Euura viminalis

Euura viminalis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Tenthredinidae
Genus: Euura
Species: E. viminalis
Binomial name
Euura viminalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms

Cynips viminalis Linnaeus, 1758
Pontania viminalis Benson (1958)
Pontania (Eupontania) viminalis Zinovjev (1985)
Pontania (Pontania) viminalis Viitasaari & Vikberg (1985)
Nematus (Pontania) viminalis Zhelochovtsev (1988)
Eupontania viminalis Vikberg (2003)
Euura viminalis Beneš (2015)
Nematus vollenhoveni Cameron, 1874
Nematus interstitialis Cameron, 1876
Pontania viminalis var. xanthaspis Enslin, 1915
Pontania hungarica Enslin, 1918[1]

Euura viminalis is a species of sawfly belonging to the family Tenthredinidae (common sawflies). The larva feed within galls on the leaves of willows (Salix species). It was first described by Linnaeus in 1758.

Description of the gall

The gall is found on the underside of a leaf of the host plant. It is egg-shaped when young, becomes globular as it matures, has brown warts and is usually hairless. It can have a diameter of up to 5 mm and can have a red tinge. On the upperside of the leaf there is a brownish circular depression. The galls can be found on the leaves of osier (Salix viminalis) and purple willow (Salix purpurea).[2][3]

Distribution

This species is found in most of south and central Europe north to southern Sweden. Common in Great Britain and Ireland.[1][3]

Inquilines and predators

Three weevils have been found living in the galls, Melanapion mininum, Archarias crux and A. salicivorus.[4] The larva of the chalcid wasp, Eurytoma aciculata lives in the gall and kills the sawfly larvae.[5] The tortricid moth, Gypsonoma dealbana usually feeds on various parts of willow but have been found inside the gall, killing the larvae.[6]

References

  1. 1 2 Liston, Andrew D; Heibo, Erik; Prous, Marko; Vardal, Hege; Nyman, Tommi; Vikberg, Veli (2017). "North European gall-inducing Euura sawflies (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae, Nematinae)". Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4302 (1): 99–100. ISSN 1175-5334.
  2. ↑ Chinery, Michael (2011). Britain's Plant Galls. Old Basing, Hampshire: WildGuides Ltd. p. 66. ISBN 978 190365743 0.
  3. 1 2 Redfern, Margaret; Shirley, Peter; Bloxham, Michael (2011). British Plant Galls (Second ed.). Shrewsbury: FSC Publications. pp. 282–299. ISBN 978 1 85153 284 1.
  4. ↑ Ellis, W N. "Euura viminalis (Linnaeus, 1758)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  5. ↑ Ellis, W E. "Eurytoma aciculata Ratzeburg, 1848". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  6. ↑ Ellis, W E. "Gypsonoma dealbana (Fröhlich,1828)". Plant Parasites of Europe. Retrieved 1 September 2018.


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