Energy in the Middle East

Energy in the Middle East describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in the Middle East. Energy policy of the Middle East will describe the politics of the Middle East related to energy more in detail.

Primary energy use

Primary energy in the Middle East 2008[1]
# TWh Capita Capita growth
2004-2008		 TWh/million
1Iran2,35071.967.4%33
2Saudi Arabia1,87924.652.9%76
3Turkey1,14671.08-1.0 %16
4Egypt82281.5312.2%10
5United Arab Emirates6804.483.7%152
6Iraq39528.2211.2%14
7Kuwait3062.7311.0 %112
8Qatar2811.2864.1 %219
9Israel25617.317.5%15
10Syria22921,2314.3 %11
11Oman1912.7910.3%69
12Bahrain1070.776.9 %139
13Yemen8723.0513.4%4
14Jordan825.918.6%14
15Lebanon614.1416.9 %15
16Cyprus300.80-3.6 %38
Mtoe = 11.63 TWh. Prim. energy includes energy losses

Energy export

Energy export from the Middle East in 2010 [2]
# TWh %
1 Saudi Arabia4,55137.2%
2 Qatar1,74814.3%
3 Iran1,57412.9%
4 Kuwait1,1599.5%
5 United Arab Emirates1,1299.2%
6 Iraq1,0178.3%
7 Oman6175.0%
8 Egypt1641.3%
9 Yemen1391.1%
10 Bahrain790.6%
11 Syria510.4%
Total: Middle East12,228100%

Energy export from the Middle East in 2010 was 12,228 TWh. The major exporters were Saudi Arabia 37.2%, Qatar 14.3% and Iran 12.9%.[2]

Oil

In 2009 the largest share of oil production was in the Middle East (24 million barrels daily, or 31 per cent of global production. According to Transparency International based on BP data regionally the largest share of proved oil reserves is in the Middle East (754 billion barrels, constituting 51 per cent of global reserves including oil sands and 57 per cent excluding them). According to BP of the world oil reserves were in Saudi Arabia 18%, Iran 9%, Iraq 8%, Kuwait 7% and UAE 7%.[3]

In June 2015, Jim Hollis, CEO of NEOS, during “Oil and Gas: Governance and Integration” forum, stated that Lebanon’s potential offshore natural gas reserves are estimated at 25 trillion cubic feet, according to initial estimates carried out in the country’s exclusive economic zone.

Natural gas

Middle Eastern countries possess about 41 per cent of natural gas reserves. According to BP in 2009 of the proved gas reserves were in Iran 16% and Qatar 14%.[3]

Business

Major energy companies in the Middle East include Saudi Aramco, Qatar Petroleum, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation KPC and National Iranian Oil Company NIOC.

Climate change

Several Middle Eastern countries are among the world's top carbon dioxide emitters per capita: World dirty top countries were in 2009 (tonnes/capita): 1) Gibraltar 152, 2) Virgin Islands U,S 114, 3) Qatar 80, 4) Netherlands Antilles 51, 5) Bahrain 43. 6) United Arab Emirates 40, 7) Trinidad and Tobago 39, Singapore 34 and Kuwait 32.[4] All emissions from building and cement production are local but some people may argue that some United Arab Emirates produced fuels and/or goods are consumed abroad.[5] One of the biggest sources of emissions in the Middle East is air conditioning, a virtual necessity in the region's often torrid climate. Per capita use of air conditioning in the Middle East is currently far lower than in the United States, but is expected to increase.[6]

References

  1. ↑ IEA Key energy statistics 2010 Page: Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  2. 1 2 IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2012, Country specific indicator numbers from page 48
  3. 1 2 2011 report on oil and gas companies, Promoting revenue Transparency Transparency International 2011 pages 113-115
  4. ↑ World carbon dioxide emissions data by country: China speeds ahead of the rest Guardian 31 January 2011
  5. ↑ Which nations are most responsible for climate change? Guardian 21 April 2011
  6. ↑ "Kigali climate change deal: Will the Middle East keep its cool?". Journal of Middle Eastern Politics and Policy. 25 October 2016.

See also

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