Ewingella americana

Ewingella americana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Gamma Proteobacteria
Order: Enterobacteriales
Family: Enterobacteriaceae
Genus: Ewingella
Species: E. americana
Binomial name
Ewingella americana
Grimont et al. 1984[1]

Ewingella americana is a Gram-negative rod, and the only species in the genus Ewingella. It was first identified and characterized in 1983. Ewingella is in the family Enterobacteriaceae. The organism is rarely reported as a human pathogen, though it has been isolated from a variety of clinical specimens, including wounds, sputum, urine, stool, blood, synovial fluid,[2] conjunctiva and peritoneal dialysate.[3] The bacterium is named in honor of William H. Ewing, an American biologist who contributed to modern taxonomy.

Epidemiology

Respiratory tract infections following retainment in intensive care units has been observed in several instances. A case of E. americana causing osteomyelitis and septic arthritis of the shoulder joint in a previous intravenous drug abuser has also been reported.[4] Vascular bypass surgery is a reported risk factor for colonization.[5][6] Debate currently exists as to this organism's predilection for immunocompromised patients.[7]

Pathophysiology and biochemistry

E. americana is an organism with simple nutritional needs that can survive in water and citrate solution, and preferentially grows at 4 °C. Domestic sources of water, including air conditioning units, ice baths and wound irrigation systems, have been cited as sources of infection.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Parte, A.C. "Ewingella". Www.bacterio.net.
  2. ↑ Hassan S, Amer S, Mittal C, Sharma R (2012). "Ewingella americana: an emerging true pathogen". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2012: 730720. doi:10.1155/2012/730720. PMC 3384899. PMID 22762003.
  3. ↑ Nam-Hee Ryoo; Jung-Sook Ha; Dong-Seok Jeon; Jae-Ryong Kim; Hyun-Chul Kim. (2005). "A Case of Pneumonia Caused by Ewingella americana in a Patient with Chronic Renal Failure". J Korean Med Sci. 20 (1): 143–5. doi:10.3346/jkms.2005.20.1.143. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 2808562. PMID 15716620.
  4. ↑ Hassan S, Amer S, Mittal C, Sharma R (2012). "Ewingella americana: an emerging true pathogen". Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2012: 730720. doi:10.1155/2012/730720. PMC 3384899. PMID 22762003.
  5. ↑ Bear, N.; K. P. Klugman; L. Tobiansky & H. J. Koornhof (1986). "Wound colonization by Ewingella americana". J. Clin. Microbiol. 23 (3): 650–651. PMC 268717. PMID 3958154.
  6. ↑ Devreese, K.; G. Claeys & G. Verschraegen (1992). "Septicemia with Ewingella americana". J. Clin. Microbiol. 30 (10): 2746–2747. PMC 270514. PMID 1400980.
  7. ↑ Heizmann, W. R.; R. Michel (1991). "Isolation of Ewingella americana from a patient with conjunctivitis". Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 10 (11): 957–959. doi:10.1007/bf02005452. PMID 1794367.
  8. ↑ Farmer, J. J., III; B. R. Davis; F. W. Hickman-Brenner; A. Mc-Whorther; G. P. Huntley-Carter; M. A. Asbury; C. Riddle; H. J. Wathern-Grady; C. Elias; G. R. Fanning; A. G. Steigerwalt; C. M. O’Hara; G. K. Morris; P. B. Smith & D. J. Brenner (1985). "Biochemical identification of new species and biogroups of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical specimens". J. Clin. Microbiol. 21 (1): 46–76. PMC 271578. PMID 3881471.


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