E231 series

E231 series
An E231-1000 series suburban type train in January 2006
Manufacturer JR East, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Tokyu Car Corporation
Built at Niitsu, Kobe, Yokohama
Replaced 103 series, 111 series, 113 series, 115 series, 201 series, 205 series, 301 series
Constructed 1998–2006
Entered service March 2000
Number built 2,736 vehicles
Number in service 2,594 vehicles
(+20 vehicles converted to E235 series)
Number scrapped 122 vehicles
Formation 4/5/8/10/11 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Kawagoe, Keiyo, Kōzu, Matsudo, Mitaka, Oyama, Tokyo
Line(s) served Chuo-Sobu Line, Hachiko Line, Ito Line, Joban Line, Joetsu Line, Kawagoe Line, Keiyo Line, Musashino Line, Narita Line, Ryōmō Line, Shonan-Shinjuku Line, Takasaki Line, Tokaido Main Line, Tokyo Metro Tozai Line, Utsunomiya Line, Yamanote Line, Yokosuka Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Car length 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in)[1]
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)[1]
Doors 4/6 pairs per side
2 doors per side (Green cars)
Maximum speed 120 km/h (75 mph)[1]
Traction system IGBT-VVVF
Acceleration 2.5 km/h/s, 3.0 km/h/s or 3.3 km/h/s
Deceleration 4.0 km/h/s (4.5 km/h/s for emergency brake)
Train heating AU725/AU726
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead
Current collection method Overhead line
Bogies DT61 (powered), TR246 (trailer)
Braking system(s) Regenerative brake, electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
Safety system(s) ATS-P, ATS-SN, D-ATC
Coupling system Shibata-type
Multiple working E233-3000 series (for E231-1000 series only)
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The E231 series (E231系, E231-kei) is an electric multiple unit (EMU) train type used for commuter and outer-suburban services operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East) in Japan since 2000.

Design

Trains were manufactured by Tokyu Car Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries and also at JR East's factory at Niitsu in Niigata Prefecture.

Variants

The type evolved from the earlier 209 series and E217 series EMUs, with the main visible difference being wider bodies (2,950 mm compared to the 2,800 mm for earlier commuter trains), and the prototype train built in 1998 for trials on the Chuo-Sobu Line was actually classified 209-950 series, later becoming E231-900 series. Full-production E231-0 series trains were subsequently introduced on the Chuo-Sobu Line (10-car sets) and Joban Line (10+5-car sets). Other variants include the 11-car E231-500 series for the Yamanote Line, and the E231-800 series with 2,800 mm wide bodies and end doors for use on Tokyo Metro Tozai Line inter-running services.

From 2000 onward, the first E231-1000 series outer-suburban variant was delivered for use on Utsunomiya Line and Takasaki Line services north from Ueno Station in Tokyo. These trains included transverse seating in some cars and were also equipped with toilets. Production continued into 2006 with trains delivered for use on the Tokaido Main Line south from Tokyo. From 2004 onward, two bilevel Green cars were inserted into all E231-1000 series ten-car sets.

E231-0 series

E231-0 series
A Joban Line 10+5 car set in June 2017
Replaced 103 series, 103-1000 series, 201 series, 205 series
Constructed 2000–2006
Entered service 13 March 2000
Number built 725 vehicles
Number in service 699 vehicles (80 sets)
(+8 vehicles converted to E231-3000 series)
Number scrapped 18 vehicles
Formation 5/8/10 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Matsudo, Mitaka, Keiyo
Line(s) served Chuo-Sobu Line, Joban Line, Keiyo Line, Musashino Line, Narita Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors 4/6 pairs per side
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

Originally, 46 ten-car sets (Sets B1-42, B57, B80-82) were based at Mitaka Depot for use on Chuo-Sobu Line services, replacing the earlier 103 and 201 series fleet. Sets B1 to B42 were delivered between February 2000 and November 2001. Set B57 was delivered in November 2002. Sets 80 to 82 were delivered between October and November 2006. The first sets entered service on 13 March 2000. These sets each include one "six-door" SaHa E230 car (car 5).[2]

Originally, 17 ten-car sets (101 to 117) and 19 five-car sets (121 to 139) were based at Matsudo Depot for use on Joban Line services between Ueno and Toride, and also Narita Line services to Narita, replacing the earlier 103 series fleet. The fleet was delivered between November 2001 and February 2005, with the first trains entering service on 3 March 2002.[3] In 2015, cars from former Mitaka Depot-based sets B20-B22 were reformed and transferred to the Joban Line to form two more ten-car sets (118 and 119), bringing the total to 19 ten-car sets.[2]

In October 2017, cars from former Mitaka Depot-based sets B22 and B5 were reformed as an eight-car set renumbered MU2. This entered service on the Musashino Line in November 2017.[4]

As E231-500 trains from the Yamanote Line replace the E231-0 trains on the Chuo-Sobu Line, these trains will be reformed and reallocated as Musashino Line and Hachiko/Kawagoe Line (E231-3000) trains. The six-door cars will be scrapped while six E231-0 series trains will be reformed and remain on the Chuo-Sobu Line.[5]

Lines served

  • Yamanote Line
  • Chuo-Sobu Line
  • Joban Line (Rapid) (Toride - Ueno), Ueno-Tokyo Line, Tokaido Line (Tokyo - Shinagawa) and Narita Line (Abiko - Narita)
  • Musashino Line

Formations

10-car Chuo-Sobu Line sets (old formation)

As of 1 July 2018, 38 ten-car sets are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[6]

 
← Chiba, Tsudanuma
Mitaka →
Car No.12345678910
Designation TcTMM'T'TTMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231SaHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230SaHa E230SaHa E231SaHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230KuHa E230
  • Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Car 5 has six pairs of doors per side.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

10-car Chuo-Sobu Line sets (new formation)

As of 1 July 2018, one ten-car set is based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[6]

 
← Chiba, Tsudanuma
Mitaka →
Car No.12345678910
Designation TcMM'TMM'TMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230SaHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230SaHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230KuHa E230
  • Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.

10-car Joban Line sets

As of 1 April 2018, 19 ten-car sets are based at Matsudo depot in Chiba Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Shinagawa, Ueno
Narita, Toride →
 
Car No.12345678910
Designation Tc'M'MTTTM'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230MoHa E230MoHa E231SaHa E231SaHa E231SaHa E231MoHa E230MoHa E231SaHa E231KuHa E231
  • Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

5-car Joban Line sets

As of 1 April 2018, 19 five-car sets are based at Matsudo depot in Chiba Prefecture and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Shinagawa, Ueno
Narita, Toride →
 
Car No.1112131415
Designation Tc'M'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230MoHa E230MoHa E231SaHa E231KuHa E231
  • Car 13 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 11 and 15 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 14 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

8-car Musashino Line sets

As of 1 July 2018, three eight-car sets are based at Keiyo Depot and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[7]

 
← Tokyo, Kaihinmakuhari, Nishi-Funabashi
Fuchuhommachi →
 
Car No.12345678
Designation TcMM'TTMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230SaHa E231SaHa E231MoHa E231MoHa E230KuHa E230
  • Cars 2 and 6 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 8 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

E231-500 series

E231-500 series
A Yamanote Line 11-car set in March 2009
Replaced 205 series, 209-500 series, E231-0 series
Constructed 2002–2005
Entered service 21 April 2002
Refurbishment 2010–present
Number built 676 vehicles
Number in service 572 vehicles (52 sets)
(including 20 vehicles converted to E235 series)
Number scrapped 104 vehicles
Formation 10/11 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Mitaka, Tokyo
Line(s) served Chuo-Sobu Line, Yamanote Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors 4/6 pairs per side
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

A fleet of 52 11-car E231-500 series was delivered from January 2002 to April 2005 for use on Yamanote Line services, replacing the earlier 205 series fleet. The first trains entered service on 21 April 2002. These trains include D-ATC digital automatic train control, and feature pairs of LCD passenger information screens above each door internally. These screens also show advertisements.

Each 11-car set originally contained two six-door SaHa E230 trailer cars (cars 7 and 10)[3] with six pairs of doors per side and bench seats that were folded up until 10 a.m. on weekdays to provide standing room only during the morning peak. From 22 February 2010, the seats were able to be used during the morning peak.[8] The two six-door cars in each set were subsequently replaced by a new build of four-door trailer cars between February 2010 and August 2011, to standardize door spacing ahead of the introduction of platform doors on all Yamanote Line stations by 2017.[8] The new cars were built to E233 series standards, and the replacement cars (SaHa E231-4600) for car 10 have an irregular door spacing corresponding to the driving cars of Keihin-Tohoku Line E233-1000 series sets, which occasionally have to share the same platforms during engineering work. This results in interior seating arranged 3-7-7-5-4, instead of the normal 3-7-7-7-3 arrangement.[9] The first batch of replacement four-door SaHa E231-600 and SaHa E231-4600 cars were delivered from JR East's Niitsu factory on 1 February 2010.[10]

Chuo-Sobu Line 10-car E231-500 series set A520 in December 2014

In October 2014, former Yamanote Line set 520 was released from overhaul as a ten-car set, numbered A520, allocated to Mitaka Depot, and finished in the yellow Chuo-Sobu Line livery.[11] It entered revenue service on the Chuo-Sobu Line from 1 December 2014.[12] A second set, former Yamanote Line set 540 was converted to a ten-car set for use on the Chuo-Sobu Line in May 2016, renumbered A540.[13] More sets are being transferred to the Chuo-Sobu Line as the E235 series continues to replace them on the Yamanote Line.[14]

Lines served

  • Yamanote Line
  • Chuo-Sobu Line

Formations

10-car Chuo-Sobu Line sets

As of 1 July 2018, 20 ten-car sets are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[6]

 
← Chiba, Tsudanuma
Mitaka →
Car No.12345678910
Designation TcMM'TMM'TMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231-500MoHa E231-500MoHa E230-500SaHa E231-600MoHa E231-500MoHa E230-500SaHa E231-500MoHa E231-500MoHa E230-500KuHa E230-500
  • Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

11-car Yamanote Line sets

As of 1 July 2018, 32 11-car sets are based at Tokyo General Rolling Stock Centre and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and five non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[14][2]

 
← Clockwise (Outer)
Anticlockwise (Inner) →
Car No.1234567891011
Designation Tc'M'MTM'MTM'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230-500MoHa E230-500MoHa E231-500SaHa E231-500MoHa E230-500MoHa E231-500SaHa E231-600MoHa E230-500MoHa E231-500SaHa E231-4600KuHa E231-500
  • Cars 3, 6, and 9 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 11 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

Interior

Special liveries

From 7 September to 4 December 2009, E231-500 series set 502 carried an all-over brown livery to mark the 100th anniversary of the naming of Yamanote Line in collaboration with the Meiji Seika confectionery company.

From 16 January to 28 December 2013, Yamanote Line E231-500 series set 545 operated in an all-over uguisu light green livery to mark the 50th anniversary of the first appearance of 103 series EMUs in this colour scheme.[15]

From 11 October 2014 to 31 March 2015, Yamanote Line E231-500 series set 514 operated in an all-over "red brick" livery to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the opening of Tokyo Station, which opened in 1914.[16]

E231-800 series

E231-800 series
A Chuo-Sobu/Tozai Line 10-car set in December 2009
Replaced 103-1200 series, 301 series
Constructed 2003
Entered service 1 May 2003
Number built 70 vehicles
Number in service 70 vehicles (7 sets)
Formation 10 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Mitaka
Line(s) served Chuo-Sobu Line, Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Doors 4 pairs per side
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

Seven ten-car sets (K1 to K7) based at Mitaka Depot for use on Chuo-Sobu Line and Tokyo Metro Tozai Line interrunning services. These sets were delivered between January and May 2003, entering service on 1 May 2003.[3][17]

Lines served

  • Tokyo Metro Tozai Line
  • Chuo-Sobu Line (Mitaka - Nakano; Nishi-Funabashi - Tsudanuma)

Formations

As of 1 April 2018, seven ten-car sets (K1 to K7) are based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with six motored ("M") cars and four non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Tsudanuma, Nishi-Funabashi
Nakano, Mitaka →
 
Car No.12345678910
Designation TcMM'TMM'TMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231-800MoHa E231-800MoHa E230-800SaHa E231-800MoHa E231-800MoHa E230-800SaHa E231-800MoHa E231-800MoHa E230-800KuHa E230-800
  • Cars 2, 5, and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 2 and 9 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

E231-900 series

E231-900 series
E231-900 series on Chuo-Sobu Line in October 2007
Constructed 1998 (as 209-950 series)
Entered service December 1998
Refurbishment June 2000
Number built 10 vehicles
Number in service 10 vehicles (1 set)
Formation 10 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Mitaka
Line(s) served Chuo-Sobu Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors 4/6 pairs per side
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

One ten-car set based at Mitaka Depot for use on Chuo-Sobu Line services. This was the prototype E231 series set, built jointly by Tokyu Car and JR East's Niitsu factory, and delivered in October 1998, classified as 209-950 series. It was reclassified as E231-900 series in June 2000.[2]

Formations

As of 1 April 2018, one ten-car set (B901) is based at Mitaka depot in Tokyo and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Chiba, Tsudanuma
Mitaka →
Car No.12345678910
Designation TcTMM'T'TTMM'Tc'
Numbering KuHa E231-900SaHa E231-900MoHa E231-900MoHa E230-900SaHa E230-900SaHa E231-900SaHa E231-900MoHa E231-900MoHa E230-900KuHa E230-900
  • Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Car 5 has six pairs of doors per side.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 4 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]

E231-1000 series

E231-1000 series
A E231-1000 series suburban set on a Takasaki Line service in December 2008
Replaced 111 series, 113 series, 115 series
Constructed 2000–2006
Entered service 21 June 2000
Number built 1255 vehicles
Number in service 1255 vehicles (160 sets)
Formation 5/10 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Kōzu, Oyama
Line(s) served Ito Line, Joetsu Line, Ryōmō Line, Shonan-Shinjuku Line, Takasaki Line, Tokaido Main Line, Utsunomiya Line, Yokosuka Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors 4 pairs per side
2 doors per side (Green cars)
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

Lines served

SaRo E231-1000 bilevel Green car in a Tokaido Main Line set in April 2007

Ten- and five-car suburban sets based at Oyama and Kōzu depots for use on the following lines.

These trains are designed for longer-distance suburban services, and include toilets, transverse seating bays (in some cars only), and bilevel Green cars (10-car sets only). The Ito Line and Joetsu Line mainly use 5-car sets, while the Shonan-Shinjuku Line, Ueno-Tokyo Line, Takasaki Line, Tokaido Line, Utsunomiya Line use 10- or 10+5-car sets.

Formations

10-car U sets

As of 1 April 2018, 49 ten-car sets (U501–U541, U584–U591) are based at Oyama depot in Tochigi Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Atami
Kuroiso, Maebashi →
 
Car No.12345678910
Designation Tc'M'MTsd'TsdTM'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230-8000MoHa E230-3500MoHa E231-1500SaRo E230-1000SaRo E231-1000SaHa E231-6000MoHa E230-1000MoHa E231-1000SaHa E231-1000KuHa E231-6000
  • Cars 3 and 8 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Cars 1, 5, and 6 each have a toilet (universal design in car 1, Japanese-style in car 6).[2]
  • Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]
  • Cars 4 and 5 are bilevel Green Cars.[2]

5-car U sets

As of 1 April 2018, 35 five-car sets (U2–U118) are based at Oyama depot in Tochigi Prefecture and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Atami
Koganei, Kagohara →
 
Car No.1112131415
Designation Tc'M'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230-6000MoHa E230-1000MoHa E231-1000SaHa E231-3000KuHa E231-8000
  • Car 13 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 11 and 15 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 11 has a universal design toilet.[2]

10-car K sets

As of 1 April 2018, 42 ten-car sets (K-01–K-42) are based at Kōzu depot in Kanagawa Prefecture and formed as shown below with four motored ("M") cars and six non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Atami
Kuroiso, Maebashi →
 
Car No.12345678910
Designation Tc'M'MTsd'TsdTTM'MTc
Numbering KuHa E230-8000MoHa E230-3500MoHa E231-1500SaRo E230-1000SaRo E231-1000SaHa E231-1000SaHa E231-1000MoHa E230-1500MoHa E231-3500KuHa E231-8500
  • Cars 3 and 9 each have one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 10 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Cars 1, 5, and 10 each have a toilet (universal design in cars 1 and 10).[2]
  • Car 8 is designated as a mildly air-conditioned car.[2]
  • Cars 4 and 5 are bilevel Green Cars.[2]

5-car S sets

As of 1 April 2018, 34 five-car sets (S-01–S-34) are based at Kōzu depot in Kanagawa Prefecture and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and three non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Atami
Koganei, Kagohara →
 
Car No.1112131415
Designation Tc'M'MTTc
Numbering KuHa E230-6000MoHa E230-1000MoHa E231-1000SaHa E231-3000KuHa E231-8000
  • Car 13 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 11 and 15 have a wheelchair space.[2]
  • Car 11 has a universal design toilet.[2]

Interior

E231-3000 series

E231-3000 series
A Hachiko/Kawagoe Line four-car set in March 2018
Replaced 205-3000 series, 209-3000 series, 209-3100 series
Entered service 19 February 2018
Refurbishment 2018–present (converted from E231-0 series)
Number built 8 vehicles
Number in service 8 vehicles (2 sets)
Formation 4 cars per trainset
Operator(s) JR East
Depot(s) Kawagoe
Line(s) served Hachiko Line, Kawagoe Line
Specifications
Car body construction Stainless steel
Width 2,950 mm (9 ft 8 in)
Doors 4 pairs per side
Electric system(s) 1,500 V DC overhead catenary
Current collection method PS33B pantograph
Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

From 2017, former E231-0 series ten-car sets based at Mitaka Depot for use on Chuo-Sobu Line services were reformed and converted to become four-car E231-3000 series sets based at Kawagoe for use on Kawagoe Line and Hachiko Line services.[18] The first set entered revenue service on the line on 19 February 2018.[19]

Lines served

  • Hachiko Line (Hachioji - Komagawa)
  • Kawagoe Line (Komagawa - Kawagoe)

Formation

As of 1 April 2018, two four-car sets are based at Kawagoe depot in Saitama and formed as shown below with two motored ("M") cars and two non-powered trailer ("T") cars.[2]

 
← Hachioji
Kawagoe →
 
Car No.1234
Designation Tc'M'MTc
Numbering KuHa E230-3000MoHa E230-3000MoHa E231-3000KuHa E231-3000
  • Car 3 has one PS33B single-arm pantograph.[2]
  • Cars 1 and 4 have a wheelchair space.[2]

Former set/car identities

The former identities of the E231-3000 series sets are as follows.[20]

Set No.Car numbersFormer set No.Former car numbers
41 KuHa E230-3001MoHa E230-3001MoHa E231-3001KuHa E231-3001B5KuHa E230-5MoHa E230-10MoHa E231-10KuHa E231-5
42 KuHa E230-3002MoHa E230-3002MoHa E231-3002KuHa E231-3002B6KuHa E230-6MoHa E230-12MoHa E231-12KuHa E231-6

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jēāru zensharyō handobukku: Rail Magazine 2009 JR全車輌ハンドブック2009 [JR Rolling Stock Handbook 2009]. Japan: Neko Publishing. 2009. ISBN 978-4-7770-0836-0.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Jr電車編成表 2018夏 JR電車編成表 2018夏 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2018]. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. 18 May 2018. pp. 49, 62–63, 71, 74–77, 80–81, 96–98. ISBN 978-4-330-88418-9.
  3. 1 2 3 JR電車編成表 2009夏 [JR EMU Formations - Summer 2009]. Japan: Kotsu Shimbunsha. June 2009. ISBN 978-4-330-06909-8.
  4. ↑ 武蔵野線にE231系が登場 [E231 series appears on the Musashino Line]. Japan Railfan Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 58 no. 681. Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. January 2018. p. 52.
  5. ↑ "中央総武緩行線からの転出". Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  6. 1 2 3 "E231系三鷹車両センター編成表（最新版）". Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  7. ↑ "E231系京葉車両センター編成表（最新版）". Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  8. 1 2 "山手線6扉車を順次4扉車に (Yamanote Line 6-door cars to be gradually replaced with 4-door cars)". Hobidas (in Japanese). Neko Publishing. 17 February 2010. Retrieved 17 February 2010.
  9. ↑ "山手線電車１００周年" [100th anniversary of Yamanote Line trains]. Japan Railfan Magazine. Vol. 50 no. 586. Japan: Koyusha. February 2010. p. 57.
  10. ↑ 山手線用E231系4ドア車配給輸送 [Yamanote Line E231 series 4-door cars delivered] (in Japanese). 1 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  11. ↑ E231系500番台が中央・総武緩行線仕様となって出場 [E231-500 series outshopped in Chuo-Sobu Line style]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 30 November 2014.
  12. ↑ 中央総武緩行線でE231系500番台が営業運転を開始 [E231-500 series enters revenue service on Chuo-Sobu Line]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 2 December 2014. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  13. ↑ E231系トウ540編成が三鷹車両センターに転属 [E231 series set 540 transferred to Mitaka Depot]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 20 May 2016. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016. Retrieved 11 June 2016.
  14. 1 2 "「山手線・中央総武緩行線の世代交代」について". Retrieved 21 July 2018.
  15. ↑ 「みどりの山手線ラッピングトレイン」を運行します ["Green Yamanote Line Train" to operate] (pdf). News release (in Japanese). Japan: East Japan Railway Company. 19 December 2012. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
  16. ↑ "E231系トウ514編成に東京駅開業100周年記念のラッピング" [E231 series set 514 in Tokyo Station 100th anniversary commemorative livery]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 12 October 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  17. ↑ "JR東日本　E231系800番代　5月1日に営業運転を開始" [JR East E231-800 series enters revenue service on 1 May]. Tetsudō Daiya Jōhō. 32 (231): 72. July 2003.
  18. ↑ E231系3000番台4両が配給輸送される [E231-3000 series 4-car set transferred]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 29 November 2017. Archived from the original on 29 November 2017. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
  19. ↑ 八高線用の209系3500番台が試運転 [Hachiko Line 209-3500 series undergoes test-running]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 21 February 2018. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
  20. ↑ JR車両のうごき [JR rolling stock changes]. Tetsudo Daiya Joho Magazine (in Japanese). Vol. 47 no. 407. Japan: Kotsu Shimbun. March 2018. p. 102.

Further reading

  • 首都圏新系列車両 Profile: 209/E231/E233系グループの全貌 首都圏新系列車両PROFILE [Tokyo Area New-generation Rolling Stock Profile]. Japan: Ikaros Publishing. 15 April 2011. ISBN 978-4-86320-436-2.
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