+2.24%
1870 2,133+2.22%
1880 2,891+3.09%
1890 4,848+5.31%
1901 6,538+2.76%
1911 7,916+1.93%
1916 8,560+1.58%
2010 23,331+1.07%
2018 23,423+0.05%
Source: [4]:95–96[3]:52[2]

Fladstrand

The first mention of a settlement is in a letter dated 13 March 1572 found in the Danish chancery letterbooks.[3]:5 It was a fishing village, trading place and crossing point to Norway.[4]:95

The old Fladstrand church was built between 1686 and 1690.[3]:7 On 31 December 1700 a tax of 500 rigsdaler was put on the town which indicates a fair amount of trade.[3]:8–9

During the Great Nordic War from 1700 to 1721 the town saw a rise in activity as travellers to Norway embarked from here as the route over Sweden was cut. The activity slowly subsided after the war.[3]:12

A royal maritime pilot was stationed at the town from 1733 after King Christian VI was forced to stay in the town due to bad weather on his journey to Norway.[3]:9–10

In 1735 the town was described as a hamlet which supports itself on fishing and beaching of scows and some farming (fæstebønder).[3]:11–12

Military history in 17th, 18th and 19th century

Due to its advantageous proximity to the entrance to the Baltic Sea, Frederikshavn has historically been a naval base of some strategic importance.

Krudttårnet

In 1627 under Kejserkrigen, Melchior von Hatzfeldt troops built a Sconce north of the fishing village.[5][4]:95 The sconce became known as Nordre Skanse and is preserved to this day.[5] After the war this was manned by Danish troops.[4]:95 In 1675 the fortification was expanded with a sconse south of the harbour.[5][4]:95 Between 1686 and 1687 the fortification was expanded again with a heavy tower, a wall and a port. It was described as a citadel. The tower is known as Krudttårnet, (lit. "Gunpowder Tower"). In 1891 the wall and port was demolished, but the tower has been preserved.[4]:95 Krudttårnet is incorporated in the municipality's coat-of-arms.

During the Great Nordic War from 1700 to 1721 Peter Tordenskjold barricaded himself here in his fights against Sweden.[4]:95 In 1712 the Battle of Fladstrand was fought in the nearby sea between Swedish and Danish naval forces.

In 1735, 50 Danish men were stationed at the fortress.[3]:11–12 From the middle of the 18th century the military importance of the citadel was dwindling and some of the fortifications and building was disposed off. It gained new importance during the Gunboat War from 1807 to 1814, but its value diminished again after the war. The citadel was discontinued in 1864.[4]:95

Merchant town

In September 1818 the town received status as a merchant town under the name of Frederikshavn, after King Frederik VI.

Economy

Frederikshavn
Copenhagen
Aarhus
Odense
Aalborg
Esbjerg
Frederikshavn relative to the five larges cities in Denmark. It is north of Aalborg, northwest of Copenhagen and west of Sweden.

Companies in the area include MAN/BW Alpha and the Navy Base Frederikshavn (Flådestation Frederikshavn).

Frederikshavn, like the rest of North Jutland, was hit with hard unemployment. The town's largest workplace, the shipyard Danyard, closed in the late 1990s. This resulted in more than 2,000 workers being unemployed. Today there is still activity at the large ship building area, with many small companies renting space there. In summer 2008, the unemployment rate, like the rest of Denmark, fell to a minimum low record of approximately 2%.

As with many provincial municipalities around the world, some of its young people leave to large urban cities. However, the municipality is currently engaged in many innovative projects which are attracting tourists and aim to retain population.

Frederikshavn is currently beginning a transition to make it the first medium-sized city/large town in the world to rely exclusively on renewable energy resources for power, including transportation and cars. The process is expected to be completed by 2030.[6] As of 2010, the city was powered 18% by renewable energy.[7]

Martin Professional had a large presence before its closure in 2016.[8]

In culture

The Danish term "frederikshavner" (lit. "Someone from Frederikshavn") is used to denote a quality plaice, probably the most popular fish eaten in Denmark.

The drama/thriller series Norskov (2015-2017) was filmed in and around Frederikshavn.[9]

Attractions

  • Bangsbo Museum
  • Frederikshavn Art Museum (Frederikshavn Kunstmuseum)
  • Frederikshavn Shipyard Historical Society (Værftshistorisk Selskab Frederikshavn)
  • Tordenskiold Festival, celebrated since 1998.[10]
  • Lighting Festival, biannual festival.[11]
  • Bangsbo Flower Festival[12]
  • Bangsbo Fort[13]
  • Bangsbo Botanical Garden[14]

Sports

Frederikshavn White Hawks are the local professional ice hockey team playing in the premier Danish ice hockey league, Metal Ligaen.

Infrastructure

Transportation

Rail

Frederikshavn railway station.

Frederikshavn is served by Frederikshavn railway station. It is the terminal train station of the Vendsyssel and Skagen railway lines and offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen, regional train services to Aalborg and local train services to Skagen.

Road

Frederikshavn is the northern end of E 45 in Denmark.

Ferry

Ferry service operated by Stena Line connects the town of Frederikshavn to the city of Oslo in Norway, Göteborg, in Sweden and to Læsø.

Harbours

Port of Frederikshavn

Port of Frederikshavn is the largest harbour in Frederikshavn. It is a commercial port that includes a ferry harbour, a cargo harbour and a large service industry. It has historically been dominated by the shipyard industry and fishing. Frederikshavn was in the late 19th century the dominant harbour for large fishing vessels in Denmark.[15] The European shipyard industry was hit with difficulties in the 1980s and Danyard, the largest shipyard in Frederikshavn closed in December 1999.[16] The site of the former Danyard was over the next 20 years transformed into a business park and the activity gradually went from manufacturing to service.[16]

In 2015 a large expansion of the port was started. The first of three phases was constructed from 2015 to 2018 by contractor Per Aarsleff. The official delivery from the contractor was on 8 June 2018.[17] The public opening will coincide with the towns 200 year anniversary as a merchant town on 25 September 2018.[18] The expansion makes it possible to receive larger ships and offshore installations, handle more bulk material and a flexible area for projects.[19] The first phase added 330.000 square metre hinterland and 600 metre of quay with a water depth 11 metre.[20] Most of the quay and hinterland areas in the first phase have been leased by Louisiana-based Modern American Recycling Services for an 11-year period.[21] Stena Oil is another large costumer. It is building Scandinavia's largest bunkering terminal on the new area.[20]

The planning of the second stage of the expansion was started in June 2017.[22] Construction started in October 2017. It is expected to be completed in early 2019.[20] The second phase will add 150.000 square metre of hinterland and 400 metre of quay. The quay constructed in phase one will be deepened to 14 metre.[20]

When the second phase is complete the total area of the harbour will be 950.000 square metre.[20]

A further expansion in third phase is an option if there is demand.[19]

South of the commercial port is Danish Navy Naval Harbour Frederikshavn. It is home to Danish navy 1st Squadron and Naval Operational Logistic Support Structure, OPLOG FRH. It is also the home location for the training ship Danmark and the royal yacht Dannebrog. It was home to the national icebreakers before their decommission in 2012.[23]

The naval harbour was inaugurated on 2 October 1962.[24]

Marinas

The also town has a number of smaller marinas (listed in order from north to south):

  • Rønner Harbour (Rønnerhavn): pleasureboat, dinghy and fishing harbour
  • Northern Entrenchment Harbour (Nordre Skanse Havn): dinghy harbour
  • Frederikshavn Marina (Frederikshavn Marina): pleasureboat, dinghy and houseboat harbour
  • Neppen's Harbour (Neppens Havn): dinghy harbour

Education

  • EUC Nord - a technical school located partly in Frederikshavn.

Media

Notable people

Connie Nielsen, 2016
Lise Munk, 2016

Sport

International relationships

Frederikshavn has established the following friendship towns (venskabsbyer):

References

  1. ↑ "Area by municipality / region" (in Danish). Statistics Denmark. 15 May 2017. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 "Population 1. January by urban areas, age and sex" (in Danish). Statistics Denmark. 20 Jun 2018. Retrieved 20 Jun 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Jensen, Anders K.; Skjering, H., eds. (1984) [First published 1917]. Frederikshavn ved århundredeskiftet [Frederikshavn at the turn of the century]. Danske Byer og deres Mænd. XIII. Frederikssund: Thorsgaard. ISBN 87-88165-29-9.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Trap, J. P. (1960). Nielsen, Niels; Skautrup, Peter; Engelstoft, Povl, eds. Hørring Amt. Danmark (in Danish). 14 (5 ed.). Gads.
  5. 1 2 3 "Nordre Skanse". Toppen af Danmark (in Danish). Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  6. ↑ Large-scale use of renewable energy - Udenrigsministeriet. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  7. ↑ "Frederikshavn". go100re.net. 100% Renewables. Retrieved 19 May 2017.
  8. ↑ Isen, Marianne. "Martin lukker ved udgangen af marts". www.nordjyske.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 20 Jun 2018.
  9. ↑ http://www.norskovpressetv2.dk/bag-norskovi/
  10. ↑ "Tordenskioldsdage - Året er 1717". Tordenskiold.
  11. ↑ Archived 2008-12-06 at the Wayback Machine.
  12. ↑ "Bangsbo Flower Festival".
  13. ↑ "Kystmuseet-Bangsbo Fort".
  14. ↑ "Bangsbo Botaniske Have".
  15. ↑ Christensen, Erik S. (2012). "Frederikshavn som værftsby for fiskefartøjer 1870-1988". Erhvervhistorisk Årbog (in Danish) (61, No. 2): 47–61. ISSN 2245-1447. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  16. 1 2 Olesen, Thomas Roslyng (2013). "From shipbuilding to alternative maritime industry – The closure of Danyard Frederikshavn in 1999". Erhvervhistorisk Årbog (62, No. 2): 78–96. ISSN 2245-1447. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  17. ↑ Frederiksen, Michael (9 June 2018). "Havnens bestyrelse drøfter ny udvidelse". Kanal Frederikshavn (in Danish). Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  18. ↑ Frederiksen, Michael (6 July 2018). "Kronprins Frederik besøger Frederikshavn". Kanal Frederikshavn (in Danish). Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  19. 1 2 "About the port expansion". Port of Frederikshavn. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "Stena Oil". Port of Frederikshavn. 4 May 2018. Retrieved 13 June 2018.
  21. ↑ Østergaard, Nicolai (19 December 2016). "Skrotgigant fra USA vil hyre 200 i Frederikshavn". Søfart (in Danish). Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  22. ↑ "The Port Prepares another expansion". Port of Frederikshavn. 8 June 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  23. ↑ "Farvel til isbryderne". Forsvaret (in Danish). 2012-12-07. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
  24. ↑ "Flådestation Frederikshavn bygges" (in Danish). Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2018.


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