Ertuğrul

Ertuğrul
ارطغرل
Ghazi
Ertuğrul on a 2001 Turkmen coin
Successor Osman I
Born Unknown[1]
Died 1280
Söğüt, Sultanate of Rum
Burial Tomb of Ertuğrul Gazi, Söğüt
Spouse Halime Hatun
Issue Osman I
Gündüz Alp
Saru Batu Savci Bey
Father Suleyman Shah
Mother Hayme Hatun
Religion Sunni Islam

Ertugrul (Ottoman Turkish: ارطغرل‎, Turkish: Ertuğrul Gazi, Erṭoġrıl; often with the title Gazi) (died c. 1280[2]) was the father of Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. While his historicity is proven by coins minted by Osman I which identify Ertuğrul as the name of his father, nothing else is known for certain about his life or activities.[3] According to Ottoman tradition,[1] he was the son of Suleyman Shah, leader of the Kayı tribe of Oghuz Turks, who fled from eastern Iran to Anatolia to escape the Mongol conquests. According to this legend, after the death of his father, Ertuğrul and his followers entered the service of the Seljuks of Rum, for which he was rewarded with dominion over the town of Söğüt on the frontier with the Byzantine Empire.[4] This set off the chain of events that would ultimately lead to the founding of the Ottoman Empire. Like his son, Osman, and their descendants, Ertuğrul is often referred to as a Ghazi,[5] a heroic champion fighter for the cause of Islam.

Biography

Tomb of Ertuğrul Gazi

Nothing is known with certainty about Ertuğrul's life, except that he existed and was the father of Osman, the first ruler of what was to become the Ottoman Empire. Historians are thus forced to rely upon stories written about him by the Ottomans more than a century later, which are of questionable accuracy.[3] According to these later traditions, Ertuğrul was chief of the Kayı tribe[6] of Oghuz Turks, as a result of his assistance to the Seljuks against the Byzantines. Ertuğrul was granted lands in Karaca Dağ, a mountainous area near Angora (now Ankara), by Ala ad-Din Kay Qubadh I, the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. One account indicates that the Seljuk leader's rationale for granting Ertuğrul land was for Ertuğrul to repel any hostile incursion from the Byzantines or other adversary.[7] Later, he received the village of Söğüt which he conquered together with the surrounding lands. That village, where he later died, became the Ottoman capital under his son Osman I. Ertuğrul had two other sons, Saru Batu Savcı Bey and Gündüz Bey.

Legacy

A tomb and mosque dedicated to Ertuğrul is said to have been built by Osman I at Söğüt, but due to several rebuildings nothing certain can be said about the origin of these structures. The current mausoleum was built by sultan Abdul Hamid II in the late nineteenth century. The town of Söğüt celebrates an annual festival to the memory of the early Osmans.[8]

The Ottoman Navy frigate Ertuğrul, launched in 1863, was named after him. The Ertuğrul Gazi Mosque in Asgabat, Turkmenistan, completed in 1998, is also named in his honor.

Depictions

The Turkish television series Diriliş: Ertuğrul is based on his life. Ertuğrul is portrayed by Engin Altan Düzyatan in the series.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Kermeli, Eugenia (2009). "Osman I". In Ágoston, Gábor; Bruce Masters. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. p. 444. Reliable information regarding Osman is scarce. His birth date is unknown and his symbolic significance as the father of the dynasty has encouraged the development of mythic tales regarding the ruler’s life and origins
  2. ↑ Shaw, Stanford J.; Shaw, Ezel Kural (29 October 1976). "History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808". Cambridge University Press. p. 13. Retrieved 14 June 2018 – via Google Books.
  3. 1 2 Lindner, Rudi P. (1983). Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. p. 21. No source provides a firm and factual recounting of the deeds of Osman's father.
    • Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. pp. 60, 122.
  4. ↑ Shaw, Stanford (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. The problem of Ottoman origins has preoccupied students of history, but because of both the absence of contemporary source materials and conflicting accounts written subsequent to the events there seems to be no basis for a definitive statement. The traditional account relates that the ancestor of the dynasty was one Gündüz Beg, leader of the Kayı tribe of Turcomans...
  5. ↑ Southeastern Europe under Ottoman rule, 1354-1804, By Peter F. Sugar, pg.14
  6. ↑ Shaw, Stanford (1976). History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey. Cambridge University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780521291637.
    • "Ottoman Empire". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
  7. ↑ Ali Anooshahr, The Ghazi Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam, pg. 157
  8. ↑ Finkel, Caroline (19 July 2012). "Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire 1300-1923". Hodder & Stoughton. Retrieved 1 September 2017 – via Google Books.

Bibliography

  • Ágoston, Gábor; Bruce Masters, eds. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-6259-1.
  • Lindner, Rudi P. (1983). Nomads and Ottomans in Medieval Anatolia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-933070-12-8.
  • Kafadar, Cemal (1995). Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20600-7.
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