Ewa Kłobukowska
Ewa Kłobukowska (right) at the 1964 Olympics | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nationality | Polish | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Born |
1 October 1946 (age 72) Warsaw, Poland | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Height | 1.70 m (5 ft 7 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weight | 60 kg (132 lb) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sport | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sport | Athletics | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Event(s) | Sprint | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Club | Skra Warszawa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Achievements and titles | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Personal best(s) |
100 m – 11.1 (1965) 200 m – 22.9 (1967)[1] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Medal record
|
Ewa Kłobukowska (born 1 October 1946) is a former Polish sprinter. She competed at the 1964 Olympics in the 4×100 m relay and 100 m sprint and won a gold and a bronze medal, respectively.[2] She also won two gold and one silver medal at the 1966 European Championships. Kłobukowska set three world records, one in the 100 m (11.1 s, 9 July 1965 in Prague) and two in the 4×100 m relay (44.2 s, 13 September 1964, Lodz and 43.6 s, 21 October 1964, Tokyo). They were annulled by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) after she failed a gender identification test in 1967, though the test procedures were later found to be inadequate.[3][4]
Personal life
Kłobukowska was born in a family of intellectuals. In 1965 she graduated from a Technical School of Economics No. 6 and in 1972 from the Warsaw School of Economics.[3]
Intersex condition
Kłobukowska failed a traditional gender test for European Cup women's track and field competition in Kiev in 1967 and was subsequently banned from competing in professional sports.[5] According to the IAAF she had "one chromosome too many." Medical publications revealed that Klobukowska is a genetic mosaic of XX/XXY. If she had been tested one year later at the Mexico Olympics she would have been eligible on the grounds that she was Barr Body positive. Klobukowska has a Barr Body in all of her cells. Athletes without such a Barr Body (inactive X-chromosome) were suspended from competition by 1968 in Mexico City. Her humiliation led to a change in the gender verification policies by the International Olympic Committee, which from then on kept test results secret.[6]
IAAF erased the three world records set by Kłobukowska, including the two team records in the 4×100 m relay.[3][7]
See also
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ewa Kłobukowska. |
- ↑ Ewa Klobukowska. trackfield.brinkster.net
- ↑ Ewa Kłobukowska. sports-reference.com
- 1 2 3 Kłobukowska Ewa. Polish Olympic Committee
- ↑ Ritchie, R.; Reynard, J.; Lewis, T. (2008). "Intersex and the Olympic Games". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 101 (8): 395. doi:10.1258/jrsm.2008.080086. PMC 2500237.
- ↑ Ferguson-Smith, M A; Ferris, E A (1991). "Gender verification in sport: The need for change?". British Journal of Sports Medicine. 25 (1): 17–20. doi:10.1136/bjsm.25.1.17. PMC 1478807. PMID 1817477.
- ↑ Schultz, Jaime (2012). "Disciplining Sex: 'Gender Verification' Policies and Women's Sports". In Helen Jefferson Lenskyj. The Palgrave Handbook of Olympic Studies. Stephen Wagg. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 443–60. ISBN 9780230367463. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
- ↑ Athletics at the 1964 Tokyo Summer Games: Women's 4 × 100 metres Relay. sports-reference.com