Kainantu–Goroka languages

Kainantu–Goroka
East Highlands
Geographic
distribution		 highlands of Papua New Guinea
Linguistic classification Trans–New Guinea
  • Morobe – Eastern Highlands
    • Kainantu–Goroka
Subdivisions
Glottolog kain1273[1]
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Map: The Kainantu–Goroka languages of New Guinea
  The Kainantu–Goroka languages
  Other Trans–New Guinea languages
  Other Papuan languages
  Austronesian languages
  Uninhabited

The Kainantu–Goroka language are a family of Papuan languages established by Arthur Capell in 1948 under the name East Highlands. They formed the core of Stephen Wurm's 1960 East New Guinea Highlands family (the precursor of Trans–New Guinea), and are one of the larger branches of Trans–New Guinea in the 2005 classification of Malcolm Ross.

Languages

The constituent Kainantu and Goroka families are clearly valid groups, and William A. Foley considers their TNG identity to be established. However, the internal classification is merely impressionistic.

The pronouns reconstructed for proto-Kainantu–Goroka, proto-Kainantu, and proto-Goroka are as follows:

proto-Kainantu–Goroka
sgpl
1 *ná*tá[za]
2 *ká[za]*tá-na-
3 *[y]á, *wá*yá[na]
proto-Kainantu
sgdupl
1 *né*té[ze]-*té[ze]
2 *é[ze]*[te]né-
3 *wé
proto-Goroka
sgpl
1 *ná*tá[za]
2 *ká*tá-na-gaza, *tí-na-gaza
3 *[y]á*[y]á-na-gaza, *í-na-gaza

The possessive forms are:

proto-Kainantu–Goroka
sgpl
1 *na-i*ta-i
2 *ka*tana-i
3 *[y]a, *wa*ya-i, *yana-i

See also

References

  1. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kainantu–Goroka". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Bibliography

  • Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson. Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15&ndash, 66. ISBN 0858835622. OCLC 67292782.


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