Ethanol (data page)
This page provides supplementary chemical data on ethanol. Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
Material Safety Data Sheet
Structure and properties
Structure and properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Index of refraction, n25 | 1.361 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dielectric constant, εr | 24.3 ε0 at 20 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bond strength | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bond length | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bond angle | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Magnetic susceptibility[1] | 5.8·10−7 (cgs units, volume) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Surface tension | 22.39 dyn/cm at 25 °C | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Viscosity[2] |
|
Thermodynamic properties
Phase behavior | |
---|---|
Triple point | 150 K (−123 °C), 0.00043 Pa |
Critical point | 514 K (241 °C), 63 bar |
Std enthalpy change of fusion, ΔfusH |
+4.9 kJ/mol |
Std entropy change of fusion, ΔfusS |
+31 J/(mol·K) |
Std enthalpy change of vaporization, ΔvapH |
+38.56 kJ/mol |
Std entropy change of vaporization, ΔvapS |
109.67 J/(mol·K) |
Molal freezing point constant | -1.99 °C kg/mol |
Solid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
-277.7 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
160.7 J/(mol K)[3] |
Heat capacity, cp | 111.46 J/(mol K) [3] |
Liquid properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
−277.38 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
159.9 J/(mol K) |
Enthalpy of combustion, ΔcH |
-1370.7 kJ/mol |
Heat capacity, cp | 112.4 J/(mol K) |
Gas properties | |
Std enthalpy change of formation, ΔfH |
−235.3 kJ/mol |
Standard molar entropy, S |
283 J/(mol K) |
Heat capacity,[4][5] cp | 78.28 J/(mol K) at 90 °C 87.53 J/(mol K) at 110-220 °C |
Heat capacity ratio,[4][5] γ = cp/cv |
1.13 at 90 °C |
van der Waals' constants[6] | a = 1217.9 L2 kPa/mol2 b = 0.08407 L/mol |
Spectral data
UV-Vis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
λmax | ? nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Extinction coefficient, ε | ? | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
IR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Major absorption bands[7] |
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
NMR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Proton NMR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Carbon-13 NMR | http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/cgi-bin/IMG.cgi?fname=CDS00245&imgdir=cdsW; | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other NMR data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
MS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Masses of main fragments |
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Vapor pressure of liquid
P in mm Hg | 1 | 10 | 40 | 100 | 400 | 760 | 1520 | 3800 | 7600 | 15200 | 30400 | 45600 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P in Pa | 133.3 | 1333 | 5333 | 13332 | 53329 | 101325 | 202650 | 506625 | 1013250 | 2026500 | 4053000 | 6079501 |
T in °C | −31.3 | −2.3 | 19.0 | 34.9 | 63.5 | 78.4 | 97.5 | 126.0 | 151.8 | 183.0 | 218.0 | 242.0 |
T in K | 241.85 | 270.85 | 292.15 | 308.05 | 336.65 | 351.55 | 370.65 | 399.15 | 424.95 | 456.15 | 491.15 | 515.15 |
|
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Density of ethanol at various temperatures
Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.
T °C | ρ, g/cm3 | T °C | ρ, g/cm3 | T °C | ρ, g/cm3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 | 0.80374 | 16 | 0.79283 | 29 | 0.78182 |
4 | 0.80290 | 17 | 0.79198 | 30 | 0.78097 |
5 | 0.80207 | 18 | 0.79114 | 31 | 0.78012 |
6 | 0.80123 | 19 | 0.79029 | 32 | 0.77927 |
7 | 0.80039 | 20 | 0.78945 | 33 | 0.77841 |
8 | 0.79956 | 21 | 0.78860 | 34 | 0.77756 |
9 | 0.79872 | 22 | 0.78775 | 35 | 0.77671 |
10 | 0.79788 | 23 | 0.78691 | 36 | 0.77585 |
11 | 0.79704 | 24 | 0.78606 | 37 | 0.77500 |
12 | 0.79620 | 25 | 0.78522 | 38 | 0.77414 |
39 | 0.77329 | 40 | 0.77244 |
These data correlate as ρ [g/cm3] = −8.461834×10−4 T [°C] + 0.8063372 with an R2 = 0.99999.
Properties of aqueous ethanol solutions
Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed.
Mass fraction, % |
Volume fraction, % |
Concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C | Density relative to 4 °C water | Density at 20 °C relative to water | Density at 25 °C relative to water | Freezing temperature, °C | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C | ||||||
0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.99973 | 0.99823 | 0.99708 | 0.99568 | 1.00000 | 1.00000 | 0 |
1.0 | 0.99785 | 0.99636 | 0.99520 | 0.99379 | 0.99813 | 0.99811 | |||
2.0 | 0.99602 | 0.99453 | 0.99336 | 0.99194 | 0.99629 | 0.99627 | |||
2.5 | 3.13 | 0.99363 | −1 | ||||||
3.0 | 0.99426 | 0.99275 | 0.99157 | 0.99014 | 0.99451 | 0.99447 | |||
4.0 | 5.00 | 3.97 | 0.99258 | 0.99103 | 0.98984 | 0.98839 | 0.99279 | 0.99274 | |
4.8 | 6.00 | 4.76 | 0.98971 | −2 | |||||
5.0 | 0.99098 | 0.98938 | 0.98817 | 0.98670 | 0.99113 | 0.99106 | |||
5.05 | 6.30 | 5.00 | 0.98930 | ||||||
6.0 | 0.98946 | 0.98780 | 0.98656 | 0.98507 | 0.98955 | 0.98945 | |||
6.8 | 8.47 | 0.98658 | −3 | ||||||
7.0 | 0.98801 | 0.98627 | 0.98500 | 0.98347 | 0.98802 | 0.98788 | |||
8.0 | 0.98660 | 0.98478 | 0.98346 | 0.98189 | 0.98653 | 0.98634 | |||
9.0 | 0.98524 | 0.98331 | 0.98193 | 0.98031 | 0.98505 | 0.98481 | |||
10.0 | 12.40 | 9.84 | 0.98393 | 0.98187 | 0.98043 | 0.97575 | 0.98361 | 0.98330 | |
11.0 | 0.98267 | 0.98047 | 0.97897 | 0.97723 | 0.98221 | 0.98184 | |||
11.3 | 14.0 | 11.11 | 0.98006 | −5 | |||||
12.0 | 15.0 | 0.98145 | 0.97910 | 0.97753 | 0.97573 | 0.98084 | 0.98039 | ||
13.0 | 0.98026 | 0.97775 | 0.97611 | 0.97424 | 0.97948 | 0.97897 | |||
13.78 | 17.00 | 13.49 | −6.1 | ||||||
14.0 | 0.97911 | 0.97643 | 0.97472 | 0.97278 | 0.97816 | 0.97757 | |||
15.0 | 0.97800 | 0.97514 | 0.97334 | 0.97133 | 0.97687 | 0.97619 | |||
15.02 | 18.50 | 14.68 | 0.97511 | ||||||
16.0 | 0.97692 | 0.97387 | 0.97199 | 0.96990 | 0.97560 | 0.97484 | |||
16.4 | 20.2 | 0.97336 | −7.5 | ||||||
17.0 | 0.97583 | 0.97259 | 0.97062 | 0.96844 | 0.97431 | 0.97346 | |||
17.5 | 21.5 | 0.97194 | −8.7 | ||||||
18.0 | 22.10 | 17.54 | 0.97473 | 0.97129 | 0.96923 | 0.96697 | 0.97301 | 0.97207 | |
18.8 | 23.1 | 0.97024 | −9.4 | ||||||
19.0 | 0.97363 | 0.96997 | 0.96782 | 0.96547 | 0.97169 | 0.97065 | |||
20.0 | 0.97252 | 0.96864 | 0.96639 | 0.96395 | 0.97036 | 0.96922 | |||
20.01 | 24.50 | 19.44 | 0.96863 | ||||||
20.3 | 24.8 | 0.96823 | −10.6 | ||||||
21.0 | 0.97139 | 0.96729 | 0.96495 | 0.96242 | 0.96901 | 0.96778 | |||
22.0 | 0.97024 | 0.96592 | 0.96348 | 0.96087 | 0.96763 | 0.96630 | |||
22.11 | 27.00 | 21.43 | 0.96578 | −12.2 | |||||
23.0 | 0.96907 | 0.96453 | 0.96199 | 0.95929 | 0.96624 | 0.96481 | |||
24.0 | 0.96787 | 0.96312 | 0.96048 | 0.95769 | 0.96483 | 0.96329 | |||
24.2 | 29.5 | 0.96283 | −14.0 | ||||||
25.0 | 30.40 | 24.12 | 0.96665 | 0.96168 | 0.95895 | 0.95607 | 0.96339 | 0.96176 | |
26.0 | 0.96539 | 0.96020 | 0.95738 | 0.95422 | 0.96190 | 0.96018 | |||
26.7 | 32.4 | 0.95914 | −16.0 | ||||||
27.0 | 0.96406 | 0.95867 | 0.95576 | 0.95272 | 0.96037 | 0.95856 | |||
28.0 | 33.90 | 26.90 | 0.96268 | 0.95710 | 0.95410 | 0.95098 | 0.95880 | 0.95689 | |
29.0 | 0.96125 | 0.95548 | 0.95241 | 0.94922 | 0.95717 | 0.95520 | |||
29.9 | 36.1 | 0.95400 | −18.9 | ||||||
30.0 | 36.20 | 28.73 | 0.95977 | 0.95382 | 0.95067 | 0.94741 | 0.95551 | 0.95345 | |
31.0 | 0.95823 | 0.95212 | 0.94890 | 0.94557 | 0.95381 | 0.95168 | |||
32.0 | 0.95665 | 0.95038 | 0.94709 | 0.94370 | 0.95207 | 0.94986 | |||
33.0 | 0.95502 | 0.94860 | 0.94525 | 0.94180 | 0.95028 | 0.94802 | |||
33.8 | 40.5 | 0.94715 | −23.6 | ||||||
34.0 | 0.95334 | 0.94679 | 0.94337 | 0.93986 | 0.94847 | 0.94613 | |||
35.0 | 0.95162 | 0.94494 | 0.94146 | 0.93790 | 0.94662 | 0.94422 | |||
35.04 | 41.90 | 33.25 | 0.94486 | ||||||
36.0 | 0.94986 | 0.94306 | 0.93952 | 0.93591 | 0.94473 | 0.94227 | |||
37.0 | 0.94805 | 0.94114 | 0.93756 | 0.93390 | 0.94281 | 0.94031 | |||
38.0 | 0.94620 | 0.93919 | 0.93556 | 0.93186 | 0.94086 | 0.93830 | |||
39.0 | 46.3 | 0.94431 | 0.93720 | 0.93353 | 0.92979 | 0.93886 | 0.93626 | −28.7 | |
40.0 | 0.94238 | 0.93518 | 0.93148 | 0.92770 | 0.93684 | 0.93421 | |||
40.04 | 47.40 | 37.61 | 0.93510 | ||||||
41.0 | 0.94042 | 0.93314 | 0.92940 | 0.92558 | 0.93479 | 0.93212 | |||
42.0 | 0.93842 | 0.93107 | 0.92729 | 0.92344 | 0.93272 | 0.93001 | |||
43.0 | 0.93639 | 0.92897 | 0.92516 | 0.92128 | 0.93062 | 0.92787 | |||
44.0 | 0.93433 | 0.92685 | 0.92301 | 0.91910 | 0.92849 | 0.92571 | |||
45.0 | 0.93226 | 0.92472 | 0.92085 | 0.91692 | 0.92636 | 0.92355 | |||
45.31 | 53.00 | 42.07 | 0.92406 | ||||||
46.0 | 0.93017 | 0.92257 | 0.91868 | 0.91472 | 0.92421 | 0.92137 | |||
46.3 | 53.8 | 0.92193 | −33.9 | ||||||
47.0 | 0.92806 | 0.92041 | 0.91649 | 0.91250 | 0.92204 | 0.91917 | |||
48.0 | 0.92593 | 0.91823 | 0.91429 | 0.91028 | 0.91986 | 0.91697 | |||
49.0 | 0.92379 | 0.91604 | 0.91208 | 0.90805 | 0.91766 | 0.91475 | |||
50.0 | 0.92162 | 0.91384 | 0.90985 | 0.90580 | 0.91546 | 0.91251 | |||
50.16 | 58.0 | 46.04 | 0.91349 | ||||||
51.0 | 0.91943 | 0.91160 | 0.90760 | 0.90353 | 0.91322 | 0.91026 | |||
52.0 | 0.91723 | 0.90936 | 0.90524 | 0.90125 | 0.91097 | 0.90799 | |||
53.0 | 0.91502 | 0.90711 | 0.90307 | 0.89896 | 0.90872 | 0.90571 | |||
54.0 | 0.91279 | 0.90485 | 0.90079 | 0.89667 | 0.90645 | 0.90343 | |||
55.0 | 0.91055 | 0.90258 | 0.89850 | 0.89437 | 0.90418 | 0.90113 | |||
55.16 | 63.0 | 50.00 | 0.90220 | ||||||
56.0 | 0.90831 | 0.90031 | 0.89621 | 0.89206 | 0.90191 | 0.89833 | |||
56.1 | 63.6 | 0.90008 | −41.0 | ||||||
57.0 | 0.90607 | 0.89803 | 0.89392 | 0.88975 | 0.89962 | 0.89654 | |||
58.0 | 0.90381 | 0.89574 | 0.89162 | 0.88744 | 0.89733 | 0.89423 | |||
59.0 | 0.90154 | 0.89344 | 0.88931 | 0.88512 | 0.89502 | 0.89191 | |||
60.0 | 0.89927 | 0.89113 | 0.88699 | 0.88278 | 0.89271 | 0.88959 | |||
60.33 | 68.0 | 53.98 | 0.89038 | ||||||
61.0 | 0.89898 | 0.88882 | 0.88466 | 0.88044 | 0.89040 | 0.88725 | |||
62.0 | 0.89468 | 0.88650 | 0.88233 | 0.87809 | 0.88807 | 0.88491 | |||
63.0 | 0.89237 | 0.88417 | 0.87998 | 0.87574 | 0.88574 | 0.88256 | |||
64.0 | 0.89006 | 0.88183 | 0.87763 | 0.87337 | 0.88339 | 0.88020 | |||
65.0 | 0.88774 | 0.87948 | 0.87527 | 0.87100 | 0.88104 | 0.87783 | |||
66.0 | 0.88541 | 0.87713 | 0.87291 | 0.86863 | 0.87869 | 0.87547 | |||
67.0 | 0.88308 | 0.87477 | 0.87054 | 0.86625 | 0.87632 | 0.87309 | |||
68.0 | 0.88071 | 0.87241 | 0.86817 | 0.86387 | 0.87396 | 0.87071 | |||
69.0 | 0.87839 | 0.87004 | 0.86579 | 0.86148 | 0.87158 | 0.86833 | |||
70.0 | 0.87602 | 0.86766 | 0.86340 | 0.85908 | 0.86920 | 0.86593 | |||
71.0 | 0.87365 | 0.86527 | 0.86100 | 0.85667 | 0.86680 | 0.86352 | |||
71.9 | 78.3 | 0.86311 | −51.3 | ||||||
72.0 | 0.87127 | 0.86287 | 0.85859 | 0.85426 | 0.86440 | 0.86110 | |||
73.0 | 0.86888 | 0.86047 | 0.85618 | 0.85184 | 0.86200 | 0.85869 | |||
74.0 | 0.86648 | 0.85806 | 0.85376 | 0.84941 | 0.85958 | 0.85626 | |||
75.0 | 0.86408 | 0.85564 | 0.85135 | 0.84698 | 0.85716 | 0.85383 | |||
76.0 | 0.86168 | 0.85322 | 0.84891 | 0.84455 | 0.85473 | 0.85140 | |||
77.0 | 0.85927 | 0.85079 | 0.84647 | 0.84211 | 0.85230 | 0.84895 | |||
78.0 | 0.85685 | 0.84835 | 0.84403 | 0.83966 | 0.84985 | 0.84650 | |||
79.0 | 0.85422 | 0.84590 | 0.84158 | 0.83720 | 0.84740 | 0.84404 | |||
80.0 | 0.85197 | 0.84344 | 0.83911 | 0.83473 | 0.84494 | 0.84157 | |||
81.0 | 0.84950 | 0.84096 | 0.83664 | 0.83224 | 0.84245 | 0.83909 | |||
82.0 | 0.84702 | 0.83848 | 0.83415 | 0.82974 | 0.83997 | 0.83659 | |||
83.0 | 0.84453 | 0.83599 | 0.83164 | 0.82724 | 0.83747 | 0.83408 | |||
84.0 | 0.84203 | 0.83348 | 0.82913 | 0.82473 | 0.83496 | 0.83156 | |||
85.0 | 0.83951 | 0.83095 | 0.82660 | 0.82220 | 0.83242 | 0.82902 | |||
86.0 | 0.83697 | 0.82840 | 0.82405 | 0.81965 | 0.82987 | 0.82646 | |||
87.0 | 0.83441 | 0.82554 | 0.82148 | 0.81708 | 0.82729 | 0.82389 | |||
88.0 | 0.83181 | 0.82323 | 0.81888 | 0.81448 | 0.82469 | 0.82128 | |||
89.0 | 0.82919 | 0.82062 | 0.81626 | 0.81186 | 0.82207 | 0.81865 | |||
90.0 | 0.82654 | 0.81797 | 0.81362 | 0.80922 | 0.81942 | 0.81600 | |||
91.00 | 94.00 | 74.62 | 0.82386 | 0.81529 | 0.81094 | 0.80655 | 0.81674 | 0.81331 | |
92.0 | 0.82114 | 0.81257 | 0.80823 | 0.80384 | 0.81401 | 0.81060 | |||
93.0 | 0.81839 | 0.80983 | 0.80549 | 0.80111 | 0.81127 | 0.80785 | |||
94.0 | 0.81561 | 0.80705 | 0.80272 | 0.79835 | 0.80848 | 0.80507 | |||
95.0 | 0.81278 | 0.80424 | 0.79991 | 0.79555 | 0.80567 | 0.80225 | |||
96.0 | 0.80991 | 0.80138 | 0.79706 | 0.79271 | 0.80280 | 0.79939 | |||
97.0 | 0.80698 | 0.79846 | 0.79415 | 0.78981 | 0.79988 | 0.79648 | |||
98.0 | 0.80399 | 0.79547 | 0.79117 | 0.78684 | 0.79688 | 0.79349 | |||
99.0 | 0.80094 | 0.79243 | 0.78814 | 0.78382 | 0.79383 | 0.79045 | |||
100.0 | 100.0 | 79.39 | 0.79784 | 0.78934 | 0.78506 | 0.78075 | 0.79074 | 0.78736 | −114.3 |
Mass fraction, % |
Volume fraction, % |
Concentration, g/(100 ml) at 15.56 °C | Density relative to 4 °C water | Density at 20 °C relative to water | Density at 25 °C relative to water | Freezing temperature, °C | |||
10 °C | 20 °C | 25 °C | 30 °C |
Boiling points of aqueous solutions
Data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry 44th ed., p2391
BP °C | Weight % ethanol | BP °C | Weight % ethanol | |||
liquid | vapor | liquid | vapor | |||
78.1 | 95.5‡ | 95.5‡ | ||||
78.2 | 91 | 92 | 86.5 | 18 | 71 | |
78.4 | 85 | 89 | 87.0 | 17 | 70 | |
78.6 | 82 | 88 | 87.5 | 16 | 69 | |
78.8 | 80 | 87 | 88.0 | 15 | 68 | |
79.0 | 78 | 86 | 88.5 | 13 | 67 | |
79.2 | 76 | 85 | 89.0 | 12 | 65 | |
79.4 | 74 | 85 | 89.5 | 11 | 63 | |
79.6 | 72 | 84 | 90.0 | 10 | 61 | |
79.8 | 69 | 84 | 90.5 | 10 | 59 | |
80.0 | 67 | 83 | 91.0 | 9 | 57 | |
80.2 | 64 | 83 | 91.5 | 8 | 55 | |
80.4 | 62 | 82 | 92.0 | 8 | 53 | |
80.6 | 59 | 82 | 92.5 | 7 | 51 | |
80.8 | 56 | 81 | 93.0 | 6 | 49 | |
81.0 | 53 | 81 | 93.5 | 6 | 46 | |
81.2 | 50 | 80 | 94.0 | 5 | 44 | |
81.4 | 47 | 80 | 94.5 | 5 | 42 | |
81.6 | 45 | 80 | 95.0 | 4 | 39 | |
81.8 | 43 | 79 | 95.5 | 4 | 36 | |
82.0 | 41 | 79 | 96.0 | 3 | 33 | |
82.5 | 36 | 78 | 96.5 | 3 | 30 | |
83.0 | 33 | 78 | 97.0 | 2 | 27 | |
83.5 | 30 | 77 | 97.5 | 2 | 23 | |
84.0 | 27 | 77 | 98.0 | 1 | 19 | |
84.5 | 25 | 75 | 98.5 | 1 | 15 | |
85.0 | 23 | 74 | 99.0 | < 1 | 10 | |
85.5 | 21 | 73 | 99.5 | < 1 | 5 | |
86.0 | 20 | 72 | 100.0 | 0 | 0 |
Charts
Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction) | Heat of mixing of the mixture of ethanol and water | Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope) |
Solid–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including eutecticum) | Miscibility gap in the mixture of dodecane and ethanol |
References
- ↑ NMR-002: Sample Devices and Magnetic Susceptibility
- ↑ "Pure Component Properties" (Queriable database). Chemical Engineering Research Information Center. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
- 1 2 Atkins, Peter (2010). Atkins' Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. pp. 913–947.
- 1 2 Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
- 1 2 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. pp 2582-2584
- ↑ Lange's Handbook of Chemistry 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
- ↑ "Spectral Database for Organic Compounds" (Queriable database). Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Retrieved 9 June 2007.
- Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), http://webbook.nist.gov
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