Elephantopus

Elephant’s foot
Elephantopus scaber in India
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Tribe: Vernonieae[1]
Genus: Elephantopus
Type species
Elephantopus scaber
Synonyms[3]
  • Elephantosis Less.
  • Anaschovadi Adans.
  • Elephantopsis (Sch.Bip.) C.F.Baker
  • Chaetospira S.F.Blake

Elephantopus is a genus of perennial plants in the daisy family.[4][5][6]

The genus is widespread over much of Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Americas.[3] Several species are native to the southeastern United States,[7][8] and at least one is native to India and the Himalayas.[9][10][11]

Uses

Elephantopus scaber is a traditional medicine[12] and other species, including E. mollis[13] and E. carolinianus,[14] have also been investigated for medicinal properties. Elephantopus scaber contains elephantopin which is a germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone containing two lactone rings and an epoxide functional group.[15]

Species

accepted species[3]
  1. Elephantopus angolensis O.Hoffm. - Angola
  2. Elephantopus arenarius Britton & P.Wilson ex Britton - Cuba
  3. Elephantopus arenosus Krasch. - Brazil
  4. Elephantopus biflorus (Less.) Sch.Bip. - Brazil
  5. Elephantopus carolinianus Raeusch.- southeastern + south-central United States; Cuba, Puerto Rico
  6. Elephantopus dilatatus Gleason - Costa Rica, Panama
  7. Elephantopus elatus Bertol. - southeastern United States
  8. Elephantopus elongatus Gardner - Brazil
  9. Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. - Brazil, Venezuela
  10. Elephantopus mendoncae Philipson - Angola
  11. Elephantopus micropappus Less. - Brazil
  12. Elephantopus mollis Kunth native to Latin America + West Indies; widely naturalized in tropics of Africa, Asia, Australia, various islands
  13. Elephantopus multisetus O.Hoffm. ex T.Durand & De Wild. - Angola, Zaire, Tanzania
  14. Elephantopus nudatus A.Gray - southeastern + south-central United States, east Texas to Maryland
  15. Elephantopus nudicaulis Poir. - Mexico
  16. Elephantopus palustris Gardner - Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay
  17. Elephantopus piauiensis R.Barros & Semir - Brazil
  18. Elephantopus pratensis C.Wright - Cuba
  19. Elephantopus racemosus Gardner - Brazil
  20. Elephantopus riparius Gardner - Brazil
  21. Elephantopus scaber L. - China, India, southeast Asia, northern Australia; naturalized in Africa, Madagascar, Latin America
  22. Elephantopus senegalensis (Klatt) Oliv. & Hiern- tropical Africa
  23. Elephantopus tomentosus L. - southern United States
  24. Elephantopus vernonioides S. Moore - Africa
  25. Elephantopus virgatus Desv. ex Ham. - Guyana
  26. Elephantopus welwitschii Hiern - Africa

References

  1. ↑ "187d. Asteraceae Martinov tribe Vernonieae Cassini". Flora of North America.
  2. ↑ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: 43-56 in English
  3. 1 2 3 Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 2: 814 in Latin
  5. ↑ Baker, C. F. 1902. A revision of the Elephantopeae--1. Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis 12: plate IX line drawings of fruits of several species of Elephantopus and Pseudelephantopus (captions on page 56)
  6. ↑ Clonts, J. A. 1972. A Revision of the Genus Elephantopus Including Orthopappus and Pseudelephantopus (Compositae). Ph.D. thesis. Mississippi State University.
  7. ↑ "Elephantopus L." United States Department of Agriculture plants profile.
  8. ↑ Flora of North America, Elephant’s foot, Elephantopus Linnaeus
  9. ↑ Press, J.R.; Shrestha, K.K. & Sutton, D.A. "Elephantopus L." Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  10. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 368 地胆草属 di dan cao shu Elephantopus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 814. 1753.
  11. ↑ Forzza, R. C. 2010. Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-09-06. Retrieved 2015-08-20. . Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  12. ↑ Poli, A; Nicolau, M; Simoes, Cm; Nicolau, Rm; Zanin, M (August 1992). "Preliminary pharmacologic evaluation of crude whole plant extracts of Elephantopus scaber. Part I: in vivo studies". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 37 (1): 71–6. doi:10.1016/0378-8741(92)90005-C. ISSN 0378-8741. PMID 1453704.
  13. ↑ Tabopda, Tk; Liu, J; Ngadjui, Bt; Luu, B (Apr 2007). "Cytotoxic triterpene and sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus mollis and induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells". Planta Medica. 73 (4): 376–80. doi:10.1055/s-2007-967132. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 17366372.
  14. ↑ Lee, Kh; Cowherd, Cm; Wolo, Mt (September 1975). "Antitumor agents. XV: Deoxyelephantopin, an antitumor principle from Elephantopus carolinianus Willd". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 64 (9): 1572–3. doi:10.1002/jps.2600640938. ISSN 0022-3549. PMID 1185584.
  15. ↑ Rajkapoor B, Jayakar B, Anandan R (Jan–Feb 2002). "Antitumor activity of Elephantopus scaber linn against Dalton's ascitis lymphoma". Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 64 (1): 71–3.
Elephantopus tomentosus in the United States
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